A. Ghaderi; J. Taheri; A. Kerachian; A. Mousavinia
Abstract
Investigation of Silurian succession equivalent to the Niur Formation at the northwest of Robat-e-Qarebil (instantly south of Western Kopeh-Dagh), is led to introduction of lithostratigraphical units in details and identification of some Llandovery conodonts. The sampled interval in this stratigraphic ...
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Investigation of Silurian succession equivalent to the Niur Formation at the northwest of Robat-e-Qarebil (instantly south of Western Kopeh-Dagh), is led to introduction of lithostratigraphical units in details and identification of some Llandovery conodonts. The sampled interval in this stratigraphic section is composed of shale, fossiliferous limestone, sandstone, and dolomite with 295.5 meter thickness. With a marine volcanic rock unit at the base, this succession is conformably overlaid shales and sandstones attributed to the Ordovician system and overlain by quartzarenite and red shales of the Padeha Formation. Obtained conodonts from these sequences comprise different coniform, ramiform and pectiniform elements. Nineteen species of 10 genera belong to Aspelundia expansa Interval Zone which confirms uppermost Late Rhuddanian to Aeronian for the section. This age coincides with the ages which have already been given on the basis of brachiopods, cephalopods and palinomorphs for the same outcrops at the Western Kopeh-Dagh.
H Jahangir; M Ghobadi Pour; A.R Ashouri
Abstract
The Cambrian- Ordovician boundary strata in the Kalat section, western Koppeh-Dagh, comprise continuous succession of fine clastic sediments, mostly argillites with some shell beds, accumulated offshore. This interval contains analmost complete succession of conodont biozones, including the Cordylodus ...
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The Cambrian- Ordovician boundary strata in the Kalat section, western Koppeh-Dagh, comprise continuous succession of fine clastic sediments, mostly argillites with some shell beds, accumulated offshore. This interval contains analmost complete succession of conodont biozones, including the Cordylodus intermedius, Cordylodus lindstromi and Cordylodus angulatus biozones. The first appearance of the planktonic graptolite Rhabdinopora cf. Flabelliformis flabelliformis (Eichwald, 1840) in black argillite of the upper part of the Cordylodus lindstromi Biozone indicates relatively precise position of the Cambrian- Ordovician boundary in the section. Cambrian- Ordovician boundary beds in the eastern Alborz Region can be subdivided into three lithological units: Furongian bioclastic limestone mainly replaced by fine clastic sediments in the upper part, the terminal Cambrian Cruziana sandstone representing a shoal complex and the Tremadocian grey argillite accumulated offshore. In this area the position of Cambrian- Ordovician boundary is situated somewhat below the base of the Asaphellus inflatus- Dactylocephalus trilobite Biozone.
S Abbasi; B Hamdi; M.R Majidifard
Abstract
Study of conodont fauna from the Illanghareh Formation in Illanghareh, Illanlu and Pir-Eshag sections provide new data on the stratigraphy of this formation in the North West Iran. Illanghareh section is a terrigenous-carbonate rock sequence, consists mainly of quartzarenite sandstone, shale, and carbonate ...
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Study of conodont fauna from the Illanghareh Formation in Illanghareh, Illanlu and Pir-Eshag sections provide new data on the stratigraphy of this formation in the North West Iran. Illanghareh section is a terrigenous-carbonate rock sequence, consists mainly of quartzarenite sandstone, shale, and carbonate rocks. This sequence generally represents shallow-water Polygnathid-Icriodid biofacies and yielded five biozones: varcus, Older than rhenana, rhenana – linguiformis, Middle triangularis – Late trachytera, postera – expansa. Tectonic activities and erosion caused the Middle Devonian strata in the base of Illanghareh section to be omitted and the varcus Biozone is not recorded. Upper Devonian (Upper Famennian) rock units change into Carboniferous strata with a sedimentary gap though it is not recognizable in the field and no evidence of erosional surface is recognized. It is however, shown between Late Famennian and Late Turnaisian via conodonts recorded. The biozone bilineatus- bolandensis was also recorded in lower part of Carboniferous strata studied here.
S Soleymani; B Hamdi; A.R Karimi Bavandpur
Abstract
The studied section is located in the southern flank of the Central Alborz, 5 kilometers north of Shahmirzad City in the Semnan province. This section is situated at 35° 48′ 40″ N latitude and 53° 16′ 59″ E longitude. The Mila Formation has 5 measurable members in Type ...
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The studied section is located in the southern flank of the Central Alborz, 5 kilometers north of Shahmirzad City in the Semnan province. This section is situated at 35° 48′ 40″ N latitude and 53° 16′ 59″ E longitude. The Mila Formation has 5 measurable members in Type Section (Mila Kuh, Damghan City) and only in this studied section. This formation overlies conformably the Early Cambrian Lalun Sandstone Formation and underlies disconformably the Early Devonian red conglomerates. Studied Conodonts of this formation are of Proconodontus type belonging to Coniform Groups. 14 species and 6 genera of these conodonts were acquired indicating an age of Mid-Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician. These Conodonts are listed as below: Proconodontus serratus, Proconodontus muelleri, Proconodontus rotundatus, Prooneotodus sp?, Prooneotudus tenuis, Furnishina furnishi, Furnishina asymmetrica,Furnishina sp., Furnishina obliqus-Hirsutodontus?, Westergardodina cf. mossbergensis,Westergardodina fossa, Cordylodus, Cordylodus intermedius, Cordylodus lindstromi,Cordylodus proavus, Oneotodus nakamurai & Problematoconites sp. A remarkable point is the discovery of species Prooneotodus tenuis in the second member of Mila Formation because no conodont has already been reported from this member. Other microfossils such as Trilobites, Brachiopoda, Hyolithes, Eocrinoidae, Rusophycus, Cruziana, Paleoscoleidae and Sponges were also obtained indicating the deposition of Mila Formation in a shallow marine environment. These fossils assemblage are comparable with those from other parts of Iran and neighbor countries.
N Haghighat; P Mansuri
Abstract
The Permian deposits in the Sibestan section located at 65 km. northwest of Tehran and consist of 3 formal Formations. In order from lower to upper: 1- Dorud Fm. consisting of 205 meters of siliciclastic deposits of early Permian age and according to the lithostratigraphy facies is divided into 10 rock ...
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The Permian deposits in the Sibestan section located at 65 km. northwest of Tehran and consist of 3 formal Formations. In order from lower to upper: 1- Dorud Fm. consisting of 205 meters of siliciclastic deposits of early Permian age and according to the lithostratigraphy facies is divided into 10 rock units. 2- Ruteh Fm. consisting of 178 m. of limestone of Late early Permian (Murghabian) age. It also according to the lithostratigraphy facies is divided into 5 rock units. 3- Nessen Fm. consisting of 54 m. of limestone, shale and sandstone of lower Julfian age. This Formation is also divided into 8 lithologic units. The Permian sedimentary deposits terminates by bauxite-laterite horizon of Julfian equivalent age. This sequence is covered disconformably by 28.10 m. of yellowish gray platy limestone of strata Lower Triassic Elika Fm.
According to the paleontological studies, three biozones of foraminifers in Ruteh and Nessen formations have been identified:
Ruteh Fm.:
1- (Schubertella giraudi-Codonofusiella distincta assemblage zone) of Bolorian?-Kubergandian age.
2- (Cribrigenerina sumatruna- Langella ocarina assemblage zone) of Murghabian age.
Nessen Fm.:
3- (Paraglobivalvulina mira-Ichtyolaria assemblage zone), of Median?- Julfian age.
In addition, 14 species and genus and one subspecies of conodonts have been identified and also 2 conodonts biozones have been recognized in this section which correspond to the international conodonts.
Ruteh Fm.:
1- Sweetognathus whitei biozone (Early Permian).
Elika Fm:
2- Hindeodus parvus-Isarcicella isarcica biozone (Early Triassic).
3- Pachycladina symmetrica-P. oblique assemblage zone (Early Triassic).
Z Khosravi; S.M Hosseini-Nezhad
Abstract
The carbonate and terrigenous sedimentary sequence of the Padeha and Bahram formations (late Givetian- late Frasnian) with a total thickness of 126 m have a gradational and conformable contact at Baghin region of W Kerman in Central Iran. The terrigenous facies are mainly consisting of sandstone and ...
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The carbonate and terrigenous sedimentary sequence of the Padeha and Bahram formations (late Givetian- late Frasnian) with a total thickness of 126 m have a gradational and conformable contact at Baghin region of W Kerman in Central Iran. The terrigenous facies are mainly consisting of sandstone and shale deposited in the beach environment. The carbonate rocks including dolomite and limestone have tidal flat, lagoon and barrier (shoal) facies. Based on the index conodonts and brachiopods the late Givetian- late Frasnian age is suggested for this studied section. The conclusions of petrographical studies indicated a shallow carbonate platform of ramp type for these sediments. The stratigraphical study of the Bahram formation at the studied area resulted in identifying 3 sedimentary sequences of the third order, which according to the microfacies and conodonts consist of the following items. The first sequence begins with transgression at the base of the Lower falsiovalis – Upper falsiovalis zone (TST), with continuation of transgression, it reaches the maximum flooding level (mfs) indicated by the coral bindstone facies in a shoal environment and then is followed by the relevant HST parasequences. The second sequence begins at transitans – punctata zone, and finally the TST parasequences with ooid grainstone in a shoal environment reaches the maximum flooding level (mfs) at the Lower rhenana zone and ceases, and then is followed by the HST parasequences. The third sedimentary sequence begins at the base of Upper rhenana-? linguiformis zone, its maximum flooding surface (mfs) is in the middle of the Upper rhenana -?linguiformis zone and is identified by the spiculate wackestone facies in an open sea environment, and it is followed by the HST parasequences. These sequences are limited by the sequential boundaries of SB1 and SB2 types.
N. Ranjkesh; Bahaedin Hamdi Hamdi
Abstract
The Mobarak Formation with 347.5 m, thickness is well exposed in Valyabad section , at the Karaj - Chalus road . The lower contact with underlying Laloon Formation is disconformable ,whereas stratigraphic relation to the overlying Dozdeband formation is transitional. According to the lithological ...
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The Mobarak Formation with 347.5 m, thickness is well exposed in Valyabad section , at the Karaj - Chalus road . The lower contact with underlying Laloon Formation is disconformable ,whereas stratigraphic relation to the overlying Dozdeband formation is transitional. According to the lithological character, the studied section can be subdivided into rock units . The lower part of the fm. consist of dark- gray to black limestone as well as marly limestone, while upper part consist mainly of sandy limestone with interbeds of marlstone. According to the microfossil investigation 14 genius and species have been recognized which leads 2 conodont biozones . The both conodont biozones correspond to the international standard conodont biozonation which suggest an Early Tournisian to Middle Visean time interval . in addition , a Namurian age is suggested for deposites of informal Dozdeband formation , based on foraminifers . Received conodont bizones are as :
Neopriniodus peracutus - Polygnathus longiposticus Assemblage- Zone
Hibbardella roundya - Gnathodus girtyi Assemblage- Zone
More over , 5 Holotorian species as well as 6 genuse ,72 species Foraminifers in form of 5 biozone have been distinguished. These biozones are as :
Eotuberitina retligener - Endothyra spirilloformis Assemblage- Zone
Archaediscus permodiscus - Archaediscus(Paraarchaediscus)mixtus Assemblage- Zone
Endostaffella parva - Brunsina pulchera Assemblage- Zone
Tuberitina bulbacea - Kammaena sp. Barren Interval Zone
Lipinella notata - Archaediscus planoarchaediscus Assemblage- Zone
The studied foraminifers support the given age . Conodonts the Color Alteration Index(CAI) correspond 190 to 300 C◦ which indicate dry gas stage or empty of any hydrocarbon.
M. Nouradiny; S. Rahmati; M. Yazdi
Abstract
The studied sections are located in southwestern of central Iran. Main lithology of these sections are including shale, sandstone and limestone. Four biozones had been recognized base on Conodont. That contain Idiognathodus delicates Zone, Streptognathodus oppletus Zone, Sweetognathus whitei Zone. And ...
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The studied sections are located in southwestern of central Iran. Main lithology of these sections are including shale, sandstone and limestone. Four biozones had been recognized base on Conodont. That contain Idiognathodus delicates Zone, Streptognathodus oppletus Zone, Sweetognathus whitei Zone. And Neostreptognathodus pequopensis Zone. Based on recognized conodont, the age reveal for Sardar Formation is Bashkirian- early Gzhelian and the Permian deposits are Artinskian (khan formation age equivalent). In this sections Carboniferous- Permian boundary has been seen paraconformity. Comparison this area with neighborhood showed after Kasimovian we have upward and erosion in these areas and with started melting due to glacial epoch in lower Permian so these areas covered with water although we have shallow basin comparable with another areas in Central Iran.
A. Ghaderi; A. Aghanabati; B. Hamdi; A. Saeedi
Abstract
To study the Shirgesht Formation biostratigraphy in Kalmard Horst in relation to its conodont content, the Miyugodar (Miangodar) stratigraphic section was selected which is located in southwest of Tabas city. The Shirgesht Formation in the mentioned section is mainly composed of siliciclastic rock units ...
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To study the Shirgesht Formation biostratigraphy in Kalmard Horst in relation to its conodont content, the Miyugodar (Miangodar) stratigraphic section was selected which is located in southwest of Tabas city. The Shirgesht Formation in the mentioned section is mainly composed of siliciclastic rock units and overlay unconformably on Kalmard Formation (attributed to Pre-Cambrian) and is overlain by Gachal Formation (Carboniferous). Thirty five rock samples were selected from appropriate rock units (Shirgesht and Gachal Formation). Samples were studied in laboratory for more details. According to the extracted conodont from Shirgesht Formation in Miyugodar section, the age of this formation can be regarded as Early Ordovician (Tremadocian – Arenigian). Three conodont assemblage zones were recognized in Early Ordovician units. They are: Cordylodus spp., Deltifer and Proteus Global Standard Conodont biozones. The recognized biozones are as followed:
1- Oneotodus - Drepanodus Assemblage Zone
2- Acodus deltatus - Protopanderodus Assemblage Zone
3- Acodus - Oistodus Assemblage Zone
A. Ghaderi; A. Aghanabati; B. Hamdi; J. F. Miller
Abstract
The Shirgesht Formation is one of the fossiliferous units of Central Iran which in the type section is defined (informally) in the terms of 3 members. This formation is mainly composed of limestone, marl, siltstone, shale and dolomite, conformably overlay on the upper part of the Derenjal Formation with ...
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The Shirgesht Formation is one of the fossiliferous units of Central Iran which in the type section is defined (informally) in the terms of 3 members. This formation is mainly composed of limestone, marl, siltstone, shale and dolomite, conformably overlay on the upper part of the Derenjal Formation with a gradual contact, composed of brachiopods limestone bearing (Billingsella limestone). The Shirgesht Formation is overlain by sandy limestone and volcanic rocks of the Niur Formation.
To do biostratigraphy studies on the first and second members of Shirgesht Formation in the type section, totally 99 rock samples were selected. The conodont fauna of lower part of its first member contain some species of Westergaardodina, Furnishina and prooneotodus which show an age of late Cambrian. Several species of Cordylodus, Oistodus, Drepanodus, Proconodontus and Paroistodus in distance of middle part of the lower member to the end of the second member represent an age of Tremadocian – Arenigian. According to conodont content of the first and second members of Shirgesht Formation, 7 conodont assemblage zones were determined in the type section which show an age of Late Cambrian – Early Ordovician. The recognized biozones are as follow:
1. Furnishina - Westergaardodina Assemblage Zone.
2. Proconodontus - Oneotodus Assemblage Zone.
3. Cordylodus proavus - Cordylodus oklahomensis Assemblage Zone.
4. Cordylodus lindstromi Assemblage Zone.
5. Cordylodus angulatus Assemblage Zone.
6. Drepanodus - Paltodus deltifer Assemblage Zone.
7.Paroistodus proteus Assemblage Zone.
The mentioned conodont assemblage zones are equivalent to Cordylodus spp., Deltiferand Proteus global standard conodont biozone. In contrast with the previous reports, the Cambrian – Ordovician boundary is located in the first member of the Shirgesht Formation. Thus, the Shirgesht Formation in type section is diachronous formation.
L. Fazli; B. Hamdi
Abstract
The Mila formation from late Early Cambrain to Early Ordovician age is well exposed in the Shahmirzad section consists of 5 lithological members. Several biozones of conodonts have been identified in this section, several taxa of body and trace fossils have been collected ...
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The Mila formation from late Early Cambrain to Early Ordovician age is well exposed in the Shahmirzad section consists of 5 lithological members. Several biozones of conodonts have been identified in this section, several taxa of body and trace fossils have been collected from members 2 – 5 of this section.
Member 1, consisting of stromotolitic dolomite, indicates at least one paleosol in the middle part. The second lithological member which includes several beds of salt peseudomorphs does not indicate any condont, while trilobites as well as trace fossils such as Rusophycus sp. and Cruziana sp. have been found frequently. These trace fossils, characteristic of cruziana ichnofacies, occur only in shallow marine environments. Eocrinoids debris and epirelief of the root of this fossil strongly supports this fact. In addition, presence of storm beds and oriented deposition of Hyolithids indicate high degree of water agitation in environment of deposition. Biozones of Conodont have been identified from members 3-5.
S. M. Hosseini-Nezhad; M. Yazdi; M. Ghobadi-Pour; H. Gholamalian
Abstract
Geirud formation deposits of Kalariz in the Eastern Alborz start with a relatively thick sequence of sandstone, shale, and red, white and brown colored siltstone changing into yellow dolomitic layers, fossiliferous limestone and shaly or marly limestone. This formation ...
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Geirud formation deposits of Kalariz in the Eastern Alborz start with a relatively thick sequence of sandstone, shale, and red, white and brown colored siltstone changing into yellow dolomitic layers, fossiliferous limestone and shaly or marly limestone. This formation lies over Mila formation with a disconformity and covered transitionally by limestones of Mobarak formation. In the above mentioned sequence, numerous and various conodonts and brachiopods were identified. Based on the distribution of brachiopoda, two assemblage zones and based on the conodonts, four assemblage zones were recognized with Famennian and Strunian age. The first brachiopoda biozone, equivalent to the first and second conodont biozones, belongs to early Famennian age (older than late crepida zone and romboidea to late trachytera zone) and the second Brachiopoda biozone which is equivalent to conodont biozone of number three and four has the late Famennian age (postera to late expansa zone and praesulcata zone). Paleontological and stratigraphical evidence indicates that Frasnian sediments are absent in the study area.
