Sistan and Baluchestan Province is located in southeastern Iran. Its geology, magmatism, and metallogeny have been largely controlled by tectonic events related to the opening and closure of the Neotethys. Several magmatic episodes have occurred in the province, some of which are particularly significant for mineralization and metallogeny. Remnants of the Neotethys oceanic crust, preserved as Cretaceous ophiolitic sequences, host mineralizations of chromium, copper, manganese, iron, titanium, and magnesium. The Cretaceous Bazman granitoids are likely associated with iron, copper, zinc, tungsten, and tin mineralization and were generated from magmas related to the subduction. Upper Eocene–Lower Oligocene subduction and collisional magmatism led to the formation of the Zahedan granitoids, and the associated hydrothermal fluids produced gold, antimony, and copper mineralization. Olig-Miocene post-collisional magmatism in the northern parts of the province resulted in the development of porphyry, epithermal, and skarn mineralization systems at Lar, Janja, Seyasteragi, Kaftarkuh, Kalegar, and Asagi. Olig-Miocene magmatism related to subduction also generated skarn iron, porphyry copper–gold, and epithermal gold mineralization in the Samsur, Mirabad, Qalehsouli, Bidster, Kuh-e Madofti, Kharestan, and Sarkahnu areas. The Plio-Quatrnary subduction-related magmatism at Bazman and Taftan is particularly important for gold mineralization and geothermal energy potential.