Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences

Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences

Facies changes and sedimentary environment in a pre-arc basin (Nazarkardeh Formation, Kopeh Dagh sedimentary basin, northeastern Iran)

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors
Zeinab Sheikholeslami 1
, Mahmoudreza Majidifard 2
Seyed Mohsen Aleali 1
Mohammad Javanbakht 3
Morteza Taherpour Khalilabad 3
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
10.22071/gsj.2022.329978.1984
Abstract
A unique basement of Kopeh  Dagh sedimentary basin is located and investigated in Agh-darband area, northeastern Iran. The second formation of the Agh- darband group, the Nazarkardeh Formation is cropped out in the area by carbonate and volcanogenic successions. This Formation with Anisian age is overlaid by the Sina Formation, Ladinian age with a sharp boundary and is underlaid by the Sefidkuh Formation with late Scythian in age by a gradual boundary. During this research, four stratigraphic sections are measured from petrology, sequence stratigraphy, microfacies and sedimentary basin points of view. Next this measurement, 300 samples are token and 100 thin sections are made. 11 microfacies with 1 hybrid facies and 3 terrestrial facies are determined. By high resolution studies on these data, this Formation is deposited in lagoon, shoal and open marine which is deposited between the Sefidkuh Formation (carbonate ramp) and the Sina Formation (marginal shelf), so that the depositional environment of the Nazarkardeh Formation is determined as a transitional environment from carbonate ramp to marginal shelf. The existence of hybrid facies show the volcanic activities during deposition of this Formation. the existence of intraformation and monomictic conglomerate in the last depositinal stages of this formation, shows the falling and collapse facies next to the deep floor changes of the sedimentary basin. The sea level change graphs in A, B, C and D stratigraphic sections in contrast with sea level change graphs of Anisian (middle Triassic) shows a third level sequence stratigraphy and is markable by a non-erosional boundary (SB2) on the basis on top of the A, B, C and D stratigraphic sections.
Keywords
Sequence Stratigraphy
Kopeh Dagh
Nazarkardeh Formation
Agh Darband

Subjects

Afshar-Harb, A., 1994. Geology of Kopeh Dagh: Tehran, Geological Survey of Iran 275p.
Balani, M., Alda, N., Zanchetta, S., Zanchef, A., Marchesi, R., Volo, I., Hosseiniyoon, M., Norouzi, M., and Soleimani, S., 2019. Olenekian to early Ladinian Stratigraphy of the western part of the Aghdarband window (Kopeh – Dagh, NE Iran) ,Rivisa Italian di Palaeontologia e Stratigrafia (search in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy), Vol.125(1): 283-315p. https://doi.org/1013130/2039-4942/11446.
Bruchette, T.P, and Wright, V.P., 1992. Carbonate ramp depositional system. Journal of sedimentary Geology, 79, 3-35p. http://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90003-A.
Dunham, R,J., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. American Association of petroleum Geology, Memoir, 1, 108-121p.
Emery, D., and Myers, K., 1996. Sequence Stratigraphy , Blackwells, Oxford, 297P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444313710.
Flügel. E., 1982. Microfacies Analysis of Limestone. Springer-Verlag, New York, 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68423-4.
Flügel, E., 2004. Microfacies analysis of carbonate rocks: analysis, interpretation and application , Springer-Verlag, 976p.
Flügel, E., 2010. Microfacies of carbonate rocks: analysis, interpretation and application , Springer, 2nd edition, Berlin, 984p.
Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J., Vial, P. R.,  Stover, L.E.,  Colin, J.P.,  Ioannides, N.S.,  Wright, R.C.,  Baum, G.R.,  Gombos, A.M. Jr.,  Pflum, C.E.,  Loutit, T.S.,  Jan du Chêne, R., Romine, K.K.,  Sarg, J.F.,  Posamentier, H.W.,  Morgan, B.E.  1988.  Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and eustatic cycles, In P.D. Grevello, J. L. Wilson, J. F. Sarg & J. F. Read (Eds.), Controls on carbonate platform and basin development, SEPM (Soc. Econ. Paleont. Mineral), Special Pub., Vol.44: 71-108p. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.88.01.0071.
Haq, B.U., 2018. Triassic Eustatic Variations Reexamined, The Geological society of America, V. 28 Issue 12 , pp. 4-9. http://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG381A.1.
Heckel, P.H., 1972, Possible inorganic origin for stromatactis in calcilutite mounds in the Tally Limestone, Devonian of New York, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol.42, 7-18p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/47d72478-2b21-11d7-8648000102c1865d.
Kristan, A., and Tollmann, E., 1991. Echinoderms from the Middle Triassic Sina formation (Aghdarbane group) in NE – Iran, Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt,Vol.38, 175-194p .https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/AbhGeolBA_38_0175-0194.pdf.
Logan, B. W., Rezak, R., and Ginsburg, R. N., 1964. Classification and environmental significance of algalstromatolites, J. Geol., Vol. 72, 62-83p. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/626965.
Maurer, F., Martini, R., Rettori, R., Hillgartner, H., and cirilli , S., 2009. The geology of Khuff outcrop analogues in the Musandam Peninsula, United Arab Emirates and Oman, GeoArabia, v.14, no.3, p. 125-158. http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/14/3/125/5444509/maurer_125-158.pdf.
Miall, A.D., 2000. Participles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis, Third Edition, University of Toronto, Canada, 616P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03999-1.
References
Ruttner, A. W., 1984. The pre-Liassic basement of the eastern Kopet Dagh rang: Neuse Jahrbuch fur geologie und palantologie, Abhandlungen, Vol. 168: 256-268p. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/256.
Ruttner, A. W., 1988. The coal deposits of Aghdarband (NE) Iran and its geological frame, Second Mining Symposium Iran (Kerman), Ministary of Mines and Metals, Tehran, 183-202p. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/AbhGeolBA_38_0007-0079.pdf.
Ruttner, A. W., 1991. Geology of the Aghdarband area (Kopet Dagh NE Iran), Abhandlungen Der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, Vol. 38: 7-79p. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/AghGeolBA-38-0007-0079.pdf.
Ruttner, A. W., 1993. Southern borderland of Triassic Laurasia in northest Iran, Geologisches Rundschau, Vol.82: 110-120p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563274.
Ruttner, A.W., 1983. The Pre-Liassic basement of the Aq Darband area,eastern Kopet Dagh Range. Geological Survey of Iran Report, 51:451–462. https://doi.org/ 10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/256.
Stöcklin, J., 1968. Structural history and tectonics of Iran, a review. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., 52, 1229–58. https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25C4A5-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Stöcklin, J., 1974. Pssible ancient continental margin in Iran. In: Burk, C. A., Drake, C.L. Edotion, The Geology of Continental Margins. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 873-887p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01141-6-64.
Stöcklin, J., 1977. Structural correlation of the Alpine ranges between Iran and Central Asia. Mem. Soc. Geol. France, Ser. h, 8; 333–53. http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCALGEODEBRGM7720435256.
Tucker, M. E. and Wright, V. P., 1990. Carbonate Sedimentary, Blackwell, Oxford, 452p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444314175.
Tucker, M. E., 2001. Sedimentary petrology, (3rd Ed.), Blackwell, Oxford, 272p.
Wilson, V.P., 1975, Carbonate Facies in Geologic History, Springer-Verlag, New York, 471p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6383-8.
 
Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences
Volume 32, Issue 4 - Serial Number 126
Vol. 32,, Issue.4, Serial No. 126, Winter 2022
Autumn 2022
Pages 379-394