Petrology
manijeh Asadpour; Soraya Heuss
Abstract
Acidic patches with alkali-granite nature have been intruded within the mafic rocks of the Qushchi complex (70 Km north of Urmia city). This area is northwestern part of the SSz zone with Precambrian basement. These granits have high amounts of K2O and SiO2 (over 70 wt%). Dating by U-Pb age of zircon ...
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Acidic patches with alkali-granite nature have been intruded within the mafic rocks of the Qushchi complex (70 Km north of Urmia city). This area is northwestern part of the SSz zone with Precambrian basement. These granits have high amounts of K2O and SiO2 (over 70 wt%). Dating by U-Pb age of zircon grains show 303.4 ± 2.2 Ma, indicating late Carboniferous - early Permian magma activity. The presence of older cores in some of zircon grains with age between 400 to 600 Ma, indicate presence of older rocks in the study area. The whole-rock isotopic analysis show negative initial Nd (t) = -1.3 with TDM = 1.61. These data provide evidence for partial melting of crust (with Neoproterozoic- Cambrian age) in early Permian. The 87Sr/86Sr = 0.752348 and εNd = -1.4 of whole rock and Th/U (>0.5) values in zircons show the involvement of more crustal and less mantle components, during the opening of Neo-Tethys Ocean. Due to the same mineralogical and geochemical composition and homogeneity with Qushchi granite, it is inferred that these patches are genetically related to Qushchi granite and are A type granite.
M. Asadpour; S. Heuss
Abstract
The Ghalghachi leucogranite intrussion with approximately 2 Km2 is located in west Urmia Lake and 70 Km north of Urmia city. This intrussion in form of small stock has intruded into Precambrian metamorphic rocks including gneiss, schist and amphibolite. This area is part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in ...
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The Ghalghachi leucogranite intrussion with approximately 2 Km2 is located in west Urmia Lake and 70 Km north of Urmia city. This intrussion in form of small stock has intruded into Precambrian metamorphic rocks including gneiss, schist and amphibolite. This area is part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in northwestern of Iran. This is the first time that age of leucogranite was determined by LA-ICP-MS zircon grains 558.6 ± 3.8 Ma that indicates acidic magmatic activity and the presence of Pan-African basement similar to the central Iran. The presence of older cores in some of zircon grains with age between 900 to 2500 Ma suggest the presence of older rocks in the study area. The rock show negative initial eNd (t) values of -4.3 with TDM 1.61 that are consistent with partial melting of a primary crust (with Paleoprotrozoic age) that was formed during the Neoproterozoic the same as Arabian Shield. The 87Sr/86Sr and εNd of whole rock and Th/U values in zircons show the involvement of more crustal and less mantle components, during the opening of Paleotethys Ocean.
S. M. Heidari; M. Ghaderi; H. Kouhestani
Abstract
Arabshah gold deposit formed through hydrothermal activity with an age of ~11 Ma (based on zircon U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS), in northwestern Iran. This hydrothermal activity is a part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), leading to mineralization in this area, similar to Zarshouran, Aghdarreh ...
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Arabshah gold deposit formed through hydrothermal activity with an age of ~11 Ma (based on zircon U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS), in northwestern Iran. This hydrothermal activity is a part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), leading to mineralization in this area, similar to Zarshouran, Aghdarreh and Sarigunay gold deposits. Host rocks are a series of lower Paleozoic sedimentary sequences, cut by calc-alkaline to alkaline (high potassium) dacitic domes. Gold mineralization is mainly observed as vein-veinlets, open space filling, disseminated and brecciation in the deposit. The mineralization in terms of hydrothermal alteration (decalcification, minor argillic, sulfidization, dolomitization and silicification) and mineralization development process is associated with brecciation and deposition of base metal sulfides, iron, arsenic and antimony, similar to deposits associated with geothermal systems (low sulfidation epithermal) in volcanic arcs, but the host rock here is sedimentary. Sulfide minerals in the ore include pyrite, arsenopyrite, orpiment and realgar, stibnite, galena, sphalerite and minor amounts of chalcopyrite. Gold mineralization occurred in the form of released grains of oxidized pyrite, the tiny (invisible) in the sulfide phases such as arsenian pyrite for solid solution. The Arabshah deposit shows characteristic alteration assemblages and ore minerals (As, Sb, Hg, base metals) of epithermal low sulfidation deposits. It has been formed in relation to the mid-upper Miocene, high-level magmatic-hydrothermal activity within an extensional regime at the last stages of the UDMA activity in northwestern Iran.
Petrology
M. Sadeghian; S. H. Hosseini; A. Hemmati; S. Shekari
Abstract
Granitoid plutons of SW Mayamey (60 Km east of Shahrood), located at the most northern margin of the central Iran structural zone, have granite composition (in general) and calk alkaline and peralouminous nature. In spite of coverage of these granitoids by Late Triassic – Early Jurassic sedimentary ...
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Granitoid plutons of SW Mayamey (60 Km east of Shahrood), located at the most northern margin of the central Iran structural zone, have granite composition (in general) and calk alkaline and peralouminous nature. In spite of coverage of these granitoids by Late Triassic – Early Jurassic sedimentary rocks, Late Neoproterozoic host gneiss are exposed in limited areas. These granitoids invaded by two series of the Late Neoproterozoic and middle Jurassic diabasic dikes. Although post – Liass, Pre- Dogger, younger than Jurassic and older than Cretaceous ages are considered for these granitoids, but for the first time U–Pb age dating on separated zircons indicates Late Neoproterozoic age (Late Ediacaran) (545±10 Ma) for them and they are a part of very ancient basement rocks of Iran. The studied rocks are similar Band -e-Hezar Chah, Sefid Sang, Delbar, Shotor Kuh, Reza Abad and Do Chah granitoids in age. Mayamey granitoids are resulted from partial melting of metapelites and metagraywackes, and they belong to S-type granioids. SW Mayamey granitoids were generated in a collisional tectonic setting in the Late Neoproterozoic, in relation to closing of intracontinental back arc basin and then metamorphism of the associated rocks from greenschist facies to amphibolite and rarely granulite facies, which finally companied with s-type granitization
M Aghazadeh
Abstract
The Sar Cheshmeh mine, a world-class porphyry copper deposit, is located in the Kerman metallogenic zone. The rock outcrops in the deposit are Eocene basalt, basaltic andesite and andesite, Oligocene granular and porphyry granodioritic intrusions and Miocene Sar Cheshmeh granodioritic porphyry stock, ...
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The Sar Cheshmeh mine, a world-class porphyry copper deposit, is located in the Kerman metallogenic zone. The rock outcrops in the deposit are Eocene basalt, basaltic andesite and andesite, Oligocene granular and porphyry granodioritic intrusions and Miocene Sar Cheshmeh granodioritic porphyry stock, granitic late fine-grained porphyry and andesitic to dacitic hornblende, plagioclase, and biotite porphyry dykes. In the spider diagrams, studied rocks show LILE enrichment and HFSE depletion pattern similar to volcanic arc rocks. Eocene volcanic rocks and Oligocene granular and porphyry granodioritic intrusions represent typical magmas characteristics of volcanic arcs whereas Miocene intrusions and dykes have adakitic nature. The (La/Yb)N ratio in the volcanic rocks and Oligocene intrusions varies between 1-5 and 7-11 respectively, while Miocene intrusions and dykes show highest amount of this ratio(20-40). Low aboundancy of HREE in the Miocene intrusions and dykes implies that garnet have been in the source, which has been formed due to increasing crustal thickness during Oligocene and Miocene. According to U-Pb dating, the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry stock and granitic late fine grained have been emplaced in 12.97 ± 0.23 Ma and 12.37 ± 0.1 Ma respectively, while hornblende porphyry dykes has been intruded in 12.16 ± 0.8 Ma. According to trace element characteristics in zircon crystals, Miocene intrusions and dykes originated from same source. Middle Miocene intrusions and dykes have been generated in a post collisional tectonic setting from various degree partial melting of amphibolitic mafic lower crust with variable garnet.
F Bakhshizad; Gh Ghorbani
Abstract
The Zanjan-Takab metamorphic complex includes para- and orthogneisses, amphibolites, various types of schists and migmatites along with weakly metamorphosed, young magmatic dikes and lenses. In this study, we are focusing on the Zanjan-Takab metamorphic rocks from three regions including: 1- Almalu-Ghazi ...
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The Zanjan-Takab metamorphic complex includes para- and orthogneisses, amphibolites, various types of schists and migmatites along with weakly metamorphosed, young magmatic dikes and lenses. In this study, we are focusing on the Zanjan-Takab metamorphic rocks from three regions including: 1- Almalu-Ghazi Kandi-Alam Kandi; 2- Qare Naz-Qozlu and 3- Zaki Kandi-Barut Aghasi. Orthogneisses and migmatite leucosomes from these regions show enrichment in light REEs relative to heavy REEs and are characterized by depletion in Nb-Ta. The Almalu-Ghazi Kandi-Alam Kandi orthogneiss zircons show U-Pb ages of 491-516 Ma, but with older inherited cores. Meta-tonalite zircons from this region yield magmatic ages of 24-26 Ma. Migmatite leucosomes, paragneisses and gneissic amphibolite from Qare Naz-Qozlu contains zircons with partial melting evidences at 25-28 Ma. Nd model ages of migmatite leucosomes vary between 466 and 1629, but most of them show Ordovician and late Neoproterozoic Nd model ages (TDM). The epsilon Hf (t) values of zircon rims from migmatites are positive and their Hf model ages vary between 400 and 700 Ma. According to this study, it seems that in addition to the presence of old metamorphic rocks (~500 Ma) in the Zanjan-Takab region, there are weakly (to intensely) metamorphosed, but young (38-24 Ma) magmatic rocks in this area. Furthermore, although the Cadomian magmatism in the Zanjan-Takab region is conspicuous, but this magmatism is younger relative to other Cadomian outcrops of Iran. It seems that the exhumation of gneissic rocks and hence migmatization in this region can be related to core complex formation due to the extensional phases in the Iranian plate, resulted from roll-back of Neotethyan subducted slab beneath Iran.
B Hosseini; A.R Ahmadi
Abstract
Deformed granitoid rocks from North Saman represent part of magmatic activity in Sanandaj-Sirjan during the Mesozoic. The granitoid rocks intruded as separate intrusions into metamorphosed rocks which have protolith ages of the Palaeozoic and Mezosoic. The intruded granitoid rocks have been deformed ...
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Deformed granitoid rocks from North Saman represent part of magmatic activity in Sanandaj-Sirjan during the Mesozoic. The granitoid rocks intruded as separate intrusions into metamorphosed rocks which have protolith ages of the Palaeozoic and Mezosoic. The intruded granitoid rocks have been deformed as a result of subsequent tectonic activities. Zircon U-Pb ages of crystals extracted from the granitoid rocks gave ages of 182 ± 4 Ma and indicate that the granitoid rocks crystallized in the Toarcian stage of the lower Jurassic. The major and trace element goechemistry suggests a subduction-related, active continental margin setting for the granitoid bodies. The occurrences of numerous Jurassic granitoids reveal the importance of magmatic activities of this period in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone.
S.M Heidari; M Ghaderi; H Kouhestani; M Hosseini
Abstract
The Touzlar epithermal gold deposit formed within the high-K calc-alkaline (shoshonitic) andesitic volcanic units in northwestern Iran. The volcanic complex is in fact a part of magmatism related to the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt crosscutting northeastern rim of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Metamorphic-Magmatic ...
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The Touzlar epithermal gold deposit formed within the high-K calc-alkaline (shoshonitic) andesitic volcanic units in northwestern Iran. The volcanic complex is in fact a part of magmatism related to the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt crosscutting northeastern rim of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Metamorphic-Magmatic Zone. This magmatic system is composed of pyroclastics and lava flow sequences. The volcanic and subvolcanic rocks of the complex constitute a part of the volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Qom Formation, which formed in an extensional regime of basement uplifting and intra-continental basin. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating shows age between 18.4±1.0 and 18.7±0.55 Ma (Lower Miocene) for the volcanism. The hydrothermal alteration types (propylitic, argillic, phyllic, sericitic, advanced argillic and silicification) and evolving mineralization in relation to brecciation and deposition of copper sulfides and sulfosalts imply that the mineralization at Touzlar is similar to that of high sulfidation deposits in volcanic settings. The gold mineralization textures in the Touzlar deposit appear as disseminated, open space filling, veins and veinlets. The main sulfide minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, as well as small amounts of enargite, chalcocite, covellite, digenite, tetrahedrite, galena and sphalerite. The gold in this mineralization occurs as freed from oxidized pyrite grains, also in quartz in hydrothermal breccias as well as solid solution in other minerals such as sulfides and sulfosalts. The main difference in the formation of Touzlar with high sulfidation deposits is in its setting. The formation setting for this mineralization confirms its genesis at low depth and pressure. The deposit formed at the shallow submarine environment of the Qom basin in relation to extensional tectonic regime, while high sulfidation epithermal deposits usually form in subaerial environments related to tensional settings. Structural, host rock type, alteration, paragenesis and Au-Ag (Cu) ore mineralization characteristics of the deposit suggest that Touzlar is most similar to subvolcanic intrusion-related epithermal (high sulfidation) gold deposits formed in intra-arc extensional settings.
R Hendi; A.A Hassani pak
Abstract
This paper is part of the results of researches carried out on geochemical characteristics of sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Tabas-Ravar block trying to identify the mineralization host rock characteristics and the source rock of the sediments in the area. For this purpose, not only the common ...
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This paper is part of the results of researches carried out on geochemical characteristics of sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Tabas-Ravar block trying to identify the mineralization host rock characteristics and the source rock of the sediments in the area. For this purpose, not only the common geochemical samples but also a number of heavy mineral and rock samples were collected from the stream sediments and outcrops of the mineralization host rock, respectively. The clastic parts of minerals and components of sediments in this area have been determined based on the heavy mineral and thin section studies. After this stage, the spatial distribution map of included feldspar and metamorphic components of collected samples were prepared based on the sample sites, using “Indicator Kriging” estimation method. Through comparison made between the drawn map and the uniform geology of the neighbor blocks, the source rock supplying the clastic sediments was identified in the west margin of the Ravar – Tabas block in the area of Kalmard and Posht- e Badam Structural blocks. Zircon crystals were used in order to find out the range of age for the probable source rock from which the clastic contents of the host rock of sediment-hosted copper deposits were derived. Zircon was extracted from host rock and heavy mineral samples taken from the study area. The results for zircon crystals dating indicated the presence of four distinctive statistical populations while the principal population of dating results were in conformity with the range of age of the known source rock in the west margin of the basin source rocks and the frequency distribution of zircon crystal ages have a good coincidence with known orogenic processes in Central Iran. Another part of dating results with over 1Ga, suggests two orogenic phases: one in 1.7-2Ga and the other in more than 2.7Ga for basement mother rock of Central Iran.
M Asadpour; S Heuss; S. M Pourmoafi
Abstract
The Gharebagh intrusive complex which includes mafic, diorite and acidic rocks is a part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in northwestern of Iran and a part of the Zagros orogenic belt. This complex has intruded into Precambrian metamorphic rocks. U-Pb daiting of zircons of a Lueicogranite has been identified ...
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The Gharebagh intrusive complex which includes mafic, diorite and acidic rocks is a part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in northwestern of Iran and a part of the Zagros orogenic belt. This complex has intruded into Precambrian metamorphic rocks. U-Pb daiting of zircons of a Lueicogranite has been identified 558.6 ± 3.8 Ma. The cores of some zircon grains are aged too old to 2400 Ma in this sample. These are the parts of remained original rocks. It can be inferred that the basement area is older than Precambrian intrusive, and maybe indicate the presence of Panafrican basement similar to which has been found mainly in the central Iran. Ages obtained in five Gabbro samples are 300.0 ± 1.3 Ma to 301.5 ± 1.3 Ma, in two Diorite samples 300.7 ± 1.5 Ma and in a Monzogranite sample 300.7 ± 1.7 Ma. Age obtained in Alkaligranite pach within the Gabbros is 303.4 ± 1.5 Ma. These rocks have the same ages and that can be inferred that all of them have been affected by one geology event in late Paleozoic. Based on chemical analysis data, a mantle source for mafic rocks is understanded. This Mafic magma has a very high temperature so that its heat causes melting of the lower crust and formation the Alkaligranitic magma simultaneously with it intrusion. These datings, shows polotonism of upper Paleozoic in the northwestern part of Sanandaj–Sirjan zone. It can be inferred that this is the beginning of Neotethys opening in Iran.
