S Angornai; H Memarian; M Shariat Panahi; M.J Bolourchi
Abstract
Land subsidence is an environmental phenomenon that involves gradual or sudden settlement of the land surface because of compaction of underground material. Groundwater withdrawal, which occurs due to excessive use of water resources, is among the most important reasons for this phenomenon. Therefore, ...
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Land subsidence is an environmental phenomenon that involves gradual or sudden settlement of the land surface because of compaction of underground material. Groundwater withdrawal, which occurs due to excessive use of water resources, is among the most important reasons for this phenomenon. Therefore, land subsidence can lead to destructive results in residential, industrial and agricultural areas. As a result, subsidence caused by excessive use of groundwater resources has occurred in many countries in the world. Tehran metropolitan plain in Iran is one of the most obvious examples, where land subsidence is happening. Although the relationship between land subsidence, groundwater level decline and changes in the physical properties of subsurface material is broadly understood, a comprehensive and precise model to predict land subsidence remains unconstrained. Land subsidence modeling is a complicated matter in geological engineering but can help to better understand subsidence and possibly prevent damages. The commonly used numerical methods for modeling land subsidence are generally based on simple assumptions, which make the model results to be associated with some errors. In this study, artificial intelligent methods such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to propose a new method to predict land subsidence. The efficiency of this method was then tested in the South Tehran plain as a case study. We have used hydrological, geotechnical, remote sensing and ambient vibrations for site effect investigations. First, the collected data was studied statistically. Then, the delay between groundwater withdrawal and subsidence was computed by genetic algorithms using available hydrographs and GPS data in a period of 27 months. Model input parameters include changes in groundwater level, natural frequency of soil, alluvial thickness, defined geographic coordinates and time. The model output was an estimated subsidence measured by radar interferometry method. The model was built in 15 time steps using a set of data having 4 months of time difference with the data used to create the model. The comparison between the predicted (modeled) and real (measured by remote sensing) subsidence shows a good correlation, which makes the proposed model reliable.
E Hajizadeh Naddaf; B Oveisi; M.R Ghasemi; M.J Bolurchi
Abstract
The analytical models in rock mechanics represent suitable analysis of deformation and failure conditions of the samples bearing simple geometry and mechanical properties. Nowadays different methods of numerical modeling, like finite difference method (FDM), are used for analysis of continuous, non- ...
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The analytical models in rock mechanics represent suitable analysis of deformation and failure conditions of the samples bearing simple geometry and mechanical properties. Nowadays different methods of numerical modeling, like finite difference method (FDM), are used for analysis of continuous, non- and quasi- continuous behavior. This paper represents logical estimate of geomechanical properties of the Asmari formation with usage of the results of triaxial tests on intact rock samples of the upper limy part of this formation and also the finite difference methods. For this purpose, we designed some models containing simple boundary condition and only one rheological unit. To simulate the failure conditions of the samples, a geomechanical simulative software (Flac 2D) was used. The failure of samples under the experienced stress conditions in laboratory were of basic data for simulation of failure conditions by finite difference method. The results show that the cohesion coefficient and uniaxial tensile strength are of sensitive parameters in controlling the failure conditions. This study suggests that the values of Young's and Bulk modulus are 260GPa, 23GPa, respectively, when the uniaxial tensile strength and cohesion coefficient are considered 29MPa and 26MPa, respectively.
M. Nemati; B. Oveisi; M. Foroutan; M. J. Bolourchi
Abstract
A MN=5.8 (Institute of Geophysics Seismological Center, University of Tehran) earthquake in 2010 July 20 shook southeastern Zagros, over the active ramp of the Mountain Front Fault (MFF). A body killed during the earthquake and it’s aftershocks have affected hundreds of square kilometers around ...
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A MN=5.8 (Institute of Geophysics Seismological Center, University of Tehran) earthquake in 2010 July 20 shook southeastern Zagros, over the active ramp of the Mountain Front Fault (MFF). A body killed during the earthquake and it’s aftershocks have affected hundreds of square kilometers around the epicenter. The shook area has experienced many moderate to large earthquakes at the historical time and the MFF recognized as their responsible. With the combination of the waveforms of seismological networks for the Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology of Iran and a local network of the Geological Survey of Iran at Fars province, the source parameters of the earthquake were modified. For this event the ML magnitude computed 5.4 and a depth of 10 km were estimated. This event is related to the growing of anticlines neighboring the MFF with a fault propagated through their cores as of the other reverse earthquakes in Zagros. Tilting and uplifting of young alluvial deposits neighboring them are evidences for this growing. The iso-seismal curves elongated along MFF and the maximum intensity in MM and JMA scales was estimated VII. A small conjugate shear zone with maximum 1 km elongation, 150 m width and 10 cm of both vertical and right lateral dislocations with the strike of N45˚E, was mapped. Finally for this earthquake there was not any rupture except this T kind rupture which not merits the earthquake magnitude.
A. Shemshaki; Y. Mohammadi; M. J. Bolourchi
Abstract
Based on recent research by geological survey of Iran (GSI), an extensive subsidence area was observed in Hashtgerd plain (Tehran province). The geographical position of this area is 35° 47' 45" to 35° 03' 05" N and 50° 29' 05" to 50° 54' 28" E. The maximum and mean rates of this subsidence ...
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Based on recent research by geological survey of Iran (GSI), an extensive subsidence area was observed in Hashtgerd plain (Tehran province). The geographical position of this area is 35° 47' 45" to 35° 03' 05" N and 50° 29' 05" to 50° 54' 28" E. The maximum and mean rates of this subsidence are 16 and 8.4 cm per year. In general, the main aquifer of plain is composed of Kahrizak and Tehran formations. These formations are alluvium type. The Kahrizak formation consists of gravel, sand and silt. This formation scatters in north of plain. Tehran formation is composed of pebble, gravel, sand and clay in fluvial cone form. Toward the center and south of plain the amount of fine material increases. The subsidence is shown in Tehran formation only. Based on geoelectrical and well-logs data, the confined to semi confined aquifer area is recognized in south and west of Hashtgerd plain. This area is in accordance with subsidence area. In the upper part of confined aquifer we can find an unconfined aquifer. The whole of penetrated water from surface of plain recharges the unconfined aquifer. The extortion of water from confined aquifer and unconfined aquifer in north of plain has caused subsidence phenomena. The unique recharge resources of confined aquifer is unconfined aquifer in north of plain. To take notice of the position and properties of confined and unconfined aquifers in this place is very important in suitable planning and management to prevent and mitigate subsidence occurrence in future.
