Exploration and Mining
Ahmad Adib; Peyman Afzal
Abstract
In this research, the leaching of REEs from the tailing of the apatite-iron ore processing unit of Morvarid mine (NW Iran), has been investigated using nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. This tailing contains rare earth elements (REEs) specifically Ce, La, Nd, Y and its accompanying minerals are ...
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In this research, the leaching of REEs from the tailing of the apatite-iron ore processing unit of Morvarid mine (NW Iran), has been investigated using nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. This tailing contains rare earth elements (REEs) specifically Ce, La, Nd, Y and its accompanying minerals are magnetite, apatite, monazite, hematite, quartz. The appropriate dimensions for apatite release are 80-75μm. Leaching tests were performed for all three acids, and digestion process was also used for sulfuric acid. The leaching in the presence of sulfuric acid, under a temperature of 90°C, an acid concentration of 40% and a time of 60 minutes, leads to the total recovery of REE equal to 40.23%, and in acid sulfuric acid digestion at 200°C, equal to 61.21%. became. The recovery of REE when using hydrochloric acid at 72.64°C, concentration of hydrochloric acid 36.21% and time 56.28 minutes, was equal to 60.57%. In the presence of nitric acid, under the optimal conditions of temperature 61.51°C, acid concentration 40% and time 72.92 minutes. Furthermore, the maximum recovery of total REE equal to 51.9% was obtained. Due to the higher recovery and the lower price of sulfuric acid, this method is suggested for extracting for the extraction of REEs from the tailings.
M. Esmaeli; M. Lotfi; N. Nezafati
Abstract
Khalyfehlou Cu deposit (southeast of the Zanjan), is the volcanic-hosted vein-type deposit located in the Tarom metallogenic zon,Western Alborz (northwest of Iran) . Tarom zone consist mainly of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Karaj Formation (Early to Middle Eocone). Regarding the stratigraphic ...
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Khalyfehlou Cu deposit (southeast of the Zanjan), is the volcanic-hosted vein-type deposit located in the Tarom metallogenic zon,Western Alborz (northwest of Iran) . Tarom zone consist mainly of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Karaj Formation (Early to Middle Eocone). Regarding the stratigraphic position, the Karaj Formation is divided into two members: Kordkand and Amand. The Kordkand member is overlain by the Amand member .The Amand member is divided into six units, Ea1 through Ea6. The Khalyfehlou Cu deposit is located in Ea5 and Ea6 units of Amand member .The Karaj Formation is interrupted by large and linear intrusions with calc alkaline affinities. Host rocks are green tuffs and, rarely, andesites. The patterns of rare earth elements in the studied samples indicate the negative anomaly of Eu element due to plagioclase subtraction. In all the samples, the enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) and large lithophil ion (LILE) elements and the depletion of strong field strength elements (HFSE) are observed. This probably indicates the common origin of these rocks. Main minerals include chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, and covellite and gangue minerals including quartz, sericite, and calcite. In this paper the origin of ore-forming fluids and genesis of Khalyfehlou Cu deposit is studied using sulfur and oxygen isotope data. The sulfur isotope values for the chalcopyrite range from −2.0 to −5.3‰. Negative sulfur isotopes values and the occurrence of framboidal pyrite in the tuffaceous sandstone host rocks suggests a sedimentary origin for the sulfur. The oxygen isotope composition of quartz from the veins ranges from 12.3 to 14.3‰. The δ18Ofluid values calculated from the oxygen isotope data range from 0.6‰ to 3.6‰. The O isotopic characteristics indicate that the ore-forming fluids for the Khalyfehlou deposit was meteoric-formational water.This study suggests that mineralization at the Khalyfehlou deposit is similar to cordilleran vein-type deposits.
M.R Hosseinzadeh; S Maghfouri; M Moayyed; A Rahmani
Abstract
The Khalifehlu Cu-Au deposit is located ~7 km North of Khoramdareh, in the central part of the Tarom magmatic zone. Rock units exposed in the area consist of volcanic, subvolcanic and intrusive rocks, which are associated with Eocene tectonics and Magmatism. Volcanism started with large-scale ...
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The Khalifehlu Cu-Au deposit is located ~7 km North of Khoramdareh, in the central part of the Tarom magmatic zone. Rock units exposed in the area consist of volcanic, subvolcanic and intrusive rocks, which are associated with Eocene tectonics and Magmatism. Volcanism started with large-scale andesitic-trachyandesitic lavas and pyroclastics; continued by rhyolite domes, and culminated by a quartzmonzonite porphyry. Copper-gold mineralization at the Khalifehlu is intimately associated with the breccias and veins. The highest grade and most extensive mineralization occurs in silicic veins. Two stages of mineralization are identified at the Khalifehlu area that progressed from regional breccia (phase 1 from stage 1) to Au- bearing silicic- sulfide vein- veinlet (phase 2 from stage 1) to oxide-dominant breccias (phase 1 from stage 2) to specularite vein- veinlet (phase 2 from stage 2). Gold occurs with sulfide minerals as disseminations, as well as in the veins and breccia cemented during phase 2 from stage 1. The wall–rock alteration in the Khalifehlu deposit exhibits a clear concentric zoning pattern. The vuggy quartz and argillic alteration are spatially and closely associated with high-grade gold mineralization, and are mainly developed along veins and in breccias. Propylitic alteration is widespread around the ore bodies. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, covollite, chalcocite, hematite and native gold are present in the ores. The ore minerals show disseminated, vein-veinlet, replacement, fibrous and breccia textures. We suggest near-surface emplacement of volatile-rich quartzmonzonite porphyry, followed by extensive brecciation and hydrothermal alteration-mineralization. The geology, alteration, and mineralization in the Khalifehlu deposit is similar to high-sulfidation type epithermal deposits.
M.R Hosseinzadeh; S Maghfouri; M Moayyed; M Lotfehnia; B Hajalilou
Abstract
The studied area is located in Tarom metallogenic zone (NW of Iran). This area illustrate widespread hydrothermal alteration and disseminated and vein-veinlet type copper, lead and zinc mineralization.Injection of qm Intrusive body into Eocene volcano clastic complex (Karaj Formation) along linear Faults ...
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The studied area is located in Tarom metallogenic zone (NW of Iran). This area illustrate widespread hydrothermal alteration and disseminated and vein-veinlet type copper, lead and zinc mineralization.Injection of qm Intrusive body into Eocene volcano clastic complex (Karaj Formation) along linear Faults caused intense hydrothermal alterations such as phyllic, argillic, propylitic and silicification. The major minerals of this rock are plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene, hornblende, alkali-feldespar, quartz with Lesser amount apatite, zircon, opaq minerals, rutile and sphene. Based on microscopic and geochemical assessments this rock is quartz- monzonite, tonalite, quartz- monzodiorite, and has calk-alkaline to shoshonitic and meta-aluminous character. This Pluton belongs to a volcanic arcs regime. The hydrothermal activities of penetrate intrusion causes the creation of two system vein and veinlet: ore bearing quartz vein- veinlet’s and non-ore bearing carbonate vein- veinlets. The mineralization in loubin- zardeh occured in quartz vein- veinlet along faults created via the intrusion of the intrusive. The main mineralizations of area are oxide (illmenite), sulfide (pyrite, Chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite), sulfate (barite) and the supergene minerals are oxides and hydroxide, (hematite, goetite), sulfide (covelite), sulfate (anglesite) and carbonate (malachite and azourite). The most important characteristics of mineralization at the Lubin- Zardeh area such as tectonic setting, host rocks, mineralogy, metal content as well as wall rock alterations, and to compare these characteristics with the basic features of Epithermal deposits, the polymetal vein- veinlet mineralization in Lubin- Zardeh placed in the Epithermal category.
