Hydrology
hassan zia; Goliam Hossan Karami; Ali Taheri
Abstract
Estimation recharge is an important parameter in the hydrogeological study that used for water budget. Recharge potential map prepared based on spatial maps of eight major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value, aspect, drainage density, precipitation, fracture density, ...
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Estimation recharge is an important parameter in the hydrogeological study that used for water budget. Recharge potential map prepared based on spatial maps of eight major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value, aspect, drainage density, precipitation, fracture density, karstification and epikarst) were integrated using GIS after expertise judgment. The study area has been classified into four zones with potential recharge of 15, 25, 35 and 45 percent. The extent of each zone was determined 251, 879, 943 and 200 km2, respectively. The average potential recharge was 30% in the study area. According to potential recharge and average of annual precipitation (164 mm), the total recharge in the Shotori mountains was estimated to be 122 million cubic meters (MCM) and about 25 MCM from that volume were discharged from springs and abstraction wells and remaining volume (87 MCM) is recharging to adjacent aquifers. Ezmigan, Ganbar, and Korit are the major karstic springs that drain the Shotori Mountain with the mean discharge rate of 63, 60 and 24 lit/s and electrical conductivity values of 601, 1640 and 825 µS/cm respectively. The estimated catchment area based on the recharge rate in comparison to the evaluated catchments by geological, stratigraphical methods showed that the difference is less than 15%, which confirms the estimated amount of recharge.
H. Vaziri-Moghaddam; A. Safari; S. Shahriari; A. Khazaei; A. Taheri
Abstract
In order to study the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Maestichtian deposits (Tarbur and Gurpi formations) in High Zagros, Gardbishe section in south of Borojen was selected. The Tarbur deposits in this region are mainly composed of carbonate and clastic a rock which has been overlaind by Gurpi ...
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In order to study the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Maestichtian deposits (Tarbur and Gurpi formations) in High Zagros, Gardbishe section in south of Borojen was selected. The Tarbur deposits in this region are mainly composed of carbonate and clastic a rock which has been overlaind by Gurpi Formation. The lower contact of this formation is lower red unit as conformable contact. The Gurpi Formation is lithologically composed of marl which has been overlaind as a disconformable contact by Shahbazan dolomites. The biostratigrphic data based on benthic and planktonic foraminifera and rudists represents the late Maestrichtian age for the section. Two biozones were identified in Maestrichtian deposits including: Omphalocyclus-Loftusia assemblage zone, Contusatruncana contusa-Recemiguembelina fructicasa zone. In general, the suitable environmental conditions for diversity, frequency and increase in size of some fossils such as Loftusia and in the absence of some other fossils such as Orbitoides and Lepidorbitoides in this region can be related to augmentation of nutrients and entering the detrital and silica sediments due to river injection and runoff and consequently to the eutrophic conditions formed in the basin.
F. Aarab; P. Omidy; A. Taheri
Abstract
In this paper, the evidences of Quaternary deformation in the west of Shahrood, in an area starting from Deh-Molla valley and extending to Tazareh valley in the southern domain of eastern Alborz have been studied. The studied area is bounded on the North and South by two main faults that trends east- ...
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In this paper, the evidences of Quaternary deformation in the west of Shahrood, in an area starting from Deh-Molla valley and extending to Tazareh valley in the southern domain of eastern Alborz have been studied. The studied area is bounded on the North and South by two main faults that trends east- west and dips to north. In the field inspection, the evidences of Quaternary activity like cutting and displacing of Quaternary sediments in some localities such as Deh-Molla and Tazareh valleys have been observed. This study showed that the indications of Quaternary activity are present in the whole of the region; but the North fault with a dominantly left lateral strike slip mechanism that is the eastern continuation of Astaneh fault, has a main role in Quaternary deformation. The left lateral strike slip movement on South fault is finished to east where it connects to a normal transfer fault. This latter transfer fault trends north- south and dips to east.