R Ramazani Omali; N Hafezi Moghaddas; K Heidari
Abstract
Rock falls are the usual forms of slope instability in hill slopes. The high velocity and rapid occurrence are the main differences of rock fall and other rock instability. Therefore, the rock falls are among the most destructive mass movements and results in high loss of lives and heavy damage to the ...
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Rock falls are the usual forms of slope instability in hill slopes. The high velocity and rapid occurrence are the main differences of rock fall and other rock instability. Therefore, the rock falls are among the most destructive mass movements and results in high loss of lives and heavy damage to the structures, roads, residential area, farms and etc. In this research, rock fall in rocky slopes of the TepalMountain in northwest of Shahrood city was investigated. For this, the large scale geological map of area (scale of 1:10000) was produced and joint studies in 12 sections performed. Then, the slope instability was analyzed by two methods of stereographic (using Dips 5.103 software) and analytical method (by Swedge 4.078 and rock fall 4.039 softwares). The results show that all of the slopes are stable in static conditions and become instable in dynamic state. In critical states of huge raining and earthquake intense instability will be occurred and the big problems could be created for the down area of slopes. Based on the results of analytical and using the Arc GIS 9.3 rock fall hazard zonation map was produced. In addition, by overlaying of landslide hazard map and land use map, the area affected by rock falls was distinguished. The results of this study show that Salamaty road, Mazar Shohaday Gomnam and its access road, some part of AzadiPark, the tourism hotel, some of the residential area down of the Salamaty road and some parts of the AbsharPark are located in the hazard zones.
A Ghazi; N Hafezi Moghadas; H Sadeghi; M Ghafoori; G Lashkaripour
Abstract
In this study, engineering geomorphology of MashhadCity is evaluated. For this purpose, aerial photos of the city, 180 drinking water wells and 1500 scattered geotechnical boreholes have been studied. Based on this information, the city divided into 6 geomorphologic units including rock outcrop, pediment, ...
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In this study, engineering geomorphology of MashhadCity is evaluated. For this purpose, aerial photos of the city, 180 drinking water wells and 1500 scattered geotechnical boreholes have been studied. Based on this information, the city divided into 6 geomorphologic units including rock outcrop, pediment, Golestan fan, Torough fan, southern fans and flat plain. Then, engineering geology properties of these units were investigated based on the geotechnical data sets. The geotechnical properties were evaluated just for the upper 10m of deposits. The results show predominant soil in the pediment and southern fans units is gravel, sandy and gravely soils are predominant in the Golestan fan unit, whereas clay and sand are predominant soils in the Torough fan and flat plain. In this study, earth evaluation was carried out based on the standard penetration test that shows the pediment unit has more resistance than other units. The clay minerals were determined based on the activity chart. Smectite and kaolinite are predominant clay minerals in the pediment and flat plain units, respectively.
H Gerivani; N Hafezi Moghaddas; E Haghshenas; E Abdollahi Fard
Abstract
Notwithstanding geological and geophysical surveys and studies for hydrocarbon reservoir detection cost very much, those have lots of uncertainties. Then, engineers and scientists try to find and use new methods. Recently, some studies have suggested using ambient noise as a tool for hydrocarbon reservoir ...
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Notwithstanding geological and geophysical surveys and studies for hydrocarbon reservoir detection cost very much, those have lots of uncertainties. Then, engineers and scientists try to find and use new methods. Recently, some studies have suggested using ambient noise as a tool for hydrocarbon reservoir investigation. This new passive seismic technique, named HyMas, is based on the positive energy anomaly in data spectra between 1 to 6 Hz for microtremor measurements over reservoirs, which are called hydrocarbon microtremors. Despite the acceptable results obtained by the HyMas technique, there are many unknowns, especially concerning the source and generation mechanism of hydrocarbon microtremors and the relations between reservoir characteristics and the attributes of hydrocarbon microtremors. In this study, it has been tried to review the published experiences and studies and conclude the results and findings.
H. Ghasemi; Mojtaba. Garavand; N. Hafezi Moghddas
Abstract
In this paper, the role of Gorgan metamorphic complex, as a geogenic source of the heavy metals has been investigated in the soils of south Kordkoy and Gorgan areas. For this, some important soil chemical parameters such as pH, EC, CEC, and concentrations of the heavy metals in 14 soil samples and 6 ...
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In this paper, the role of Gorgan metamorphic complex, as a geogenic source of the heavy metals has been investigated in the soils of south Kordkoy and Gorgan areas. For this, some important soil chemical parameters such as pH, EC, CEC, and concentrations of the heavy metals in 14 soil samples and 6 rock samples have been determined and interpreted. The enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, contamination factor and degree of soil contamination for the elements of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, V and Fe, have been studied. Multivariant Statistical methods including Pearson correlation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were done to study the correlations and paragenetic relations. The results shown that the average concentration of Fe (80502.86 ppm) is higher than maximum allowable concentration (70000 ppm) and located near the threshold (100000 ppm). Also, average values of V (165.09ppm) is higher than maximum allowable concentration (150 ppm) but is very lower than its threshold (450 ppm). Average values of Cr, Ni, Co and Cu are in the range of the background concentration and those for Pb, As, Mo and Cd are lower than background. Calculation of the enrichment factor indicates the low enrichment of As and Fe in these soils. Iron, with the geo-accumulation index of 0.14, is uncontaminant to slightly contaminant. Also, contamination factors of iron, cobalt and vanadium are low and overaly, in the sense of environmental quality, the soil of this area classified among uncontaminated or very low contaminated areas. The results of the statistical analysis of the heavy metal data indicate the lowest concentrations of these elements in the soils derived from pelitic schists, especially in Tuskestan valley, and the highest values of them in the soils derived from the basic igneous rocks, such as Naharkhoran valley. These results show a natural geogenic origin for the heavy metals and the role of chemical composition of the Gorgan metamorphic complex in the entrance of them in the soils of this area.
M. R. Nikudel; M. Hashemi; N. Hafezi Moghaddas; M. Khamehchiyan
Abstract
The overview of geological condition of an area is too important for land-use planning. An engineering geological model can provide this overview. In this research, based on carried out studies and investigations, a model is given that shows the general engineering geological conditions of sediments ...
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The overview of geological condition of an area is too important for land-use planning. An engineering geological model can provide this overview. In this research, based on carried out studies and investigations, a model is given that shows the general engineering geological conditions of sediments in western Caspian Sea coast. This research is based on geomorphological, geological, sedimentological, hydrogeological and geotechnical studies. In this model, land units with similar behavior are defined and then the engineering geological characteristics and relevant geological hazards of these units are quantified. This model cannot be used as detail site investigation but serves as useful tool for preliminary investigation. This model helps to better design of field surveys as well as optimal selection of investigation methods for future civil engineering projects.
M. R. Nikudel; A. Jamshidi; N. Hafezi moghaddas
Abstract
Abstract
Acid rain is one of problems due to air pollution. In areas with polluted atmosphere, SO4 and NO3 are among most important contaminator, which constitutes sulfuric and nitric acids solutions, as a result of combining with hydrogen ions. Also, these solutions are among important agents ...
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Abstract
Acid rain is one of problems due to air pollution. In areas with polluted atmosphere, SO4 and NO3 are among most important contaminator, which constitutes sulfuric and nitric acids solutions, as a result of combining with hydrogen ions. Also, these solutions are among important agents in building stones dissolution and deterioration. Regarding the involved acid and its pH, these solutions have different effects on stones. In this research, we selected 14 building stones samples of different origins. Then, in order to investigate their dissolution and deterioration and, also comparing sulfuric and nitric acids dissolving effect, we performed Durability Test up to 15 cycles, and calculated Durability Index on mentioned solutions - with pH = 1.5, 3, and 5, and also fresh water with pH = 7.3. The results show that the samples with non-carbonate composition are resistant against those acids, while the carbonate ones are not. Furthermore, comparing results of Durability Index indicates that sulfuric acid has 0.06 to 0.93% greater dissolving effect than nitric acid. In addition to, a decrease in both acids pH, leads to a greater dissolution of carbonate samples. Finally, according to obtained results, we recommended the most suitable stones for exterior façade of buildings.
N. Hafezi Moghaddas; G. A. Kazemi; H. R. Amiri Moghaddam; R. Sanchooli; F. S. Hejazi Nejad
Abstract
Olang Coal Mines in the Ghareh Chai watershed are located 100-130 km far from Gorgan and 20 km to the south of Ramian. In this research, the environmental impacts of these mines in this region including impacts on soil and water resources, slope instability and river bed erosion have been investigated. ...
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Olang Coal Mines in the Ghareh Chai watershed are located 100-130 km far from Gorgan and 20 km to the south of Ramian. In this research, the environmental impacts of these mines in this region including impacts on soil and water resources, slope instability and river bed erosion have been investigated. To evaluate the effects of mine drainage and surface pollutants, 34 water samples were collected in two different seasons, spring and summer. The samples were collected from mine drains and upstream and downstream of the junction points of such drains with streams, and subjected to analysis for chemical constituents. The results have shown that mine drainage has increased salinity and organic content of natural streams, but it has not significantly affected the concentration of heavy metals and other constituents. The most polluted samples are those located close to the dumps. This suggests that improper disposal of mine dumps, which are extensive in the area, is the main cause of soil and water pollution. Therefore, proper sealing of such dumps and optimum management of mine drainage is needed to minimize the negative impacts of coal mining. To evaluate the slope instability and land sliding associated with mining activities, first of all, the position of all land slides were located and mapped. The causes of each landslide were then identified. The analysis shows that land sliding is more common in the mining areas, and human activity together with natural causes such as geology, climate and hydrology play important roles in the occurrence of landslides.
Morteza Hashemi; M.R. Nikudel; N. Hafezi Moghaddas
Abstract
Engineering geology mapping has been central to engineering geology research since it is objectives that the project continues to develop and investigate methods for obtaining data and “mapping’ this data to be suitable for the needs of civil engineering and environmental assessments. Engineering ...
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Engineering geology mapping has been central to engineering geology research since it is objectives that the project continues to develop and investigate methods for obtaining data and “mapping’ this data to be suitable for the needs of civil engineering and environmental assessments. Engineering geological maps of Chabahar area (at a scale of 1:25,000) was prepared to provide engineering geological information as an aid in land use planning. Study area consists of tertiary deposits and studied for assessment of some parameters such as foundation condition, excavation condition, waste disposal condition, engineering geological problems and environmental problems. Data collection was done through field investigations, inclusive borehole boring, systematic sampling and field and laboratory tests. Finally, results are shown in applied geological maps.
M. Talkhablou; N. Hafezimoghaddas; M. Nikodel; A. Uromeihy; M. shafiefar
Abstract
Rocks are natural materials used in a variety of coastal protection structures, especially in rubble mound breakwaters. Engineering properties of rocks, such as durability and resistance to degradation factors of the marine environments are important properties which ...
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Rocks are natural materials used in a variety of coastal protection structures, especially in rubble mound breakwaters. Engineering properties of rocks, such as durability and resistance to degradation factors of the marine environments are important properties which construction material of marine structures should behave. Rock durability is a function of rock properties and condition of environment in which the rock will be used. Regarding the economical importance of constructed coastal ports and facilities in coast lines of south Iran, it is necessary to evaluate the engineering properties of rocky construction materials in such structures from durability and degradation point of view. In this study, by investigating and sampling the used rock material in 27 constructed rubble mound breakwaters along the 1000 km south Iran's coastlines, from Amery Port in western part to Pasabandar Port in 85 km east Chabahar, and regarding the observations that collected in field visual investigations and engineering tests of durability examination, the experimental relationship between physical, mechanical and durability parameter of studied rocks have been concluded and consequently criterion to select the suitable rock of three groups of rocks limestone, igneous rock and bioclastic sedimentary rock (lomashell) have been presented individually.
