Sedimentology
Hoda Bavi; Reza Moussavi-Haramia; Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy-Gharaie; Hamed Zand-Moghadam; Asadollah Mahboubi; Mohammad Reza Tohidi
Abstract
The geochemical separation pattern and environmental behavior of rare earth elements (ΣREE) have been investigated in 5 different sedimentary systems related to the Dar-e-Allo copper mine. For this purpose, the total concentration and sequential patterns of ΣREE elements were determined using ...
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The geochemical separation pattern and environmental behavior of rare earth elements (ΣREE) have been investigated in 5 different sedimentary systems related to the Dar-e-Allo copper mine. For this purpose, the total concentration and sequential patterns of ΣREE elements were determined using multi-acid digestion and mBCR (Modified Community Bureau of Reference, European Commission) selective extraction method. The normalization patterns of the total concentration of ΣREE are drawn based on the average North American Shale Composition (NASC) and Upper Continental Crust (UCC). General trends of concentration changes in the five sedimentary systems are very similar to each other, and the concentration of LREEs is higher than that HREEs, just a sample taken from under the rock dump that contains sulfide-leached elements shows a pattern different from other samples and standard patterns. Opposite of the changes in the concentration of ΣREEs, more enrichment is seen in HREEs compared to LREEs. This pattern of enrichment changes is consistent with the higher tendency of HREEs than LREEs for mobility during weathering and oxidation. The geochemical separation patterns of ΣREEs in natural sediment and samples containing iron and manganese oxides are mainly dominated by the residual fraction. Surprisingly, considering the different conditions of formation and stability in the samples taken from the waterways leading to the mine, evaporite deposits and sediments washed from the rock dump, the separation pattern of ΣREEs is controlled mainly with two parts soluble in Acid and reducible fraction. According to the enrichment trends, the trend of mobility and bioavailability from LREEs to HREEs increases with an upward slope. These results show that speciation, geochemical separation pattern and environmental behavior for ΣREEs without considering key environmental factors lead to a lack of understanding or even misinterpretation. The results of this study can be used as a reference in organizing the mine development and environmental planning of the Dar-e-Allo copper mine.
Petroleum geology
Haniyeh Ghayeni; Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy-Gharaie
Abstract
Investigating the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Kazhdumi Formation, as the most important oil source rock in the Zagros sedimentary basin, is of great importance. The expansion of the Kazhdumi Formation in the Zagros Basin has been associated with differences in sedimentation depth of the basin ...
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Investigating the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Kazhdumi Formation, as the most important oil source rock in the Zagros sedimentary basin, is of great importance. The expansion of the Kazhdumi Formation in the Zagros Basin has been associated with differences in sedimentation depth of the basin leading to varieties in sedimentary facies and the organic matter preservations. Five black shale samples from Perchestan and Tang-E Maghar sections were selected for analysis by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and were compared to the data of 25 Kazhdumi samples from different oil fields of Nowrouz, Soroush, Azadegan and Chah-E Binak, previously studied in the Zagros Basin. Additionally, sedimentary environment and depositional conditions were investigated. Sedimentary and geochemical evidences indicate a dominant condition of high organic content shale deposition in the reducing to semi-oxidative environments. The values obtained for total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 1.2 to 6.9%. Examination of the thermal maturity of the samples showed a wide range from the immature range to the middle oil window, which are often in the range of type II and III kerogens. Finally, the drawing of the TOC vs. S2 diagram represents the higher hydrocarbon generation potential of the Kazhdumi Formation in the Tang-E Magher section, and the TOC vs. HI diagram shows the greater oil generation in the Soroush field, compared to the other studied areas.
Hydrology
Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy Gharaie; Najmeh Rokhashmah; Asadollah Mahboubi; Seyed Reza Moussavi Harami
Abstract
The aims of this study are water quality assessment for drinking and industrial usages with refer to affective factors on water chemistry in North of Quchan plain, Razavi Khorasan province. 17 groundwater samples were collected for major cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+) and anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-) analysis. ...
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The aims of this study are water quality assessment for drinking and industrial usages with refer to affective factors on water chemistry in North of Quchan plain, Razavi Khorasan province. 17 groundwater samples were collected for major cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+) and anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-) analysis. According to Piper diagram, chemical composition of water samples is 29.4% Ca-SO4, 23.5% Na-SO4, 23.5% Mg-SO4, 11.8% Na-HCO3 and 5.8% Mg-HCO3. Based on Gibbs diagram, the main controlling process of the water composition is mainly water-rock interactions (weathering), rather than evaporation and precipitation. Schoeller diagram shows that most of water samples are categorized in moderate and acceptable classes. Also, based on water quality index (WQI), 70.59 % water samples are suitable for drinking usage. Increasing in SO42- concentration reduced the water quality for drinking purposes. Langelier index (LSI) shows 82.35 % water samples are scale forming and 17.65 % are corrosive. Scale forming of the water are due to high TH induced by carbonate dissolution (of Mozdouran and Tirgan Formations). In addition, corrosive property of some water samples is due to gypsum dissolution (from Shoorigeh Formation) and increasing of sulfate concentration in the groundwater.
E Khazaei; M.H Mahmudy Gharaie; A Mahboubi; J Taheri
Abstract
The studied section in SW Kashmar located in Tabas block of central Iran sedimentary - structural zone. According to field observations and petrography, two sets of siliciclastic and carbonate facies were distinguished. Three lithofacies were identified based on the field parameters such as lithology, ...
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The studied section in SW Kashmar located in Tabas block of central Iran sedimentary - structural zone. According to field observations and petrography, two sets of siliciclastic and carbonate facies were distinguished. Three lithofacies were identified based on the field parameters such as lithology, geometry, sedimentary structures, layering surfaces and bedding contacts. Three lithofacies including conglomerate (Gcm, Gp), Sandstone (St, Sr, Sh, Sl, Sm), muddy (Fl), four petrofacies (polymictic orthoconglomerate 1 and 2, arkosic wacke, and subarkose as well as four microfacies associations of open marine, shoal, lagoon, tidal flat were identified based on microscopic features such as grain type, grain size and texture. Based on finning upward Bouma cycles, erosional surface and greywacke composition, siliciclastic sediments of upper part of the Shirgesht Formation are deposited in turbidity conditions. Present of hummocky stratification, finning upward cycles with shellbeds at the base of units revealed that carbonate rocks of lower part of the Niur Formation are deposited in a shallow ramp storm - dominated. The regional tectonic, expansion of glaciers and melting led to environmental changes during Upper Ordovician – Early Silurian transition in the studied region.
A Abdi; M.H Mahmudy Gharaie; M Kariminia; A Karimi Bavandpur; M Mohajjel
Abstract
In Kermanshah Radiolarites, Jurassic to late Cretaceous in age, three sedimentary facies including tempestite, pelagic mudstone, and radiolarian wackestone-packstone were identified. Each of these sedimentary facies accompanies by ichnofacies, which reveal the depth and energy of the environment. In ...
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In Kermanshah Radiolarites, Jurassic to late Cretaceous in age, three sedimentary facies including tempestite, pelagic mudstone, and radiolarian wackestone-packstone were identified. Each of these sedimentary facies accompanies by ichnofacies, which reveal the depth and energy of the environment. In the tempestites (including calclithite bed, flat pebble conglomerate and hummocky cross stratification) the trace fossils with Domichnia such as Thalassinoides can be observed, which indicate the energetic conditions at the time of sedimentation. Trace fossils found in pelagic limestone units have Pascichnia and Fodinichnia. These Trace fossils include Planolites, Chondrites and Helminthopsis, which indicate distal Cruziana ichnofacies and show low energy condition. As a result of increasing of depth in siliceous deposits, the trace fossils with Pascichnia and Chemichnia including Scolicia, Helminthopsis, Gyrochorte and Chondrites, and Thalassinoides become dominant, which are indicative of the transitional zone between the distal Cruziana ichnofacies and the Zoophycos ichnofacies. The sedimentary facies and the present ichnofacies are indicative of the sedimentation of these deposits in the transitional zone between the middle and the outer ramp.
S.Z Pourheidar; A Mahboubi; M.H Mahmudy Gharaie; S.R Moussavi Harami
Abstract
The Mozduran Formation in west of the Kopet-Dagh basin, NE Jajarm, is mainly composed of dolostone in top and base, and mudstone to grainstone limestones in the middle parts of Cheshme-Khan section. This formation in the Qezel-Tapeh2 well is composed of alternative limestone and shale layers. Based on ...
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The Mozduran Formation in west of the Kopet-Dagh basin, NE Jajarm, is mainly composed of dolostone in top and base, and mudstone to grainstone limestones in the middle parts of Cheshme-Khan section. This formation in the Qezel-Tapeh2 well is composed of alternative limestone and shale layers. Based on the facies studies, four carbonate facies associations (open marine, barrier, lagoon and tidal flat) have been identified, including fifteen carbonate microfacies and two siliciclastic lithofacies. It is interpreted that the Mozduran Formation in this area were deposited in a homoclinal ramp of a carbonate platform. The sequence stratigraphy analysis led to distinguish five depositional sequences in the Cheshme-Khan section and four depositional sequences in the Qezel-Tapeh2 well. The lower boundary of the 1st sequence (paleosol layar in the Cheshme-Khan section) and the upper boundary of the latest sequence (continental deposits) of both sections are a "type 1" sequence boundaries, but other boundaries are interpreted to be a "type 2" sequence boundaries. The relative sea-level curve of the study area comparing to the global sea-level curve, shows a relatively correlation and some differences can probably be related to regional tectonic setting of the Kopet-Dagh basin due to subsidence along the longitudinal faults and sediment loading.
D Dehnavi; S.R Moussavi-Harami; M.H Mahmudy Gharaie; F Ghaemi; F Ghaemi
Abstract
For understanding parent rocks, tectonics setting, paleoweathering condition and classification of Binalood’s Oligocene deposits, the petrography analysis was done, on samples from Damanjan and Baghshan-Gach sections, north of Neyshabour. 14 sandstones and 6 shale samples from both sections were ...
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For understanding parent rocks, tectonics setting, paleoweathering condition and classification of Binalood’s Oligocene deposits, the petrography analysis was done, on samples from Damanjan and Baghshan-Gach sections, north of Neyshabour. 14 sandstones and 6 shale samples from both sections were analyzed for major elements. Petrographic studies and geochemical data show that these sandstones are Litharenite to lithic arkose and have been deposited in tectonics setting including active continental margin for Damanjan section and continental island arc for Baghshan-Gach section with felsic to intermediate source. Based on elemental analysis, paleoweathering condition was relatively weak at the time of deposition in both sections; however, paleoweathering was stronger in Damanjan than Baghshan –Ghch sections. Also, using petrographic and elemental data, it can be concluded that the paleoclimate was semi-humid to semi-arid at the time of deposition.
L. Fateh Bahari; M.H. Mahmoudi Gharaei; A. Mahboubi; R. Moussavi-Harami
Abstract
Ab-Deraz Formation (Turonian to Santonian) is a marly - Carbonates sequence consists of three marl-chalky limestones intervals. This formation widely crops out in Kopet-Dagh Basin in NE of Iran. Chalk and calcareous marl couplets show decimeter to meter scale cycles. Carbonate content of chalky beds ...
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Ab-Deraz Formation (Turonian to Santonian) is a marly - Carbonates sequence consists of three marl-chalky limestones intervals. This formation widely crops out in Kopet-Dagh Basin in NE of Iran. Chalk and calcareous marl couplets show decimeter to meter scale cycles. Carbonate content of chalky beds are 80-95% in rhythmic couplets, and about 65-80% in calcareous marly beds. The Ab-Deraz Formation is studied in tow Hamam-Ghale and Padeha outcrops, and also in well No.56 of Khangiran. Three dominate frequency of sediments are identified based on gamma ray log, which are related to three type of Milankovitch cycles including the long eccentricity (413 ka), eccentricity (100 ka) and precession (21-23 ka) cycles. Biostratigraphic age determination based on foraminifera is comparable with orbital chronology calculated by on eeccentricity cycles counting. These cycles are also correlated with carbonate contents in studied sections.
