M. Morsali; M. Nakhaie; M. Rezaie; H. R. Naseri; J. Hassanpour
Abstract
Tehran- Karaj water conveyance tunnel (part 1), 16 kilometers in length, in the Karaj formation was excavated in order to convey the water from the Amir-Kabir dam to the Tehran refinery plant. The hydrogeology studies of the Karaj tunnel were done to discover the affecting parameters on the groundwater ...
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Tehran- Karaj water conveyance tunnel (part 1), 16 kilometers in length, in the Karaj formation was excavated in order to convey the water from the Amir-Kabir dam to the Tehran refinery plant. The hydrogeology studies of the Karaj tunnel were done to discover the affecting parameters on the groundwater inflow into the tunnel. Groundwater inflow was estimated by means of empirical and analytical methods. Daily measurements of inflow rate show that there are some differences between the calculated and the observed inflow value. In this research, based on the comparison between the observed and calculated groundwater inflow, some relations have been derived for similar hydrogeological conditions. In many hydrogeological conditions, the analytical equations are supervised on empirical formula. According to this research, addition to permeability and water head; geological structure, Precipitation and bedding dip have a significant effect in water inflow into tunnels. Also, most of groundwater inflow along the Karaj tunnel is largely related to the main geological features, such as folds, faults, dykes and open fractures and inflow is correlated with precipitation.
H. R. Nassery; Z. Kayhomayoon; M. Nakhaei
Abstract
Hydrochemical properties of water resources in Lenjanat plain and the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors have been determined. For this purpose, 162 water samples including groundwater, surface water and industrial wastewater seasonally in 1387 were collected. The results of field and laboratory ...
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Hydrochemical properties of water resources in Lenjanat plain and the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors have been determined. For this purpose, 162 water samples including groundwater, surface water and industrial wastewater seasonally in 1387 were collected. The results of field and laboratory measurements of physicochemical parameters, major, minor and trace elements show that the high EC (561-11390 μS/cm) in groundwater is due to high concentration of major elements (Na, Ca, Cl and SO4). Specific elements of evaporates and carbonate deposits (B, Ba, Br, Sr, I and Li) are higher concentrations than the other minor and trace elements measured in the aquifer. Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), hydrogeochemical graphs, certain ratios and saturation index from geochemical modeling indicates that the dissolution of evaporation deposits (halite and gypsum) and cation exchange are the most important processes affecting the chemical composition of groundwater. The results of applying statistical techniques (factor and cluster analysis) confirmed water/rock interaction in the aquifer and show the effect of human activities on groundwater quality by increasing NO3 ion. Concentration of nitrogen compounds and the presence of bacteria indicate the impact of agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater on the Zayandehrud River. Industrial sewage has no affect on groundwater quality.
