A. Zohdi; S. A. Moallemi; M. A. Salehi
Abstract
In the Zagros sedimentary basin, the maximum thickness of the Guri Member carbonates is belonging to the eastern parts of the Bandar-Abbas region. In this research, the Guri Member in five outcrops at the Bandar-Abbas region has been sedimentological and stratigraphic studied. The Guri Member mainly ...
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In the Zagros sedimentary basin, the maximum thickness of the Guri Member carbonates is belonging to the eastern parts of the Bandar-Abbas region. In this research, the Guri Member in five outcrops at the Bandar-Abbas region has been sedimentological and stratigraphic studied. The Guri Member mainly consists of limestone with interbedded marl with a variable thickness from 540 m at the Handun outcrop to 52 m at the Nakh outcrop. According to facies study and using the 87Sr/86 Sr isotopic ratio (amounts 0.708522 and 0.708790 values) of the basal carbonate layers of this member, the beginning sedimentation of these deposits occur during the Burdigalian and Langian times within the five carbonate facies. Fieldwork observations and facies distribution suggested a shelf carbonate platform for deposition of the Guri Member at the Bandar-Abbas region. Petrographic investigation in addition to trace elements (Sr, Mn and Fe) and isotopic (oxygen and carbon) geochemical analyses, also indicate the main influence of the marine to shallow-burial diagenetic process with the marine fluids after primary deposition of the Guri Member. The comparison of the oxygen and carbon isotope values of the Guri samples with the least-altered oxygen and carbon range for the early to middle Miocene marine calcite and also the more variations of the oxygen isotope values (between -1.19‰ to -5.39‰ PDB), and lees variations of carbon isotope values (between -1.05‰ to 2.2‰ PDB), indicate the effects of shallow-burial fluids (marine-phreatic) on the carbonate of the Guri Member.
Sedimentology
S. A. Moallemi; M. A. Salehi; A. Zohdi
Abstract
In this study, the sandstones of the Razak Formation at the Finu and Hanudun outcrops and at Sarkhun Field north of Bandar-Abbas have been investigated by petrography and geochemistry analyses to discriminate provenance for determination of tectonic setting, parent rock and palaeoweathering and for comparison ...
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In this study, the sandstones of the Razak Formation at the Finu and Hanudun outcrops and at Sarkhun Field north of Bandar-Abbas have been investigated by petrography and geochemistry analyses to discriminate provenance for determination of tectonic setting, parent rock and palaeoweathering and for comparison with the Ahwaz Sandstone of Asmari Formation. The Razak Formation mainly consists of marl, sandstone, conglomerate and sandy limestone. The results of geochemical investigation of major and trace elements indicated that the sedimentation of the Razak Formation took place in an active continental margin. Provenance analysis shows that the siliciclastic sediments of the Razak Formation were largely derived from mafic and intermediate igneous, low- to high-grade metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Chemical weathering indices suggested that their source area underwent a moderate degree of chemical weathering in an arid climate. It seems that the sediments of the Razak Formation are results of erosion from a mixture of ophiolitic-igneous rocks belonging to the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, metamorphic rocks and other sedimentary strata deposited in Zagros sedimentary basin during foreland basin evolution. Wedge thickness of the Razak Formation changes from the hinterland thrust basin towards the Zagros trough and ridge basin and finally disappears in the coastal Fars region. The presence of polymictic conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone with abundant rock fragments could be considered as additional evidence for the source of Razak Formation from the Zagros imbricated zone.
J Daneshian; K Younesi; A Azad; S.A Moallemi
Abstract
Two stratigraphic sections of Tang-e-Chenarbashi (712 meters) and Tang-e-Bavolak (870 meters) in the Kabir kuh anticline were selected for investigating planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation. These sections encompass of pelagic facies and containing rich microfauna of Middle ...
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Two stratigraphic sections of Tang-e-Chenarbashi (712 meters) and Tang-e-Bavolak (870 meters) in the Kabir kuh anticline were selected for investigating planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation. These sections encompass of pelagic facies and containing rich microfauna of Middle Albian to Cenomanian. The results of this study show the age of Middle Albian for lower strata of the Sarvak Formation. First appearance of Biticinella breggiensis correspond with the onset of Upper Albian strata, and is a cosmopolitan marker for Middle and Late Albian boundary. Also, based on investigated biozones including Ticinella roberti Zone, Ticinella primula Zone, Biticinella breggiensis Zone, Rotalipora ticinensis Zone, Paracostellagerina libyca zone, Microhedbergella rischi zone, Rotalipora cushmani Zone,Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone, several paraconformities have been recognized in the examined sections.
G. Daneshian; S. A. Moallemi; A. A. Azad
Abstract
In this research, the Sarvak Formation and lower part of the Surgah Formation in Kabirkuh anticline, southeast Ilam with thickness of 897 m were studied. Prospect of changes in umbilical structures of planktonic foraminifera such as lip, ortico throughout of Albian to Turonian were investigated. The ...
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In this research, the Sarvak Formation and lower part of the Surgah Formation in Kabirkuh anticline, southeast Ilam with thickness of 897 m were studied. Prospect of changes in umbilical structures of planktonic foraminifera such as lip, ortico throughout of Albian to Turonian were investigated. The phylogenic trend shows that lip structure in primary morphogroups gradually replaced by ortico in more developed forms. The statistical analyses showed that the trend of the mentioned changes is comparable with increasing the water depth while a decrease in depth result in the development of lip in studied planktonic foraminifera. According to foraminifera and Oligosteginids, the age of examining succession is late Middle Albian to Late Turonian. The study of different type of morphotype groups in this section indicates that the fauna mostly belong to morphotypes number two and one, and then rarely number three. The studied morphotypes show that the main part of sedimentation carried out in relatively deep marine condition The results show that the Muricohedbergella frequency at lower and middle parts of the Sarvak Formation incompatible with the basin depth decrease that is specified with two decreasing peaks (sea regression). Also Favusella frequency in line with three increasing peaks (sea Transgression), and is a good index for showing the basin depth. In the final part of the sequence, the presence of Whiteinella to increase peaks which are compatible with the basin increasing depth and sea transgressive in studied section.
N. Khodaei; M. H. Adabi; S. A. Moallemi; M. Moradpour
Abstract
The Kangan Formation is a carbonate-evaporate sequence that is considered as a part of the largest carbonate reservoir in the South Pars Field at Persian Gulf. Petrography analysis led to the recognition of 5 different dolomite types: such as dolomicrite, dolomicrospar, dolospar, dolomite cement and ...
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The Kangan Formation is a carbonate-evaporate sequence that is considered as a part of the largest carbonate reservoir in the South Pars Field at Persian Gulf. Petrography analysis led to the recognition of 5 different dolomite types: such as dolomicrite, dolomicrospar, dolospar, dolomite cement and saddle dolomite. Elemental studies on dolomicrite and dolomicrospar samples show a relative increase of Sr and Na and relative decrease of Fe and Mn in comparison with the dolomicrosparite samples. It is notable that the oxygen-carbon isotope trend in dolomite samples are due to slight influence of meteoric diagenesis (about dolomites type I, II and III) and burial diagenesis (about dolomites type IV and V). The dolomicrites have been undergone slight meteoric diagenesis, although they have formed in sabkha environment. The source of Mg for dolomicrites is the magnesium of seawater and interstitial waters equilibrium with seawater and on the other hand probably for the coarser grain dolomites in the Kangan Formation is connate waters and basinal brines. Based on the heaviest oxygen isotope in dolomicrite samples, paleotemperature of depositional environment of the Kangan Formation was around 44.5°C.
M. H. Adabi; M. Khatibi Mehr; A. Moallemi; A. Sadeghi; M. A. Salehi
Abstract
The Ziyarat Formation is an Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene carbonate sequences, located in North of Tochal Village (south-east of Tehran), near Emam Zadeh Abdollah. The Ziyarat Formation with the total thickness of 212.5 m conformably overlies the Fajan conglomerate and is overlain by greenish tufaceous ...
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The Ziyarat Formation is an Upper Paleocene to Middle Eocene carbonate sequences, located in North of Tochal Village (south-east of Tehran), near Emam Zadeh Abdollah. The Ziyarat Formation with the total thickness of 212.5 m conformably overlies the Fajan conglomerate and is overlain by greenish tufaceous siltstone of the Karj Formation. Petrographic studies led to the recognition of 11 microfacies. Different facies and evidences such as the absence of reefal facies, calciturbidite deposits, and widespread tidal flat deposits indicate that the Ziyarat Formation was deposited in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. Micritization, cementation, compaction, neomorphism, dissolution, dolomitization, fracturing and silicification are the major diagenetic processes in the Ziyarat Formation, occurring in meteoric and burial diagenetic environments. Major and minor elements and oxygen and carbon isotope values indicate that Ziyarat carbonates were deposited in a shallow warm water tropical environment and original carbonate mineralogy was aragonite. Bivariate plots of Mn versus Sr/Ca and δ18O illustrate that Ziyarat limestones were affected by open system diagenesis with high water/rock interaction. Early burial diagenetic temperature calculation based on heaviest oxygen isotope values of micrite and δw of Eocene seawater of 0.85 SMOW, shows that temperature was around 39˚C. Cathodluminescence studies of carbonate cements illustrated dull luminescence, because these carbonates afftected by both meteoric and burial diagenesis, and thus typical yellow to orange luminescence and zonations, evidence of meteoric diagenesis, are absent. This statement is confirmed by isotropic evidences.
