H. Hoseini; N. Kohansal Ghadimvad; M. Zamani Pedram; M. R. Majidifard; A. R. Shahidi
Abstract
Accumulation of Shemshak group lithofacies have been started during Early-Cimmerian orogeny from middle of Late-Triassic and ended with Middle- Cimmerian discontinuity dating Millde-Jurrasic. So the mostly Siliciclastic and occasionally Marin lithostratigraphic unite has evidences of two major tectonic ...
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Accumulation of Shemshak group lithofacies have been started during Early-Cimmerian orogeny from middle of Late-Triassic and ended with Middle- Cimmerian discontinuity dating Millde-Jurrasic. So the mostly Siliciclastic and occasionally Marin lithostratigraphic unite has evidences of two major tectonic events as orogenic activity at lower and upper border of sequence. Therefor the lower contact of Shemshak group is composed of Middle-Triassic platform carbonates known as Elika formation which distinguished with Plaeokarsts including bauxit and laterit horizons and the upper contact with parallel unconformity with Delichay formation fossiliferous marls and carbonates of Bajocian stage (Middle Jurrasic). Results of deposition environment and facies studies have shown that the mentioned siliciclastic group (Shemshak) composed of three major facies, 22 subfacies and have been deposited in three different environments including Fluvial (Terrestrial), mid-tidal and shallow marine environments. The vertical changes of facies have declared that the sequence has formed due to erosion of Early-Cimmerian uplands and have experienced progess of shallow marine. The existing shallow marine sediments in the end of Shemshak group states that, in comparison with surrounding area , clastic sediments of end of Shemshak cycle, because of erosional cycles of Middle-Cimmerian orogeny, befor deposition of Delichay marine formation, have been eroded.
M Shayanfar; M Ghorashi; S.J Ahmadi; A Saeedi; A.R Shahidi
Abstract
The existence of a sedimentary basin with a large thickness of Neogene sediments(Lower Red Formation) in the Anarak-Talmessi region of central Iran with a basement of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, high rate of erosion processes, and more importantly its safety necessity led us to define the structural ...
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The existence of a sedimentary basin with a large thickness of Neogene sediments(Lower Red Formation) in the Anarak-Talmessi region of central Iran with a basement of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, high rate of erosion processes, and more importantly its safety necessity led us to define the structural pattern and analyze its active tectonics and seimotectonics. In this regard, field observations, processing of satellite images, and investigation of eroded landforms were used. According to the lack of Qom and Upper Red Formations and faulting plus aseismic characteristics of the area up to a radial distance of 86 km, it can be concluded that a combination of a stair-step uplift-erosion system has controlled the basin, which caused its scarp shape and lack of younger sediments.
M Mirzaei Souzani; A Shahidi; R Ramezani; F Alizadeh Sevari
Abstract
In order to survey the extensional forces dominated in central Alborz since Late Triassic (Norian) to Middle Jurassic (Early-Bajocian), synsedimentary normal and strike-slip fault systems in Balladeh valley which contains significant distribution of Shemshak Group have been studied. Analysis of σ3 ...
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In order to survey the extensional forces dominated in central Alborz since Late Triassic (Norian) to Middle Jurassic (Early-Bajocian), synsedimentary normal and strike-slip fault systems in Balladeh valley which contains significant distribution of Shemshak Group have been studied. Analysis of σ3 orientation for 404 fault planes in 35 normal fault systems, show two major extension directions at NNE (020°) and NE (070°) trends during sedimentation of Shemshak Group. Also, the presence of a minor extension direction trending WNW (300°) which is coincident with extension direction of synsedimentary strike-slip fault systems implies the existence of transtentional basins in the Shemshak basin at that time. The southward movement of southern edge of Eurasia (from latitude of 30° to 15°) and its clockwise rotation for some 40°-50° during Triassic-Jurassic periods led to domination of N-S extension in early times of Shemshak Group sedimentation, and as soon as the Eurasian plate rotated, the extension direction was changed into a NE-SW trend. These separated records of paleostress axis trends are also due to the high sedimentation rates and subsidence in Norian-Rhaetian and Toarcian-Aalenian during Shemshak Group sedimentation. The minor extension trending WNW-ESE (278°-307°) is due to σ2/σ3 permutation between N-S σ3 direction of stress tensor and its σ2 axis. Low values of Φ (less than 0.4) generally correspond to situation characterized by σ2/σ3 permutation; therefor it causes multidirectional extension in extensional stress regimes. About 80 percent of sites which show WNW-ESE paleostress extension trend have low Φ values. This issue explains σ2/σ3 permutation of N-S major extension trend. The areas of mentioned stations and also those ones with strike-slip fault systems σ3 directions of which are directed WNW-ESE had high basin crustal anisotropy.
Z Hamidi Beheshti; H Alimohammadian; M Talebian; A Shahidi; M.R Ghassemi
Abstract
Geomagnetism is one of the most applied techniques of geophysics in geology. Today, this method is applied in different disciplines such as Magnetic fabric of rocks, palaeomagnetism and environmental magnetism. Each of these magnetic methods is suitable for a particular lithology. Therefore, the potential ...
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Geomagnetism is one of the most applied techniques of geophysics in geology. Today, this method is applied in different disciplines such as Magnetic fabric of rocks, palaeomagnetism and environmental magnetism. Each of these magnetic methods is suitable for a particular lithology. Therefore, the potential of sandstones of Shemshak Group, in central AlborzMountain range were examined to record their response to the application of some conventional magnetic methods. This rock unit is formed during two major tectonic events of early and middle Cimmerian and has great coverage not only in the study area but also in a vast majority of Iran. The total number of 135 oriented core samples was taken from 18 stations. In this study combination of magnetic and petrographic data are examined. The result of magnetic mineralogy analysis of all samples (except samples from stations 10 and 15) show irreversibility i.e. minerals such as hematite and magnetite, have formed during the heating stage. The results of thermal demagnetization analysis showed that ferromagnetic minerals present in the samples (except samples from stations 10, 14 and 15) have demagnetized below 400 °C and by proceeding heating, samples show zigzag pattern or show abnormal increase in susceptibility. This indicates that, the magnetic minerals are formed during heating in one stage and due to unstability lose its susceptibility in other stage. The magnetic susceptibility (Km) vary from 200-400×10-6 SI for more stations of study area, indicating abundance of paramagnetic mineral in this rock unit. From petrography point of view all the sandstone samples are classified as arenites and ratio of quartz to lithic fragment and feldspar is relatively low, which may indicate low mineral maturity. Comparison of magnetic mineralogy and thermal demagnetization data for two stations S10 and S15 show that there is an inverse potential relationship between amount of stable ferromagnetic mineral in a sample and amount of its alteration during heating stage. The results of this study reveal the poor nature of Shemshak Group sandstones for palaeomagnetic studies due to their low mineral maturity and water percolation which increase the possibility of acquisition of chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). The high sedimentation rate of sandstones cause magnetic inclination and declination error, and low ferromagnetic mineral fraction in samples, make them unsuitable to record magnetic directionsduring formation of rocks. However, abundance of paramagnetic minerals such as biotite in these rocks, proves their applicability for magnetic fabric studies.
F. Rezaie; H. Nazari; S. Rahmanian; A. R. Shahidi
Abstract
Due to the fast urban developing and construction of surface and sub-surface structures such as several subway lines, requiring the geotechnical studies on these structures is increasingly emphasized. The metropolitan Tehran, in south of the Central Alborz, lying on the set of Quaternary alluvial deposits ...
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Due to the fast urban developing and construction of surface and sub-surface structures such as several subway lines, requiring the geotechnical studies on these structures is increasingly emphasized. The metropolitan Tehran, in south of the Central Alborz, lying on the set of Quaternary alluvial deposits and surrounded by the active seismic faults such as the Northern Tehran fault in the north and the Parchin and Pishva faults in the south requires investigations to determine the bilateral relationship betweenseismic potential of the peripheral active faults andthe geotechnical characteristics of the alluvial deposits. In this study, using field and laboratory data, geotechnical characteristics of the deposits, material of soil horizons, and different parameters of them along the 27 km length of Tehran 7th subway line have been studied by provided software to calculate: bearing capacity, settlement and liquefaction potential. Based on this study, the members C and D of the Tehran alluvial deposits has relatively high resistance value and measured settlement in all areas is limited to 2.5 cm. The data of SPT indicate any likely occurrence of liquefaction of sand layers in the east - central Tehran during a seismic event.
