Economic Geology
Fattaneh Pourmohammad; Hossein Kouhestani; Amir Morteza Azimzadeh; Ghasem Nabatian; Mir Ali Asghar Mokhtari
Abstract
Mianaj Fe ore occurrence is located in the Takab-Angouran-Takht-e-Soleyman metallogenic zone, 100 km southwest of Zanjan. In this area, Fe mineralization occurs as lens-shaped bodies parallel to the foliation of schist and rhyolitic meta-tuff units (equal to Kahar Formation). Based on mineralography, ...
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Mianaj Fe ore occurrence is located in the Takab-Angouran-Takht-e-Soleyman metallogenic zone, 100 km southwest of Zanjan. In this area, Fe mineralization occurs as lens-shaped bodies parallel to the foliation of schist and rhyolitic meta-tuff units (equal to Kahar Formation). Based on mineralography, ore mineral is magnetite, and quartz present as gangue mineral at Mianaj. The ore minerals show disseminated, laminated, banded, massive, vein-veinlet and replacement textures. Three stages of mineralization can be distinguished at Mianaj. The first stage is recognized as stratiform and stratabound lenses, laminated and disseminated crystals of magnetite parallet to the foliation of host rocks. Stage-2 mineralization is recognized by folding of ore bands, σ microfabric and boudinage of magnetite crystals, quartz pressure shadows and surrounding of foliation around magnetite crystals, and recrystallization of quartz and magnetite crystals. Stage-3 is recognized by quartz vein-veinlets that cut previous mineralization stages. Chondrite-nonmineralized REE pattern of host rocks and the mineralized samples indicate that mineralized samples are depleted in REE. This signature indicates mobility of REE by Cl and F-rich oxidized fluids during mineralization processes. Characteristics of Mianaj occurrence are comparable with metamorphosed and deformed volcano-sedimentary type of iron deposits.
M Boveiri Konari; E Rastad; N Rashidnejad-Omran
Abstract
Lower Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence in the northwest and southeast of Safashahr (Dehbid) in marginal subzone of southern Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone comprises the Keshtmahaki deposit and few other occurrences of copper (-silver). The oldest rock units in the region are Jurassic shale and sandstone, ...
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Lower Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence in the northwest and southeast of Safashahr (Dehbid) in marginal subzone of southern Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone comprises the Keshtmahaki deposit and few other occurrences of copper (-silver). The oldest rock units in the region are Jurassic shale and sandstone, which are unconformably overlain by the Lower Cretaceous progressive sequence with basal conglomerate, sandstone and silty shale. Copper (-Ag) mineralization occurred in the Lower Cretaceous pyroclastics and volcanic lava. The host rock is a crystal lithic tuff with trachyandesite-andesite affinity in which the stratabound and lenticular ore body is extended discontinuously over 35 km that laterally and vertically changed into orbitolina limestone. Ore minerals include chalcocite, bornite, native copper, digenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, Ag-bearing clausthalite, covellite, anilite, malachite and azurite. Ore textures and structures are open space filling, vein-veinlet, replacement, disseminated and laminated-like. The lithogeochemical studies in 6 lithostratigraphic profiles from NW to SE of Safashahr indicated Cu (-Ag) mineralization occurrence in a specific stratigraphic unit and a positive relationship with Zn. The lithological, mineralogical, lithogeochemical and microscopic investigations revealed that mineralization initially occurred contemporaneously with volcanism in volcano-sedimentary sequences (absorption of Cu by ferric hydroxide, clay minerals and replacement in feldspar lattice) and then in burial diagenesis during dehydration of pyroclastic and detrital units and alteration resulting from this hydrothermal fluid, Cu released and transported by hydrothermal diagenesis fluids. When this ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid received by the rock unit with high permeability (pyrite-bearing crystal lithic tuff) and reduced conditions resulted from abundance of pyite, replaced them as copper sulphide minerals. S isotopic data of sulphidic minerals indicated that the bacterially sulfate reduction of sea water as an important role provided the nessecary sulfur for sulfide mineralization. Geochemical features of volcanic and pyroclastic units indicated that they formed in an intra-arc rift. On the basis of this study and with respect to some evidences such as tectonic setting, host rock, lenticular shape of the ore body, structure and texture as well as mineral paragenesis we suggest that Keshtmahaki Cu (-Ag) mineralization and surrounding occurrences are Volcanic Red Bed (VRB) type deposit that formed and concentrated contemporaneously with submarine volcanism to deep burial diagenesis processes.
M. Abdi; Majid Ghaderi; N. Rashidnejad-Omran; E. Rastad
Abstract
Azna tungsten (copper) ore occurrence is located 2 km west of Azna, in Lorestan province. The region is placed in Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone of Iran, at the complex deformation sub-zone. In this area, tungsten-copper mineralization occurs as stratiform-stratabound in mylonitic meta-rhyolite and ...
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Azna tungsten (copper) ore occurrence is located 2 km west of Azna, in Lorestan province. The region is placed in Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone of Iran, at the complex deformation sub-zone. In this area, tungsten-copper mineralization occurs as stratiform-stratabound in mylonitic meta-rhyolite and semi-pelitic country rock within upper Triassic volcano sedimentary sequence. The sequence consists of meta-rhyodacite, amphibolite (basic meta-volcanic), black schist, meta-rhyolite and pelitic schist with a predominance of volcanics over sediments. Ore mineral textures cover a wide variety from laminated, disseminated, choloform, bounded to open space filling. Mineralization occurs in several stages concentrated through regional (medium to high grade facies) metamorphism, folding and mylonitization of shear zone (ductile) and fractures of brittle deformation events. In this ore occurrence, metamorphism and deformations process had confused detection of proximal or distal mineralization. But base of comparison of Azna tungsten mineralization with both typical proximal on Felbertal and Austroalpine and distal on Broken Hill and Kleinarltal tungsten mineralizations has shown that they are more similar to the proximal mineral deposits.
