Petrology
Niloofar Nayebi; Dariush Esmaeily; Soroush Modabberi; Ryuichi Shinjo
Abstract
Anomaly 21A, as a part of Bafq iron-apatite ore metallogenic district, is located in Central Iran, and encompasses wide spectrume of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The igneous rocks that show narrow geochemical variations and dominantly plot in the monzonite to monzodiorite fields, are ...
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Anomaly 21A, as a part of Bafq iron-apatite ore metallogenic district, is located in Central Iran, and encompasses wide spectrume of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The igneous rocks that show narrow geochemical variations and dominantly plot in the monzonite to monzodiorite fields, are plotted in the calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline affinities. Geochemical data are characterized by enrichment LILE and LREE as compare to HFSE and HREE, respectively, and depletions in Nb-Ta-Ti imply the mantle-derived melts modified by subduction components. The isotopic signatures of Anomaly 21A samples, e.g., (87Sr/86Sr)i, εNd(t)=, imply the dominant mantle signature. Their initial Pb isotopic composition of study rocks are 18.87 to 20.32 for (206Pb/204Pb), 15.72 to 15.84 for (207Pb/204Pb), and 40.74 to 42.32 for (208Pb/204Pb). The isotopic modellings show less than 4% incorporation of melt-derived subducted sediment into the mantle wedge or variable degrees of contamination by upper continental crust. We suggest partial melting of a sub-arc mantle melt that has been metasomatized by slab-derived sediments and interacted with continental crust en-route the shallower surface as the premise of the geodynamic of Central Iran.
Petrology
Atefeh Nimroozi; gholamreza ghadami; Jamshid Hassanzadeh; Mohammad posti
Abstract
The study area is located near Abarkoh city and in Sanandaj –Sirjan zone. The volcanic activity of this region is in the form of dacite and rhyolite domes and lava flow and in the petrographic studies includes coarse plagioclase, quartz and hornblende. The volcanic rocks are considered as the separate ...
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The study area is located near Abarkoh city and in Sanandaj –Sirjan zone. The volcanic activity of this region is in the form of dacite and rhyolite domes and lava flow and in the petrographic studies includes coarse plagioclase, quartz and hornblende. The volcanic rocks are considered as the separate units interlayered with calcareous sedimentary units. Geochemical classification confirms the rhyolitic and dacitic composition of the volcanic unites and show their belonging to the calc-alkaline magmatic series, which is the characteristic of the subduction tectonic setting. Significant characteristics observed in spider and multi-element diagrams, such as their enrichment in LREE, high LREE / HREE ratio, Nb and Ti trough, and enrichment of Pb, Rb and Th elements demonstrate the continental crustal contribution to the development of the volcanics and their formation in the subduction environment in the active continental margin setting. Tectonic setting diagrams confirm this idea and determined a continental arc setting for the volcanic rocks of the area. The dating studies on zircon minerals yield the age of about 17.7.2 ± 7.6 ma equivalent to Jurassic for this part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, which matches with the subduction stage of the Neotethyan Ocean below the central Iran zone.
Tectonics
Zahra Mohammadyasl; Abdollah Saidi; Mehran Arian; Ali Solgi; taher Farhadinejud
Abstract
The Studied area is located in the small part of the structural zone of Urumieh- Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, at 60km far from south of Qom and 12km far from south east of Kahak. In the beginning, 1:25000 map of the area was prepared, because, region is located in two 1:100000 scale map sheet of Kahak and Aran, ...
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The Studied area is located in the small part of the structural zone of Urumieh- Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, at 60km far from south of Qom and 12km far from south east of Kahak. In the beginning, 1:25000 map of the area was prepared, because, region is located in two 1:100000 scale map sheet of Kahak and Aran, and more rock units were separated. In the next step, in a several step of the field observations, 17 samples of regional volcanic rocks were taken for XRF and ICP chemical analysis, and they main Oxides, heavy metals and rare elements were identife. Most of the samples have been located in the Calk- alkaline series, and some in the Tulleit series. In the lithology diagrams, these samples respectively are arranged in the range of Andesite, Dacite, Trachy Andesite and Rhyolite Rocks. Due to the anomalies and the amount of Nb in the samples of the region, they formation can be related to the subduction zone. On the other hand, the depletion of Nb and Ti is special in magmatism in the subduction zone. Because in the subduction regions released fluids from floating lithospheric rich in LILE, increases in the mantle wedge. Since in the study area rocks exhibit calc- alkaline with moderate to high potassium, it can be concluded that the stones are related to active continental margin associated with subduction.
mohsen chekani moghadam; Zahra Tahmasbi; Ahmad Ahmadi-khalaji
Abstract
Study area located on N to NW of Rabor city in Kerman province that belong to Uromieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt (UDMB). Most of rock lithology in this area including diorite, granodiorite and granite which have been exposed in volcanic sequences. Based on geochemical studies all of rocks in this area classified ...
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Study area located on N to NW of Rabor city in Kerman province that belong to Uromieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt (UDMB). Most of rock lithology in this area including diorite, granodiorite and granite which have been exposed in volcanic sequences. Based on geochemical studies all of rocks in this area classified in two groups: (1) some igneous rocks show adakitic affinity with high SiO2 (61.49–66.78 wt. %), Al2O3 (15.72–17.74 wt. %), Sr (374–602 ppm), Sr/Y (34–53), (La/Yb) N (8.35–16.88) and low Y values. (2) another rock group that distinguished in study area including various granitiods rocks with typical calc-alkaline characteristics that distinct from adakitic types such as: SiO2 (63.07–72.32 wt. %), lower Sr/Y (3.8–13.2) ratio and higher Y (21.7–31.6 ppm) and Yb (2.29–3.26 ppm) contents, and the lowest Sr (119–297 ppm) and (La/Yb)N (3.02–11.13) values relative to adakitic groups, with distinctly negative Eu [(Eu/Eu*)N= (ave. 0.49)] anomalies.The adakitic rocks most probably originated from thickened mafic lower crust (garnet amphibolite) with garnet+ rutile ± plagioclase as residual minerals in the source corresponding to depths of >50 km, and calc-alkaline rocks were probably generated in shallow depth than adakitic groups in mid-lower crust (dominant amphibolite) correlating to depths of
M. Amiri; A. Ahmadi Khalaji; Z. Tahmasbi; R. Zarei Sahamieh; H. Zamanian
Abstract
The intrusive bodies of Almogholagh Batholith, in western Iran are emplaced into the Sanandaj–Sirjan magmatic-metamorphic zone and comprise three main groups: (1) gabbro-diorite, (2) quartz syenite, and (3) quartz monzonite, which crop out in most of the area. The quartz syenite and quartz monzonite ...
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The intrusive bodies of Almogholagh Batholith, in western Iran are emplaced into the Sanandaj–Sirjan magmatic-metamorphic zone and comprise three main groups: (1) gabbro-diorite, (2) quartz syenite, and (3) quartz monzonite, which crop out in most of the area. The quartz syenite and quartz monzonite rocks, having characteristics such as metaluminous, generally ferroan, alkalic to alkali-calcic types, high content of Na2O+K2O, Zr, Ce, Ga, Y, Nb, Ta, REE, and depletion in Eu, Sr and Ti, show the features of borderline between A1 and A2-type granitoids with more A1-type affinity. On the basis of the results of the various diagrams, the gabbroic-dioritic rocks show between A1 and I-type granitoids nature with more I-type affinity. Distinctive peak patterns in spider diagrams accompanied by (La/Yb)CN values of 2.4 to 6.1 and Ba/La ratio >3 indicate magmatic activity in a volcanic arc environment, and the characteristics (Ba/Rb)CN<1, (Ba/Th)CN 143Nd/144Nd > 0.512638, εtNd >0, εtSr >0, high content of Nb, Ta and very high content of Zr (589 ppm) indicate that there was a subsidiary subduction after the initial collision for a long time and the magmas of Amogholagh batholiths were originated from mantle wedge, overlying the subduction zone or from mantle components around fragments resulting from delamination between continental crust and mantle lithosphere, demonstrating the involvement of subduction zone fluids, high flux of mantle-derived halogen-rich volatiles, and contamination within the crust during the petrogenesis of intrusions.
L. Berahmand; M. Ghorbani; S. M. Pourmaàfi
Abstract
Dehaj-Meiduk area is located at North of Shahre-babak. There are nine porphyry intrusive bodies in this region, which include Meiduk, Parkam, Iejoo, Segino, Chah Firouzeh, Narkoh, Ayoub Ansar, Sara and Keder. Meiduk, Chah Firouzeh, Parkam, Iejoo and Segino are productive among them and Narkoh, Keder, ...
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Dehaj-Meiduk area is located at North of Shahre-babak. There are nine porphyry intrusive bodies in this region, which include Meiduk, Parkam, Iejoo, Segino, Chah Firouzeh, Narkoh, Ayoub Ansar, Sara and Keder. Meiduk, Chah Firouzeh, Parkam, Iejoo and Segino are productive among them and Narkoh, Keder, Ayoub Ansar and Sara are barren. These intrusive bodies are mostly composed of porphyry diorite, quartzdiorite and granodiorite. Geochemical studies indicate that the magma of these rocks has the peraluminous to metaluminous nature and magma series are calc-alkaline with high potassium and shoshsonitic nature. The geochemical variation diagrams of major oxides and minor elements, illustrate the continuous spectrum of rock compositions for the studied samples, which indicates high crystallization differentiation during magmatic processes. Field observations, petrographic and geochemical studies suggest that the rocks in the Dehaj-Meiduk area are I type. All available data demonstrate that these rocks are result of subduction of Neotethyan oceanic crust beneath the central Iran continental crust. Flat subduction happened in some parts of the study area and because of that, partial melting rate has been low and as a result adakitic rocks are produced. The adakitic rocks have formed intrusive bodies in Pliocene. Since magma is depleted in metallic elements by forming earlier stage productive plutons, the later rocks do not contain metallic elements and are barren.
N. Sarhaddi; A. Ahmadi; Z. Firoozkoohi; M. Jami
Abstract
The Lakhshak granodiorite body with Oligo-Miocene age crops out in flysch sediments of northwest of Zahedan. This body has been intruded by dykes with variable color indices ranging from mesocratic to melanocratic, and NE-SW trend. Based on field observations, , melanocratic dykes have cut mesocratic ...
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The Lakhshak granodiorite body with Oligo-Miocene age crops out in flysch sediments of northwest of Zahedan. This body has been intruded by dykes with variable color indices ranging from mesocratic to melanocratic, and NE-SW trend. Based on field observations, , melanocratic dykes have cut mesocratic dykes in some parts.This indicates that mesocratic dykes are younger than the melanocratic types. Different thickness (2 to 12m) of dykes shows the effect of tectonic activities and magama injection into structural joints, and the formation of dykes during tectonic activity. In terms of lithology, the Lakhshak body is composed of granodiorite, dacitic mesocratic dykes and melanocratic dykes of microdioritic and andesitic types. The granodiorite body and the two types of dykes are of I type nature, and are calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous. Based on the geochemical characteristics, dykes and granodiorite show enrichment in LILE, LREE such as Ba, Cs, Rb, Eu and Pb, and depletion in HFSE, HREE such as Nb, Ti and Ta, which are related to index characteristics of the volcanic arc setting of an active continental margin. Pb positive anomaly may demonstrate continental crust assimilation by magma associated with mantle metasomatism. Based on field observation and petrogenesis, the Lakhshak granodiorite and mesocratic-melanocratic dykes originated from magmatic activity of subducted oceanic crust (Sistan plate) beneath the continental plate (Afghan block). The parental magma of the Lakhshak granitoid was originated from melts resulted from amphibolite melting, and dykes are the late derivative of magma recrystallization granodiorite.
K. Mohammadiha; M. Moazzen; U. Altenberger; R. Hajialioghli
Abstract
The Mashhad ultramafic complex with a Permo-Triassic stratigraphic age is exposed at the NE of Binaloud Mountain and at the vicinity of the Mashhad city. This area is mainly composed of mafic and ultramafic rocks, metamorphosed carbonate and pelitic rocks and granitoids with a NW- SE trend. Serpentinized ...
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The Mashhad ultramafic complex with a Permo-Triassic stratigraphic age is exposed at the NE of Binaloud Mountain and at the vicinity of the Mashhad city. This area is mainly composed of mafic and ultramafic rocks, metamorphosed carbonate and pelitic rocks and granitoids with a NW- SE trend. Serpentinized peridotites are the main types of ultramafic rocks in this area. Minerals in these rocks include olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, brown amphibole and opaque minerals as the original minerals and serpentinite group minerals (lizardite and antigorite), tremolite-actinolite, chlorite, talc and carbonate minerals are the secondary minerals. High pressure-low temperature metamorphic rocks, which are indicative of subduction are not present in this area, but according to the major, minor and rare earth elements chemistry of the Mashhad serpentinites, these rocks show subducted serpentinites features, with a peridotite protolith derived from lherzolite or olivine-poor harzburgite. The protolith of these rocks metasomatized and refertilized by melt formed in a subduction zone before serpentinization.
K Nezhadafzali; S Shayn; R Lak; M Yamani; M Ghorashi
Abstract
Mud volcano is a natural and attractive phenomenonwhich is generally found as a dome-like feature and basin-shaped in some cases. Mud volcanoes comprise mixtures of water, mud and gas. They are found in most parts of the world particularly in the Alps and Himalaya belts. In Iran, most of the mud volcanoes ...
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Mud volcano is a natural and attractive phenomenonwhich is generally found as a dome-like feature and basin-shaped in some cases. Mud volcanoes comprise mixtures of water, mud and gas. They are found in most parts of the world particularly in the Alps and Himalaya belts. In Iran, most of the mud volcanoes appear in the coastal plains of the Caspian and Oman seas. Mud volcanoes are commonly considered as indicating presence of oil and gas reserves, and are used to predict subsurface hydrocarbon fields. One or two mud volcanoes were formerly found between Minab and Jask in the Hormozgan Province. Remote sensing study followed by a field work of 30 days in this research led, for the first time, to the identification of 15 mud volcanoes in the Hormozgan Province using clustering analysis. During the field study, a sediment sample was taken from each mud volcano, which was then geochemically analyzed by ICP-OES. In the meantime, grain size was also determinedfor each sample. The SPSS software was used to process the data.After determining correlation coefficients, clustering analysis,and relationship between different factors obtained from Scuter plot, it turned out that AL, Fe, Ni, V, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn, CU, Mn, Na, K, Li and Be in the mud volcanoes aregeogenic/continentalin origin, while the source of Ca,Mn and S is marine/intra-basinal and biogenic.
J Rasouli; M Ghorbani; V Ahadnejad
Abstract
Jebale-Barez granitoid complex is composed of intrusive bodyes included Mijan, Dareh hamzeh, Kerver and Hishin and is located In the southeastern province of Kerman on the lengths of the 57◦ 45 ' east to 58◦ 00' and Northern latitudes 28◦ 30' to 29◦ 00'.The petrologic composition ...
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Jebale-Barez granitoid complex is composed of intrusive bodyes included Mijan, Dareh hamzeh, Kerver and Hishin and is located In the southeastern province of Kerman on the lengths of the 57◦ 45 ' east to 58◦ 00' and Northern latitudes 28◦ 30' to 29◦ 00'.The petrologic composition in intrusive bodyes composed of granodiorite, quartzdiorite, granite and alkali-granite. The geochemical variation diagrams of major oxides, the continuous spectrum of rock compositions has been carried out which indicates the crystallization of magmatic differentiation and extensive appendices. The magma nature of these rocks is sub-alkaline-calc-alkaline, which in SiO2-K2O plot they fall into calc-alkaline series with high potassium. Field observations, petrographic and geochemical studies suggest that the rocks in this area have granitoides I type. Studying the geochemical diagrams of the rocks in the studied area indicates that these rocks have been formed in active continental margin tectononic setting. Most of the volcanic arc granites (VAG) are of "pre-collision" and "syn- collision" types. Three magmatic phases occurred in oligomiocene in this area. The first phase of magmatism in this area composed of the quartzdiorite and diorite that makes the main body of Jebale-Barez granitoid complex. Porphyry bodies will penetrate into the main body, after a short period of magmatic fractionation inside the nest of magma. Petrographic composition of the second phase is mainly diorite to tonalite. Oligo-Miocene magmatic final phase (Phase III) occurs in the region after a short time that the lithological composition of the granite to alkali granite. The third group of rocks in the study area from the main body mother came from magma fractionation. based on the location of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt seems the rocks of this region there came to subducted oceanic crust Neotethyan beneath continental crust of central Iran.
K Shiaian; J Ghalamghash; M Vosoughi Abediny; F Masoudi
Abstract
The Bazman volcano is located in the Makran Magmatic Arc. The pyroclastic rocks and lava with rhyodacitic to basaltic composition and calc-alkaline affinities erupted from the central and lateral craters of this volcano during the Quaternary period. The primitive mantle normalized Multi-elements diagrams ...
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The Bazman volcano is located in the Makran Magmatic Arc. The pyroclastic rocks and lava with rhyodacitic to basaltic composition and calc-alkaline affinities erupted from the central and lateral craters of this volcano during the Quaternary period. The primitive mantle normalized Multi-elements diagrams show a relatively high abundance of LIL relative to HFS incompatible elements with negative anomalies of Nb and Ti. Their chondrite–normalized REE patterns are slightly enriched in LREE relative to HREE with negative Eu anomalies. These geochemical features suggest that the volcanic rocks of bazman formed in a subduction setting by partial melting of metasomatized mantle. On the base of La/Yb vs Dy/Yb and La/Sm vs Sm/Yb diagrams the sources of the magmas is phlogopite-spinel-lherzolite or/and phlogopite-garnet- lherzolite.
F Sarjoughian; A Kananian; A Esna-Ashari; J Ahmadian
Abstract
The Kuh-e Dom intrusion with calc-alkaline nature, in the northeast of Ardestan is located in the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and includes the felsic and intermediate-mafic units. The felsic unit consists of monzogranite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite and quartz monzodiorite, whereas ...
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The Kuh-e Dom intrusion with calc-alkaline nature, in the northeast of Ardestan is located in the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and includes the felsic and intermediate-mafic units. The felsic unit consists of monzogranite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite and quartz monzodiorite, whereas the intermediate-basic rocks comprise gabbro, diorite, quartz diorite, monzodiorite and monzonite. The acidic dykes intruded this intrusion and its surrounding rocks. The various mafic microgranular enclaves of dioritic, quartz dioritic, monzodioritic and quartz monzodioritic composition exposed in the acidic rocks. The zircon U-Pb dating by the LA-ICP-MS method indicates that the ages of the felsic rocks, intermediate-mafic rocks, acidic dikes and enclaves are 51.1±0.4 Ma, 53.9±0.4 Ma, 49.95±0.64 Ma and 50.3±0.8 Ma respectively. These ages are in good agreement with the lower-middle Eocene age of the intrusive body, which is simultaneous with subduction of the Neotethys oceanic crust underneath the Central Iran. This result is in agreement with the previous geochemical result.
G. Ahmadzadeh; A. Jahangiri; M. Mojtahedi; D. Lentz
Abstract
In this paper the study of Plio-Quaternary post-collisional magmatism in northwest of Iran and northwest of Marand is considered. The studied Potassic and ultrapotassic (UP) alkaline rocks were erupted at northern part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA). The studied rocks dispaly microlithic porphyritic ...
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In this paper the study of Plio-Quaternary post-collisional magmatism in northwest of Iran and northwest of Marand is considered. The studied Potassic and ultrapotassic (UP) alkaline rocks were erupted at northern part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA). The studied rocks dispaly microlithic porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of clinopyroxene, leucite, and plagioclase ± biotite ± olivine. The UP volcanic rocks are mostly silica undersatuated with normative nephline, high Mg# and high K2O/Na2O ratios. They characterized with significant enrichment in LILEs and LREEs and depletion in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta and Ti. Exhibit high Ba/Nb (41-60) and Ba/Ta (682-1139) ratios, which are a typical feature of subduction. With considering end of subduction (upper cretaceouse) and stratigraphic age of studed rocks (plio-quaternary), we can say that these rocks has formed in post collisional environment and metasomatic mantle due to addition of volatiles and incompatible elements lead to enrichment of these magmas. And in fact we can say that the subduction properties of these rocks inherited from an ancient subduction. On the otherhand, high contents of LILE such as Th and Ba and Ba/Nb, Ba/Ta ratios indicate the involvement of crustal components in genesis of these rocks by addition of crustal components to source and contamination through ascent of magma. Rare earth elements modeling indicate that they can be generated from low degree partial melting of lithospheric mantle with garnet-spinel peridotite source.
F. Pirmohammadi; A. Ameri; A. Jahangiri; Ch. Chen; M. Keskin
Abstract
In southeast Tabriz, as a part of Western Albourz-Azarbaijan magmatic belt the vocanic and pyroclastic rocks of Sahand cover vast areas. The volcanic rocks include andesite, dacite, rhyodacite and rhyolite and pyroclastic rocks largely occur as vast ignimbritic outcrops. Based on high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ...
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In southeast Tabriz, as a part of Western Albourz-Azarbaijan magmatic belt the vocanic and pyroclastic rocks of Sahand cover vast areas. The volcanic rocks include andesite, dacite, rhyodacite and rhyolite and pyroclastic rocks largely occur as vast ignimbritic outcrops. Based on high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios and their similar composition to subduction volcanic rock suites; it seems that they have formed in a subduction zone. The subduction process had low effect on the concentration of Zr, Ta, Hf, Sm, Tb, Nd, Eu and Y, while it had strong influence on concentration of Th , U and La. Concentration of elements such as Ba , K , Rb , Cs , Sr , Pb shows that these rocks belong to calc-alkaline series. The studied rocks show considerable similarity with calc-alkaline rocks from Turkey and from this point of view; these rocks belong to post-collisional arcs. In this tectonic setting, magma ascent is controlled by strik-slip faulting and associated pull-apart extensional tectonics. This post-collisional magmatism may have occurred due to Arabian-Iranian plates collision.
K. Kalantari; A. Kananian; A. Asiabanha; M. Eliassi
Abstract
Paleogene basic to intermediate lava flows of Central Alborz, in the northeast of Qazvin city (Zarjebostan), include trachy-andesite, basaltic trachy-andesite and basaltic andesite. These volcanic rocks are high-K calc-alkaline rocks. Based on the high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios ...
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Paleogene basic to intermediate lava flows of Central Alborz, in the northeast of Qazvin city (Zarjebostan), include trachy-andesite, basaltic trachy-andesite and basaltic andesite. These volcanic rocks are high-K calc-alkaline rocks. Based on the high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios and their similar composition to subduction volcanic rock suites; it seems that they have formed in a subduction zone. The subduction process has little effect on the concentration of Zr, Ta, Hf, Sm, Tb, Nd, Eu and Y elements, while it has strong influence on concentration of Th, U and La elements. Due to high Ba/La, Ba/Ta and La/Ta ratios and low TiO2 content of lavas, they could be attributed to magmatic arc setting. Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb diagrams and association of study suite with extensive volume of acidic tuffs, indicate that these rocks have been formed in an active continental margin.
A. Kananian; M. Rezaei-Kahkhaei; D. Esmaeili
Abstract
The Lakhshak granitoid pluton which is located at 10 km northwest of Zahedan, has intruded into the Eocene flysch sediments with an elliptical shape and NW-SE direction. This pluton after emplacement has been cut by numerous dykes with NE-SW trend. These dykes comprised about ...
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The Lakhshak granitoid pluton which is located at 10 km northwest of Zahedan, has intruded into the Eocene flysch sediments with an elliptical shape and NW-SE direction. This pluton after emplacement has been cut by numerous dykes with NE-SW trend. These dykes comprised about 20-30% of the Pluton with various compositions, ranging from granodiorite to monzodiorite in composition.
The Lakhshak plutonic rocks are mainly metaluminous, calc-alkaline and belong to I type granites based on the P2O5 and Th content versus SiO2. Regarding TiO2 content these rocks resemble the continental margin granites. The MgO, Na2O, Ni, Cr content as well as Mg# and depletion in Y, these plutonic rocks are similar to the adakite, a rock type produced by partial melting of young oceanic crust. The low Ba/La content of the studied samples may suggest that subducted slab suffered dehydration prior to partial melting.
These rocks are enriched in LIL, LREE, however, they are depleted in HREE and Y. In addition, they show negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, P and Ti, and positive anomaly of Pb. The negative anomalies of Nb and Ta may indicate the effect of mantle wedge metasomatism by oceanic crust. The positive anomaly of Pb may demonstrate continental crust assimilation by magma associated with mantle metasomatism.
It seems that Lakshak pluton has been formed by subduction of Sistan young oceanic crust under the Afghan Block. Moreover, the low content of HREE and Y besides a decreased ratio of Yb versus SiO2, Y<15.13, Yb<1.2 and existence of amphibolite enxenoliths in these rocks may suggest partial melting of amphibolites. The latter is formed during the oceanic crust subduction in depth more than 35 km.
