M. Yazdi; H. R. Pakzad; M. Mashkour; R. Elhami; M. Javeri; F. Biglari
Abstract
Determining and studying collected lithic assemblages, biota remains and deposited beds (regarding to sedimentology) of two rock shelters in the age of Late Pleistocene to recent interval in central Iran were the aims of this research. Mobarekeh (Qaleh Bozi) and Yekeh Chah (near Golpayegan) are two sites ...
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Determining and studying collected lithic assemblages, biota remains and deposited beds (regarding to sedimentology) of two rock shelters in the age of Late Pleistocene to recent interval in central Iran were the aims of this research. Mobarekeh (Qaleh Bozi) and Yekeh Chah (near Golpayegan) are two sites in which remains of consumed and hunted biota by human were checked by this research. Lithic assemblages are studied considering their sources. Mousterian lithic assemblages from Qaleh Bozi caves and rock shelters (HassanAbadCaves) are made of silica pebbles (limestone with Nummulite or cherty beds in the age of Paleocene to Eocene time interval) that hominids had collected from the Zayandeh Rud River in the Middle Paleolithic Period. Finally it should be stated that lithic artifacts in Yekeh Chah are mostly Quartzite sandy shale (probably belong to Jurassic). Black beds (charcoal lenses) in Qaleh Bozi and Yekeh Chah caves were sampled and washed for Determining biota remains and sedimentary components. All washed samples from two localities had remains of: burned wood (charcoal), large vertebrate mammals (mostly horse), vertebrate and micro vertebrates (fish, rodent, reptile and amphibian), egg of birds, seeds and grass. SEM photos related to hunted and consumed birds’ beak and nails from Mobarekeh and Yekeh Chah confirmed that the food of man in those localities could be similar. This research is first report the presence of hunter-gatherer hominids in Central Iran (Mousterian). Lithic assemblages are collected from Separab Naein in the age of Mesolithic and from Tapeh Ashena (Chadegan) in the age of Neolithic as well.
N. Abbassi; A. Amini
Abstract
The Thalassinoides bearing calcareous sandstone and sandy limestones of Oligocene age unconformably overlay the Eocene volcaniclastic rocks and gradually pass into the lacustrine sediments (Miocene? in age) in the study area. These layers are dominated by Thalassinoides ...
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The Thalassinoides bearing calcareous sandstone and sandy limestones of Oligocene age unconformably overlay the Eocene volcaniclastic rocks and gradually pass into the lacustrine sediments (Miocene? in age) in the study area. These layers are dominated by Thalassinoides suevicus (Rieth 1932) in the Y shaped boxwork cylindrical and bifurcating burrows, which are mainly filled actively by trace maker(s). The bioturbations in the layers are categorized into five ichnofabric classes, which are equal to standard ichnofabric indexes of 1 to 5. Frequency of the ichnofabric classes are 40.37, 15.9, 8.85, 4.97 and 29.9 percents, respectively. Ichnofabric variations of the studied layers are arranged in seven bioturbated upward cycles, which are divided into two groups. The first group shows low ichnofabric fluctuations and a constancy in the bioturbation, where the second group shows high ichnofabrics fluctuations and variability in the bioturbation. Results from the study show that the Thalassinoides in the studied section formed in conditions similar to those of Cruziana and Glossifungites ichnofacies.
F. Karimzadeh; M. H. Adabi
Abstract
Carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary sequences of Sorkh Shale and Shotori Formations ( Lower and Middle Triassic) with a total thickness of 870 m , have a gradational and conformable contacts, at Behabad region of Bafgh in Central Iran. At the beginning of this sequence, shale, ...
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Carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary sequences of Sorkh Shale and Shotori Formations ( Lower and Middle Triassic) with a total thickness of 870 m , have a gradational and conformable contacts, at Behabad region of Bafgh in Central Iran. At the beginning of this sequence, shale, siltstone and sandstone gradually change into dolomitic carbonates of tidal flat sub-environment. Thick layered or massive sequence of mainly dolomitic rocks of Shotori Formation, are transitionally overlain by a limestone member namely Espahak limestone. Based on petrographic studies, four different types of dolomites (based on shape, crystal size and crystal boundaries), have been recognized. Dolomite type 1 (dolomicrite) formed during the first stage of sedimentation and under surface temperature, this is very early diagenetic dolomite. The other types, having coarse crystal size, formed during shallow to deep burial environments. Change of composition and temperature of dolomitizing fluids at several stages of diagenesis (early to late ) led to formation of different types of Shotori dolomites. On the basis of geochemical studies (elemental analysis such as Ca, Mg, Sr, Na and stable isotopes such as ,), formation of these dolomites occurred in a reducing environment and increasing temperature. The source of Mg is sea water for dolomite type 1, but for the other types of dolomites, Mg provided was by clay minerals diagenesis and basinal brine. The results of XRD and XRF on chlorite and montmorillonite clay minerals of Sorhk Shale Formation show a decrease in MgO content from 36% and 84% respectively compared to standard clay minerals. This reduction is due to diagenesis of clay minerals that exist in shales and Mg was originated from overlain layers. Measurement of organic carbon contents of dolomites and limestones showed that dolomites have several times more organic carbon than limestones. This information confirm that limestones rich in organic matter, are more susceptible to dolomitization. Microbial structures such as stromatolites, in the Shotori Formation have major role in trapping of organic matters. The calculated paleotemperature for the formation of early dolomites is about and for late diagenetic dolomite is .
F. Tutti; S. Yazdani; K. Bazargani-Guilani
Abstract
South Kahrizak volcanic rocks with Eocene age are located in the north part of Central Iran. These rocks are mainly composed of pyroclastics (tuff and ignimbrites) and lava flows (rhyolite, trachyandesite, basaltic trachyandesite and basalt). Petrographic evidence such as: zoning, ...
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South Kahrizak volcanic rocks with Eocene age are located in the north part of Central Iran. These rocks are mainly composed of pyroclastics (tuff and ignimbrites) and lava flows (rhyolite, trachyandesite, basaltic trachyandesite and basalt). Petrographic evidence such as: zoning, sieve texture and rounded crystals in plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts show the non-equilibrium conditions between melt and crystals during magma cooling. Geochemical characteristics indicate that these rocks locate in the subalkaline to alkaline domain. The highly enrichment of LREE compared to HREE, high content of LILE relative to HFSE and significant anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti reveal the characteristics of a subduction - related volcanism. Whereas, the alkaline affinity of rocks shows that they may have formed in an extentional region, most probably a back-arc basin.
L. Bakhshandeh; A. Aghanabati; T. Mohtat
Abstract
The first studied Abtalkh Formation with Campanian – Maastrichtian age is well exposed in Kopeh Dagh area (Mozduran section). This formation conformably underlain carbonates of Abderaz Formation and overlain by Neyzar sandeston Formation, both formations have a gradual contact.
The second studied ...
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The first studied Abtalkh Formation with Campanian – Maastrichtian age is well exposed in Kopeh Dagh area (Mozduran section). This formation conformably underlain carbonates of Abderaz Formation and overlain by Neyzar sandeston Formation, both formations have a gradual contact.
The second studied formation so called Echinid marl formation of Santonian –Late Campanian age is exposed in Baharestan section, Central Iran, Esfehan area.
Based on 100 studied samples, there are litological and paleontological similarities between Abtalkh and Echinid marl formations. These evidences support strongly paleoecological and environmental similarities.
This ascertainment shows the close relation between the Kopeh Dagh and Central Iranbasins.
The fossil evidences found in both sections are as follow:
Globotruncana ventricosa (White), Globotruncanita elevata (Brotzen)
Globotruncana arca (Cushman), Globotruncanita stuartiformis (Dalbiez)
Globotruncana bulloides Volger, Globotruncana lapparenti Brotzen
Globotruncanita calcarata (Cushman), Globotruncana linneiana (d' Orbigny)
L. Bakhshandeh; A. Aghanabati; F. Keshani; T. Mohtat
Abstract
To revise the Abderaz Formation in Koppeh-Dagh basin, its type section was studied considering stratigraphical properties. The main lithology of Abderaz Formation includes gray to blue shale with a thickness of 286.86 meters. This Formation has an attitude of N 45˚ W and 80˚ ...
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To revise the Abderaz Formation in Koppeh-Dagh basin, its type section was studied considering stratigraphical properties. The main lithology of Abderaz Formation includes gray to blue shale with a thickness of 286.86 meters. This Formation has an attitude of N 45˚ W and 80˚ SW. Its lower boundary with Aitamir Formation is unconformable and upper boundary with Abtalkh Formation conformable.
In this study, 58 planktonic species of 26 genuses were identified and presented. The age of Abderaz Formation, based on the identified planktonic foraminifera, was determined from Early Turonian to Early Campanian. Planktonic foraminifera fossils found in Abderaz Formation are more abundant than benthic foraminifera ones that show deep sea and continental slope environment.
Regarding the foraminifera content of the Abderaz Formation, 7 biozones were determined in the Mozduran section (Kopeh-Dagh) which shows Early Turonian – Early Campanian age for Abderaz Formation.