ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Paleoseismological Results within the Overlap Zone of NW and SE Segments of North Tabriz Fault (NW Iran)
Tabriz city, the most highly population city of NW Iran, is located close to the North Tabriz Fault (NTF). This 150 km right-lateral strike-slip fault consists of two major fault segments arranged in right-stepping pattern. A pull-apart basin has been formed within the overlap zone of these fault segments due to the recent right-lateral motion. The basin margins mark by fault branches and fault splays, which connect these two major segments of NTF. High level historical earthquakes occurrence shows seismic activity of NTF. Among which, NTF is responsible of at least two destructive earthquakes occurred in 1721 A.D. (Ms 7.3) and 1780 A.D. (Ms 7.4). This fault has not experienced any strong seismic events since 1780 A.D. Within past decades, it has been tried to recognize large number of old earthquakes utilizing paleoseismological investigation. Previous paleoseismological studies have been focused on the NW and SE segments of the fault. In the present study, to complete the data sets necessary to assess the seismic hazard related to Tabriz city, we focus on overlap zone of the two main fault segments. Using aerial photos, satellite images and field investigations, a potential site has been recognized within the zone (6 km NW of Tabriz City) to perform paleoseismological studies. Trench opened perpendicular to fault scarp strike and focused paleoseismological investigations in that, show evidences of at least two macroseismic events.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54048_f06dddce6ebff82249355f66aca69288.pdf
2013-02-19
3
12
10.22071/gsj.2012.54048
NW Iran
North Tabriz Fault
Paleoseismology
Overlap zone
Fault splays
A.
Fathian Baneh
aram.fathian@gmail.com
1
Mastert of Science, Basic Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, , Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Solaymani Azad
shahryar.solaymani@gmail.com
2
Ph.D., Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Nazari
hamidnazari@hotmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ghorashi
ghorashi_manouchehr@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Basic Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University; North Tehran Branch; Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Talebian
morteza.talebian@gmail.com
5
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
اطلس لرزهزمینساخت و گسلش جنبا، چهارگوش تبریز- پلدشت، مقیاس 1:250000، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور (زیر چاپ).
1
سلیمانیآزاد، ش.، فیلیپ، ه.، حسامی آذر، خ. و دومینگز، ا.، 1388- چگونگی رویداد گسلش زمینلرزهای در منتهیالیه جنوب شرقی شبکه گسلی گیلاتو- سیاه چشمه- خوی و نقش آن در بررسیهای برآورد خطر زمینلرزه در شمال غرب ایران، بیست و هفتمین گردهمایی علومزمین و سیزدهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، 1 الی 3 اسفند ماه 1388 خورشیدی، تهران، ایران.
2
فتحیانبانه، آ.، سلیمانیآزاد، ش.، نظری، ح.، قرشی، م. و طالبیان، م.، 1389- بررسیهای زمینساخت جنبا بر روی گسل شمال تبریز به منظور انتخاب ساختگاه مناسب در پهنه همپوشانی قطعههای شمال باختری و جنوب خاوری برای انجام پژوهشهای پارینهلرزهشناختی، بیست و هشتمین گردهمایی علوم زمین و چهاردهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، 25 الی 28 شهریور ماه 1389 خورشیدی، ارومیه، ایران.
3
گزارش سرشماری جمعیت کشور، مرکز آمار ایران (www.sci.org.ir).
4
References
5
Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P., 1982- A History of Persian Earthquakes, Cambridge Earth Science Series, Cambridge University Press, London.
6
Berberian, M. & Arshadi, S., 1976- On the evidence of the youngest activity of the North Tabriz Fault and the seismicity of Tabriz city, Geol. Surv. Iran Rep., 39, 397-418.
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Berberian, M., 1997- Seismic sources of the Transcaucasian historical earthquakes. In: Giardini, D., Balassanian, S. (Eds.), Historical and Prehistorical Earthquakes in the Caucasus. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 233–311.
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Berberian, M. & Yeats, R. S., 1999- Patterns of historical earthquake rupture in the Iranian plateau, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 89, 120-139.
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Copley, A. & Jackson, J., 2006- Active tectonics of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau, Tectonics, Vol. 25, TC6006, doi:10.1029/2005TC001906.
10
Hessami, K., Pantosi, D., Tabassi, H., Shabanian, E., Abbassi, M., Feghhi, K., Sholaymani, S., 2003- Paleoearthquakes and slip rates of the North Tabriz Fault, NW Iran: preliminary results, Ann. Geophys. 46, 903–915.
11
Hessami, K. & Jamali., F., 2008- New evidence of earthquake faulting in the Tabriz city, NW Iran, Geoscience, vol 17, No. 1, pp. 156-161.
12
Jackson, J. A., 1992- Partitioning of strike-slip and convergent motion between Eurasia and Arabia in Eastern Turkey and the Caucasus, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12471-12479.
13
Karakhanian, A., Trifonov, V., Philip, H., Avagyan, A., Hessami, K., Jamali, F., Bayraktutan, M., Bagdassarian, H., Arakelian, S., Davtyan, V. & Adilkhanyan, A., 2004- Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, eastern Turkey and Northern Iran, Tectonophysics, 380, 189–219.
14
Masson, F., Djamour, Y., Van Gorp, S., Chery, J., Tatar, M., Tavakoli, F., Nankali, H. & Vernant, P., 2006- Extension in NW Iran driven by motion of the South Caspian Bosin, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 252, 180–188.
15
McCalpin, J. P., 2009- Paleoseismology, Academic Press, New York.
16
Nilforoushan, F., Masson, F., Vernant, P., Vigny, C., Martinod, J., Abbassi, M., Nankali, H., Hatzfeld, D., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F., Ashtiani, A., Doerflinger, E., Daignières, M., Collard, P. & Chéry, J., 2003- GPS network monitors the Arabia- Eurasia collision deformation in Iran, J. Geody., 77, 411–422.
17
Solaymani Azad, S., 2009- Evaluation de l'alea sismique pour les villes de Tehran, Tabriz et Zandjan dans le NW de l’Iran approche morphotectonique et paleosismologique, Université Montpellier II (France), 151 p.
18
Vernant, P., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbassi, M., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtiani, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F. & Chery, J., 2004- Contemporary crustal deformation and plate kinematics in Middle East constrained by GPS measurement in Iran and northern Oman, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381–398.
19
Vernant, P. & Chery, J., 2006- Low fault friction in Iran implies localized deformation for the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 246, 197-206.
20
Vittori, E., Labini, S. S. and Serva, L., 1991- Paleoseismology: Review of the state-of-the-art. Tectonophysics, 193, 9-32.
21
Westaway, R., 1990- Seismicity and tectonic deformation rate in Soviet Armenia: implications for local earthquake hazard and evolution of adjacent regions, Tectonics, 9, 477-503.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Biostratigraphy of Lower Triassic Strata in Ruteh Section(Central Alborz) at North of Tehran
The studied section (Ruteh) is situated in central alborz, 31km north of Tehran.The thikness of measured section is 312m. The Elika Fm in Ruteh section is located 1 km far from the north of Ruteh village and 3 km far from the north of Fasham city. Lowermost strata seems to be parallel to rocks of the units which attribiuted to the Nessen Formation.and the upper boundary with Shemshak Fm. is obviously indicate disconformity. The Elika Fm. is subdivided to 9 lithological subunits.the lower part is consisting of thin-medium-bedded limestone. The upper part is mainly consisting of thick-bedded dolomite with intercalations of thin-bedded limestones. The Nessen Fm in this section subdivided to 2 lithological subunits. The lower part is consisting of 8 m bauxite-laterite and the upper part is mainly consisting of thin-medium-bedded limestones. Base of micropaleontology studies, 26 genus, 47 species and 1 subspecies of Foraminifers and conodont element have been recognized illustrating 1 Foraminifer biozone and 4 Conodont biozones. This Conodont biozones in Elika Fm consist of: Hindeodus parvus zone Pachycladina – Hadrodontina zone, Neospathodus cristagalli zone, Parachirognathus – Furnishius zone. According to Conodont data, carboniferous sequences in Ruteh Section were deposited from lower Griesbachian to Anisian-Ladinian in age. Also 8 genus and 14 species of Foraminifers have been described for the first time in uppermost of the bauxite – laterite ,so 1 Assemblage zones have been reported: Paraglobivalvulina mira – Pachyphloia iranica Assemblage zone. Comparision of color index Alteration (CAI) or postmortal facies Conodont elements with standard table presented by Epstein et al. (1977), show that CAI is 4 that indicate temporal interval of 190 – 300 with notation to this degree of temperature absence Oil and Gas in area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54051_818ec82f071526c23621f5b52f5b232a.pdf
2013-02-19
11
18
10.22071/gsj.2012.54051
Ruteh‚ Elika‚ Nessen
Conodont‚ Foraminifer‚ Biozones
H.
Pashaei
hadis_pashaei@yahoo.com
1
M.SC., Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Hamdi
hbahaedin@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Research Iinstitute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Aghanabati
3
Associate Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
وحدتیدانشمند، ف.، 1379 – نقشه1:100000 خاور تهران.
1
References
2
Belka, Z. & Wiedman, J., 1996- Conodont stratigraphy of the lower Triassic in the thak hola region (eastern himalaya,Nepal). New letter in stratigraphy 33(1), pp1-14.
3
Buryi, G., 1977- Early Triassic conodonts biofacies of primorye. In: Boud ,A, Popova,I,Dickins,J.M,Lucas,S,Zacharov ,Y.,(Eds) late Paleozoic and early mesozoic circum – pacific events: Biostratigraphy , tectonice and ore de posites of primarye ( far east Russia). Memories de geologie (lau sane) vol 30, pp 35-40.
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Carr, T. R., Paull, R. K. & Clark, D. L., 1984- Conodont paleoecology and biofacies analysis of the lower Triassic thynes formation in the cordilleran miogeocline , geological society of America , special paper 196, pp 283-293.
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Charton, T. R., Barber, A. J., McGowan, A. J., Nicoll, R. S., Roniewicz, E., Cook, S. E., Barkham, S. T. & Bird, P. R., 2009- The Triassic of timor: lithostratigraphy , chronostratigraphy and paleogeography.
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Clark, D. L., 1959- Conodont from the Triassic of Nevada and Utah. j,pal.,v 33,pp 305-312.pl 44, 45.
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Clark, D. L., Paul, R. K., Solien, M. A. & Morgan, W. A., 1979- Triassic conodont biostratigraphy in the great basine ,In: Sandberg, C.A, Clark, D.L, (Eds), conodont biostratigraphy of the great basine and rocky mountains,vol 6(3),p 179-183.
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Clark, D. L. & Rosser, S. V., 1976- Analysis of paleoecologic factors associated with the Triassic parachirognathus/ Furnishius conodont founa in utah 7 nevada, univ of Wisconsin, p296-303.
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Ding, M., 1992- Conodont sequences in the upper Permian and lower Triassic of south china and the nature of the conodont founal changes at the systematice boundary. In: Sweet, W.C, Yang, Z, Dickins, J.M, Yin, H; permo – Triassic event in the eastern Tethys, Cambridge university press, p 109 – 119.
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Druce, E., 1973- Upper Paleozoic and Triassic conodont distribution and the recognition of biofacies .In: Rhodes, F.H.T (Eds) conodont paleozoology, geological society of America, paper 14, p 191-237.
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Epstein, A. G., Epstein, J. B. & Harris, L.D., 1977-Conodont color alteration and indent to organic metamorphism,U.S,geol,surv.
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Glaus, M., 1964- Triassic und oberperm im zentralen elburz (Persian), mittelugen aus der geologischen institute der eidg. Technischen hochdchule und der universitat zurich, eclogue helvetiae, vol 57, nr2.
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Hirsch, 1972- Conodont and Ostracode- biostratigraphy of Triassic in Palestine, p 107-112.
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Koike, T., 2004- Early Triassic Neospathodus (conodonta) apparatuses from the Taho formation, southwest Japan. palaeontol Ress, pp 129 – 140.
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Kozur, H., 2004- Pelagic uppermost Permian and the Permian Triassic boundary conodonts of Iran, part 1: taxonomy .haleschesch jahrbuch geowiss ,pp 39 -68.
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Kozur, M., 1989- Significance of events in conodont evolution for the permmian and Triassic stratigraphy, courier forsch inst .p 385-408.
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Laishi, Z., Orchard, M., Jinnan, T., Zhiming, S., Jinxun, Z., Suxin, Z. & Ailing, Y., 2006- A detailed lower Triassic conodont biostratigraphy and its implications for the GSSP candidate of the induan – olenekian boundary in chaohu , Anhui province, pp 81 – 86.
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Orchard, J. M. & Krystin, L., 2007- Conodont from the induan – olenekian bundary interval at Mud, spiti, Albertiana, p 30 – 35.
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Sweet, W. C., Mosher, L. C. & Clark, D. L., 1971 - Conodont biostratigraphy of the Triassic, In: Sweet, W. C., Bergstrom, S.M., symposium on conodont biostratigraphy. Geol, soc. Am.Mem, vol 127, pp441-465.
20
Sweet, W. C., 1988- The conodont morphology, taxonomy, paleontology evolutionary history of a long extinct animal phylum, oxford monographs on geology and geophysics.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geometry, Kinematics and Structural Evolution of the Cheshmeh Nay Fault Zone in East Alborz-Allah Dagh
The ~100km-long NE-SW Cheshmeh nay fault zone is located in Alborz-Allah Dagh Mountains. This fault zone is composed of several faults with dips between 40 to 85° toward NW or SE. The Cheshmeh nay fault zone belongs to the Shahrud fault system and has a left-lateral motion. Geomorphic evidence such as deflected streams, bisected alluvial fans and cut Quaternary deposits shows that this fault zone has been active during Quaternary. Exposure of Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations over or in contact with younger units as well as abundant thrust fault planes present in the fault zone indicate that there seems to have been a thrust faulting along the fault zone sometime during its evolution. In addition, the Cheshmeh nay fault zone coincides with the F-431 aeromagnetic lineament, indicating that the fault zone is supposed to be an old basement fault. Making part of the boundary between the Alborz and Kopeh Dagh basins, this fault zone was a basin-bounding normal fault zone which changed the kinematics into a thrust fault zone. This kinematics change resulted likely from the Iran Block moving toward the Turan and Kopeh Dagh regions and/or in Late Cretaceous. Following the regional reorganization in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone between 3-7 Ma and/or in Quaternary, the Cheshmeh nay fault zone became a fault zone with a dominant left-lateral movement.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54053_042cc37cc2c4794a40af529c3288fe3b.pdf
2013-02-19
19
28
10.22071/gsj.2012.54053
Northeastern Iran
Cheshmeh Nay fault zone
Left-lateral faulting
Shahrud fault system
A.
Naeimi
naeimi60@gmail.com
1
M.Sc., Tarbiat Modares University, Basic Science Faculty, Tehran, Iran; Tectonic Group, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gh.
Heidarzadeh
2
M.Sc., Islamic Azad University , North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran; Tectonic Group, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. R.
Sheikholeslami
3
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، س. ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، تهران،620 صفحه.
1
جعفریان، م. ب. و جلالی، ع.، 1383- نقشه زمینشناسی خوشییلاق، مقیاس 1:100000، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، تهران.
2
حقیپور، ن.، 1386- بررسی ریختزمینساختی گستره کپهداغ- بینالود بر پایه شاخصهای گرادیان شیبرود و هیپسومتری، فصلنامه علومزمین، سال شانزدهم، شماره 64، صفحات 87- 74.
3
حیدرزاده، ق.، 1384- ویژگیهای لرزهزمینساختی گستره کپهداغ با تأکید بر بخش مرکزی آن. پایاننامه دوره کارشناسی ارشد زمینشناسی(تکتونیک)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران.
4
نوابپور، پ.، حیدرزاده، ق.، مافی، آ.، حقیپور، ن.، 1382- الگوی دگرریختی و پهنهبندی ساختاری ایالت زمینساختی کپهداغ، بیست و دومین گردهمایی علومزمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، تهران.
5
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Allen, M. B., Jackson, J. & Walker, R., 2004- Late Cenozoic reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and the comparison of short-term and long-term deformation rates. Tectonics, 23, TC2008, doi: 10.1029/2003TC001530.
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Walker, R. & Jackson, J., 2004- Active tectonics and Late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran, Tectonics, 23, TC5010, doi: 10.1029/2003TC001529.
39
Yousefi, E. & Friedberg, J. L., 1978a- Aeromagnetic map of the Jajarm 1:250000 quadrangle. Geological Survey of Iran.
40
Yousefi, E. & Friedberg, J. L., 1978b- Aeromagnetic map of the Kuh-e-kurkhod 1:250000 quadrangle. Geological Survey of Iran.
41
Zamani, G. B., Angelier, A. & Zamani, A., 2008- State of stress induced by plate convergence and stress partitioning in northeastern Iran, as indicated by focal mechanisms of earthquakes. Journal of Geodynamics, 45, 120–132.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrical Resistivity Structure of the Sabalan Geothermal System Inferred from Magnetotelluric and TDEM Data
Geothermal energy is playing a large role as an alternative energy source for both electricity generation and space heating. Sabalan is a high temperature geothermal region in Ardabil province northwestern of Iran. In this study the conductivity structure of the top crust (depth lower than 2 kilometers) is examined using data from collected 212 magnetotelluric (MT) and time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings across the Sabalan volcano in 1998. The MT data collected between 1-8192 Hz is of useful quality and provides good control on the surface layers in majority of sites. The MT data were corrected for static shift effect using TDEM data. The TDEM data and MT data were jointly inverted to yield 1D and 2D models. In practice for geothermal investigation, measured MT data are never entirely 1D and diagonal elements of the impedance tensor are always non-zero. However, in many cases the Earth response is dominated by an overall 2D structure, permitting data analysis within these lower dimensions. In this study, in order to have the best possible interpretation we used two modes MT data in 2D inversion. Static shift correction and inversion approach accomplished by using WinGlink software. We choose three intersect profiles with 54 MT sites along with, to show resistivity distribution around Sabalan and try to predict the main intrusive magma chamber position as the heat source of the system. MT resistivity images confirmed the findings of previous surveys and the reported geological features in the Sabalan field. To have a better view about resistivity distribution, we combine the 2D models at the intersection points to obtain a 2.5D view about the resistivity in the area. The resulting models reveal the extension of the high conductivity anomalies in the western and southwestern parts of the area that most probably is related to the main heat source of the geothermal system at shallow depths.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54054_b6ac37b5e6500d1c2de3389a3ab31f77.pdf
2013-02-19
29
34
10.22071/gsj.2012.54054
Electrical resistivity
Magnetotelluric
Geothermal
TDEM
2D Inversion
Sabalan
Iran
B.
Oskooi
boskooi@ut.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
G.A.
Fanaee-Kheirabad
2
Ph.D., Department of Mining, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand , Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Amidi, M., 1978- 1:250,000 Geological quadrangle map of Iran-Ahar. Ministry of Mine and Metals. Geological Survey of Iran.
2
Berdichevsky, M. N. & Dmitriev, V. I., 1976- Distortion of magnetic and electric fields by near-surface lateral inhomogeneities. Acta Geodaet. Geophys. Montanist. Acad. Sci. Hung.11, 447-483.
3
deGroot-Hedlin, C., 1991- Removal of static shift in two dimensions by regularized inversion, Geophysics, 56, 2102 - 2106.
4
Emami, H., 1994- Meshkinshahr 1; 100, 000 Scale Geological Map. Geological Survey of Iran.
5
Fanaee Kheiabad, G. A., Oskooi, B., Porkhial, S. and Rahmani, M. R., 2010- Investigation of Sabalan geothermal field structure using Magnetotelluric data, Presented in 14th Geophysics Conference of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
6
Fotouhi, M., 1995- Geothermal Development in Sabalan, Iran.Proceedings, World Geothermal Congress, Italy.
7
Irfan, R., Kamah, Y., Gaffar, E. & Winarso, T., 2010- Magnetotelluric Static Shift Correction Using Time Domain Electromagnetics Case Study: Indonesian Geothermal Rough Fields, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Bali, Indonesia, 25-29
8
Jiracek, G. R., Haak, V. & Olse, K. H., 1995- Practical Magnetotellurics in a continental rift environment, in Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure and Tectonics, edited by K.H. Olsen, elsevire, New York, 103-129.
9
Jones, A. G., 1988- Static shift of magnetotelluric data and its removal in a sedimentary basin environment: Geophysics, 53, 967-978.
10
Khosrawi, K.,1996- Geochemistry of geothermal springs in the Sabalan area, Azarbydjan, Iran. The United Nations University Geothermal Training Program Reports (Iceland), 1996 Number 7.
11
KML, 1998- Sabalan geothermal project, Stage 1, Surface exploration, final exploration report. Kingston Morrison Limited Co. Report 2505-RPT-GE-003 for the Renewable Energy Organization of Iran (SUNA), Tehran, Iran, 83 pp
12
Meju, M. A., 1996- Joint inversion of TEM and distorted MT soundings: some effective practical considerations, Geophysics 61, 56– 65.
13
Meju, M. A., 2002- Geoelectromagnetic exploration for natural resources: models, case studies and challenges. Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 133-205.
14
Noorollahi, Y., Itoi, R., Fujii, H. & Tanaka,T., 2007- Geothermal resources exploration and wellsite selection with environmental consideration using GIS in Sabalan Geothermal area, Proceedings, Thirty-Second Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California ,January 22-24, 2
15
Pellerin, L. & Hohmann, G. W., 1990- Transient electromagnetic inversion: a remedy for magnetotelluric static shifts, Geophysics, 55, 1242 -1250.
16
Rodi, W. L. and Mackie, R. L., 2001- Nonlinear conjugate gradients algorithm for 2D magnetotelluric inversion, Geophysics, 66, 174–187, doi:10.1190/1.1444893.
17
Sternberg, B. K., Washburne, J. C. & Pellerin, L., 1988- Correction for the static shift in magnetotellurics using transient electromagnetic soundings. Geophysics 53, 1459-1468.
18
Vozoff, K., 1987- The magnetotelluric method, in Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics, Vol. 2: Application, Parts A and B, pp. 641–711, ed. Nabighian, M.N., SEG, Tulsa.
19
Zhdanov, M. S. & Keller, G. V., 1998- The Geoelectrical Method in Geophysical Exploration, Elsevier Amsterdam, pp. 873.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geochemical and Environmental Assessment of the Heavy Metals in the Soils Derived from the Gorgan Schists
In this paper, the role of Gorgan metamorphic complex, as a geogenic source of the heavy metals has been investigated in the soils of south Kordkoy and Gorgan areas. For this, some important soil chemical parameters such as pH, EC, CEC, and concentrations of the heavy metals in 14 soil samples and 6 rock samples have been determined and interpreted. The enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, contamination factor and degree of soil contamination for the elements of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, V and Fe, have been studied. Multivariant Statistical methods including Pearson correlation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were done to study the correlations and paragenetic relations. The results shown that the average concentration of Fe (80502.86 ppm) is higher than maximum allowable concentration (70000 ppm) and located near the threshold (100000 ppm). Also, average values of V (165.09ppm) is higher than maximum allowable concentration (150 ppm) but is very lower than its threshold (450 ppm). Average values of Cr, Ni, Co and Cu are in the range of the background concentration and those for Pb, As, Mo and Cd are lower than background. Calculation of the enrichment factor indicates the low enrichment of As and Fe in these soils. Iron, with the geo-accumulation index of 0.14, is uncontaminant to slightly contaminant. Also, contamination factors of iron, cobalt and vanadium are low and overaly, in the sense of environmental quality, the soil of this area classified among uncontaminated or very low contaminated areas. The results of the statistical analysis of the heavy metal data indicate the lowest concentrations of these elements in the soils derived from pelitic schists, especially in Tuskestan valley, and the highest values of them in the soils derived from the basic igneous rocks, such as Naharkhoran valley. These results show a natural geogenic origin for the heavy metals and the role of chemical composition of the Gorgan metamorphic complex in the entrance of them in the soils of this area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54055_be8614d4516e8ae90e2257d1de541bc4.pdf
2013-02-19
35
46
10.22071/gsj.2012.54055
Assessment
Geochemical
Environmental
heavy metals
Soil
Gorgan schists
H.
Ghasemi
h-ghasemi@shahroodut.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor, Faculty of Earthscience, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtaba.
Garavand
2
M.Sc. in Environmental Geology, Faculty of Earthscience, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Hafezi Moghddas
nhafezi@um.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Faculty of Earthscience, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood,
AUTHOR
رحیمی، ب.، 1381- رساله دکتری، مطالعات ساختاری رشته کوه البرز در شمال دامغان، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. 220 صفحه
1
زمانی پدرام، م.، کریمی، ح.ر.، حسینی، ح.، بهرهمند، م.، 1385- نقشه زمین شناسی 100000/1 علی آباد. انتشارات سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی ایران.
2
زمانی پدرام، م. و حسینی، ح.، نقشه زمین شناسی 100000/1 گرگان. انتشارات سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی ایران.
3
شاهپسندزاده، م.، 1371- پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، تحلیل ساختاری و تفسیر محیط رسوبی مجموعه سنگهای دگرگونی گرگان (شسیتهای گرگان) ، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران. 175 صفحه.
4
شهرابی، م.، 1369- نقشه زمین شناسی 250000/1 گرگان. انتشارات سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی ایران.
5
غازان شاهی، ج.، 1385- ترجمه، آنالیز خاک و گیاه، نوشته وان رنست، ورلو، ام وندو. انتشارات آییژ، تهران. 272 صفحه.
6
گراوند، م.، 1389- پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، ارزیابی آلودگی طبیعی فلزات سنگین در خاکهای حاصل از شیستهای گرگان، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، دانشکده علوم زمین، 156 صفحه.
7
مهندسین مشاور معدنکاو، 1379- گزارش نهایی مرحله اول پیجویی و پتانسیل یابی مواد معدنی در شیستهای گرگان (دره توسکستان) ، اداره کل معادن و فلزات استان گلستان، وزارت معادن و فلزات. 238 صفحه
8
یوسفی، م.، کاکایی، ر.، 1385- کاربرد کامپیوتر در معدن، جهاد دانشگاهی واحد صنعتی امیرکبیر. 282 صفحه.
9
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Abrahim, G. M. S., 2005- Holocene sediments of Tamaki Estuary: Characterisation and impact of recent human activity on an urban estuary in Auckland, New Zealand, Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 361p.
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Abrahim, G. M. S., Parker, R. J., 2008-Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand, Environ Monit Assess, v. 136, pp: 227- 238.
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Acosta, J. A., Faz, A., Mrtinez, S. M., 2009- Identification of heavy metal sources by multivariable analysis in a typical Mediterranean city (SE Spain),Environ Monit Assess, DOI 10.1007/s10661-1194-0.
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Adamo, P., Arenzo, M., Imperato, M., Naimo, D., Nardi, G., Stanzione, D., 2005- Distribution and partition of heavy metal in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naplescity Por, Chemosphere, v. 61, pp: 800-809.
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Adriano, D. C., 2001- Trace elements in terrestrial environments, 2nd ed. Springer, New york.
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Ahdy, H., Khaled, A., 2009- Heavy Metals Contamination in Sediments of the Western Part of Egyptian Mediterranean Sea, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), pp: 3330-3336.
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Atanassov, I., 2007- New Bulgarian soil pollution standards, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14 (No1), pp: 68-75.
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Bowen, H.J.M., 1979- Environmental Chemistry of the Elements, Academic Press, New York, 1979. (In: Bradli, H. B., (2005), Heavy Metals in the Environment, Elsevier Ltd, Vol, 6).
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Chen, C, W., Kao, C, M., Chen, C, F., Dong, C, D., 2007- Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsinung Harbor, Taiwan, Chemosphere, 66, pp: 1431-1440.
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Doelsch, E., Macary, H. S., Van de Kerchove, V., 2006- Sources of very high heavy metal content in soils of volcanic island (La Re´union), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, pp: 194– 197.
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Dragovicََ, S., Mihailovicَ, N., Gajicَ, B., 2008-Heavy metals in soils: distribution relationship with soil characteristics and radionuclides and multivariate assessment of contamination sources, Chemosphere, v. 72, pp: 491-495.
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Galan, E., Fernandez-Caliani, J.C., Gonzalez I., Aparicio P., Romero, A., 2008-Influence of geological setting on geochemical baselines of trace elements in soils. Application to soil of South-West Spain, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 98, pp: 89-106.
23
Ghavidel – Syooki, M. , 2008-Palynostratigraphy and Palaeogeography of the Upper Ordovician Gorgan Schists (Southeastern Caspian Sea), Eastern Alborz Mountain Ranges, Northern Iran, Comunicaçُes Geolَgicas, 2008, t. 95, pp: 123-155.
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Goorzadi, M., Vahabzadeh, Gh., Ghanbarpour, M. R. and Karbassi, A, R., 2009-Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Tilehbon river sediment, Iran, Journal of applied sciences, 9(6), pp: 1190-1193.
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Hakanson, L., 1980-An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approaches, Water Research, 14: 975–1001.
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Hernandez, L., Probst, A., Probst, J. L., Ulrich, E., 2003-Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils: evidence for atmospheric contamination, The Science of the Total Environment, v. 312, pp: 195–219.
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Jenne, E.A., Chem., A., 1968- (In: Bradli, H. B., (2005), “Heavy Metals in the Environment”, Elsevier Ltd, Vol, 6).
28
Jordan, C., Zhang, C., Higgins, A., 2007 Using GIS and statistics to study influences of geology on probability features of surface soil geochemistry in Northern Ireland, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 93,pp: 135–152.
29
Kabata-Pendias A., Mukherjee, A. B., 2007-Trace Elements from Soil to Human, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York.
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Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H., 1999-Biogeochemistry of trace elements, 2nd ed., Wyd Nauk PWN, Warszawa (in Polish). (In: Kabata-Pendias A., Mukherjee, A. B., (2007), “Trace Elements from Soil to Human” Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York).
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Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H., 2001- Trace elements in soils and plants. Third edition. CRC Press LLC. 408p.
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Kabata-Pendias, A., Sadurski. W., 2004-Trace elements and compounds in soil, In: Merian E, Anke M, Ihnat M, Stoepppler M (eds) Elements and their compounds in the environment, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2nd ed., pp: 79–99.
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Loska, K., Chebual, J., Pleczar, J., Wiechla, D., Kwapulinski, J., 1995-Use of environment and contamination factors togheder with geoaccmulation indexes to elevate the content of Cd, Cu and Ni in the Rybink water reservoir in Poland” Water, Air and Soil pollution, 93, pp: 347-365.
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Miller, R. W., Donahue, R. L., 1990-Soils, an introduction to soils and plant growth, (6th ed), Prentice-Hall, London.
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Misra, S. G., Dinesh Mani, 2009-Soil Pollution, Published by S.B. Nangia, New Delhi.
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Möller, A., Muller, H. W., Abdullah, A., Abdelgawad, G., Utermann, J. ,2005- Urban soil pollution in Damascus, Syria: Concentrations and patterns of heavy metals in the soils of the Damascus Ghouta, Geoderma, v. 124, pp: 63–71.
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Müller, G., 1969-Index of geoaccumulation in the sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, v. 2, pp: 108–118.
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Qishlaqi, A., Moore, F., Forghani, G., 2009-Characterization of metal pollution in soils under two landuse patterns in the Angouran region, NW Iran; a study based on multivariate data analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials 172, pp:374–384.
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Satyanarayana, D., Panigrahy, P. K., Sahu, S. D., 1994-Metal pollution in Harborand coastal sediments of visakhpatnam, est of India, Indian journal of marine science, v. 23, pp: 52-54.
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Tijani, M. N., Okunlola, O. A., Abimbola, A. F., 2006-Lithogenic concentrations of trace metals in soils and saprolites over crystalline basement rocks: A case study from SW Nigeria”, Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 46, pp: 427–438.
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Upadhyay, A, K., Gupta, K, K., Sircar, J, K., Deb, M, K., Mundhara, G, L., 2006-Heavy metals in freshly deposited sediments of the river Subernarekha, India: an example of lithogenic and anthropogenic effects, Environ Geol,v. 50, pp: 397-403.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrography, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Fluid Inclusions and Mineralization Study of Vorezg- Qayen Copper Deposit
Based on Qayen 1:100000 geological map, the copper mineralization of Vorezg in volcanic rocks is attributed to Paleocene-Lower Eocene. Submarine volcanic rocks of the study area are found in two forms of lava and pyroclastics. Based on field and laboratory investigations, the outcropped rocks in Vorezg deposit are andesite, andesite – basalt, basalt and several small exposures of pyroclastic rocks such as tuff. Alkaline volcanic rocks of the area show within plate characteristics. Texture of mineralization is vein-veinlet, disseminated and open space filling amygdales. According to the mineralography studies, main minerals of copper are chalcocite, β-chalcocite, bornite, covellite, digenite and rare native copper. Chalcocite is the most abundant mineral. Intergrowth among copper ores is observed in most cases. Silver was detected as accessory phase (copper element paragenesis) in this ore deposit. Whereas silver has not founded an independent crystalline phase, therefore in the crystal of chalcocite, copper was replaced by Ag. Fluid inclusion studies on trapped fluids in quartz show homogenization temperature average is 230-250 ºC and salinity degree of fluids is 5-6%wt NaCl. On the basis of recognized characteristics, Vorezg ore deposit is comparable with Manto and Volcanic redbed type copper deposits. Recently, these two types of deposits are considered as synonyms.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54056_2c2d027e13b0a12f0937a1797f62d133.pdf
2013-02-19
47
58
10.22071/gsj.2012.54056
Vorezg
copper
Chalcocite
Silver
Fluid inclusion
Manto type copper deposit
Volcanic redbed copper deposit
V.
Alizadeh
alizadeh.vahideh@gmail.com
1
M.Sc., Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Momenzadeh
2
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H.
Emami
3
Associate Professor, Islamic Azad Unuversity, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
1
امامی، م.، 1378- جزوههای درسی سنگشناسی آذرین 1 و 2 (پژوهشکده علوم زمین)
2
بهزادی، م.، 1373- بررسی زمینشناسی اقتصادی اندیس مس قبلهبولاغ واقع در منطقه طارم سفلی- استان زنجان، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد زمینشناسی اقتصادی، دانشکده علومزمین، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی
3
سامانی، ب.، 1381- متالوژنی کانسارهای مس نوع مانتو در ایران، انجمن زمینشناسی ایران
4
علیزاده، و.، 1389- ژئوشیمی، پترولوژی، کانیشناسی و ژنز مس منطقه جنوبشرق قائن، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علومزمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور
5
ملکقاسمی، ف.، 1378- اصول مینرالوگرافی، انتشارات دانشگاه تبریز، 340ص
6
نظافتی، ن.، 1379- زمینشناسی اقتصادی پتانسیلهای فلزی منطقه نطنز، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علومزمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور
7
References
8
Bazin, D. & Hubner, H., 1969 - Copper deposits in Iran , Report No. 13, GSI.
9
Cabral, A. R. & Beaudoin, G., 2007- Volcanic red-bed copper mineralization related to submarine basalt alteration, Mont Alexandera, Quebec Appalachina.
10
Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D. & Pankhurst, R. G., 1979- The interpretation of igneous rocks. George , Allen and Unwin, London.
11
Guilbert, J. M. & Park, Jr. C. F., 1997- The Geology of ore deposits. 884 page. Freeman and Company.
12
Irvin, T. N. & Baragar, W. R. A., 1971- A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.
13
Lefebure, D. V. & Church, B. N., 1996- Volcanic Redbed Cu, in selected British Colombia Mineral Deposit Profiles.
14
Pearce, J. A. & Norry, M. J., 1979- Petrogenetic implication of Ti, Zr, Y and Nb variations in volcanic rocks. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , 69, 33-47.
15
Ramdohr, P., 1980- The ore mineral and their intergroths. 1207 Page. Pergamon, Oxford, England.
16
Rollinson, H. R., 1993- Using geochemical data: evolution, presentation, interpretation. Penguin Press. 209 page.
17
Sergio Espinoza, R., Hector Veliz, G., Justo Esqivel, L., Jaime Arias, F. & Aldo Mroago, B., 1994- The Cupriferous Province of the Costal Range , Northern Chile, Manuscript, 16P.
18
Shepherd, T. J., Rankin, A. H. & Alderton, D. H. M., 1985- A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. Blackie, London.
19
Sillitoe, R. H., 1977- Metallic mineralization affiliated to subaerial volcanism: a review, pp.99-116 in volcanic processes in ore genesis.
20
Tarkian, M., Lotfi, M. & Baumann, A., 1983- Tectonic, Magmatism and the formation of mineral deposits in the central Lut, est Iran, Ministry of mines and metals, GSI, geodynamic project in Iran, No. 51, pp.357-38.
21
Winchester, J. A. & Floyed, P. A., 1977- Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chem. Geol. , 20 , 325-343
22
Yermakov, N. P. & Wilson, A. J. C., 1965- Reserch on the nature of mineral-forming solutions, with special reference to data from fluid inclusions. New York Pergamon press. (in Russian).
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Joint Sets Classification by 3-Parameters, Case Study: Neyriz Marble Mine (Fars Province, Iran)
Classification of discontinuities and fractures in rock plays an important role in study and problem solving in geosciences fields, especially in Engineering Geology and Rock Mechanics. Nowadays, joints are classified on the basis of two geometrical parameters of dip and dip direction, presented on stereonets. It is clear that the behavior of discontinuities cannot be thoroughly presented by these parameters in solving such related problems, as stability of geotechnical structures like rock slopes and tunnels. The present paper deals with the results of a research within which a new method of joint classification by 3 parameters has developed. This is done in 3D environment software, utilizing Matlab and SPSS softwares as supporting programs. Two employed parameters are conventional dip and dip direction, while the third parameter can be one of other joint characteristics such as infilling, length, aperture and so on. In order to check the validity of the method, it was applied in one of the Neyriz Marble quarries, where rock mass contains well defined and clear joints. In this research, the type of infilling of joints has been taken into account as the third parameter, and the results were compared to the traditional 2-parameters classification. This revealed that one joint system defined on stereonets, in new 3-parameter classification, is distinguished as two separate joint systems regarding their type of infilling, namely, iron oxides and non-filling. Field investigation shows the joint system with no infilling is contributing in instability of rock walls and also occurrence of spalling phenomenon in toes of some benches. Utilizing SPSS software, a regression analysis has been performed for each set of joint data, and it is shown that a better correlation factor exists between the values in the new 3D classification. It also shows that the more non-filling joints extend northward, their dips tends to 90°, and this can be a key in slope stability studies, as well as in mining design and planning.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54063_a4a40a4d67e905d488beb6e997ca8f71.pdf
2013-02-19
59
64
10.22071/gsj.2012.54063
Joint Set
Neyriz Marble quarries
Classification of Joint
Discontinuity infilling
M.
Maghsoudi
mmaghsoudi@kavoshgaran-mine.com
1
Ph.D. Student, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Rafia
2
M.Sc., Kavoshgaran Consulting Engineers, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ghorashi
ghorashi_manouchehr@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch; Research Institute of Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع.، 1385- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، ص610 .
1
تخمچی، ب.، معماریان،ح.،مشیری، ب. و احمدی، ح.، 1388- منطق جدید در ردهبندی دستهدرزهها به روش شبکه عصبی MLP و بررسی عدم قطعیت در شبکه عصبی، فصلنامه زمین دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران شمال، سال چهارم، بهار 1388.
2
نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 نیریز، 1375- سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
4
5
References
6
Barton, N. R., 1974- A Review of the Shear Strengthof Filled Discontinuities in Rock. Norwegian GeotechnicalInstitute, Pub. No. 105.
7
Haller, D. & Hamon, G., 1993- Meillon-Saint Faust gas field, Aquitaine basin; Structural re-evaluation aids understanding of water invasion. In Parker, J. R. (ed.) Petroleum Geology of NW Europe, Proceedings of the 4th conference. Geological Society, London, 1519-1526
8
Memarian, H. & Fergusson, C. L., 2003- Multiple fracture sets in the southeastern Permian-Triassic Sydney basin, New South Wales, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.50, and PP.49-61.
9
Trollope, D. H., 1980- The Vaiont slope failure. Rock Mechanics, 13(2), 71–88.
10
Wyllie, D. C. & Mah, C. W., 2005- Rock slope engineering: civil and mining, 4th edit, Taylor & Francis e-Library, ISBN 0-203-49908-5
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Calcareous Nannofossils Biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation At the Bavan Section, Northwest Shiraz
Using calcareous nannofossils is a powerful way for biozonation in sub-stage level, especially in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, because they are planktonic, cosmopolitan, abundant and have very short age. Considering lack of any precise paleontological studies about the Gurpi Formation in the NW of shiraz (Bavan), nannofossils chose to investigate. This Formation consists of shale, marl and limestone. In this study, 23 genera and 46 species of nannofossils were identified. According to the identified marker species, 14 biozones were diagnosed that classified as CC14-CC26 and NP1(Base of the Pabdeh Formation). According to these biozones, it has been suggested that this section is aged of the Gurpi Formation from Early Santonian to Danian. The existence of CC26-NP1 zonal marker species of the K/T boundary has been considered which indicates continuous sedimentation from the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54068_9570a2c790b1784f831546b1d4e6d657.pdf
2013-02-19
65
74
10.22071/gsj.2012.54068
Calcareous Nannofossils
Gurpi Formation
Biostratigraphy
Folded Zagross Zone
NW Shiraz
K/T boundry
Upper Cretaceous
M.
Azizi
gb.earth73@gmail.com
1
M.Sc., Islamic Azad University, Sience & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Senemari
senemari2004@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeyni International University, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، چاپ اول.
1
خسروتهرانی، خ.، 1384- زمینشناسی ایران، جلد اول و دوم، انتشارات کلیدر.
2
خسروتهرانی، خ.، 1367- کلیاتی درباره چینهشناسی ایران و مقاطع تیپ تشکیلات، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
3
هادوی، ف.، خسروتهرانی،خ. و سنماری، س.، 1386- زیستچینهشناسی سازند گورپی بر مبنای نانوپلانکتونهای آهکی در شمال گچساران. فصلنامه علومزمین.
4
References
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Aubry, M. P., 1989- Phylogenetically based calcareous nannofossil taxonomy. implications for the interpretation of geological events. In Crux, J.A. & Van Heck, S.E. (eds.), 1987- Nannofossils and their applications. Ellis Horwood Limited, chapter 2, Proceedings INA Conference, London, 21-40.
7
Bukry, D., 1974- Cretaceous and Paleogene coccolith stratigraphy, DSDP, Leg 26. Initial Rep. Deep Sea drill. Proj., 26, 669-73.
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Čepek, P. & Hay, W. W., 1970- Zonation of the Upper Cretaceous using calcareous Nannoplankton. Paliiobotanik, B, 3 (3-4), 333-40.
9
Čepek, P. & Hay, W. W., 1969- Calcareous nannoplankton and biostratigraphic subdivision of the Upper Cretaceous. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. geol. Soc., 19, 323-36.
10
Crux, J. A., 1981- New calcareous nannofossil taxa from the Cretaceous of South East England. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Monatshefte, 10,633-40.
11
Crux, J. A., 1982- Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Campanian) calcareous nannofossils. In. A. R. Lord (ed.), A Stratigraphical Index of Calcareous Nannofossils, pp. 81-135. British Micropal. Soc.
12
Gazdzicka, E., 1978- Calcareous nannoplankton from the uppermost Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits of the Lublin Upland. Acta geol. Pol., 28 (3), 335-75.
13
Ghasemi-Nejad, E. & Hobbi, M. H., 2002- Palynostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation in Shah-Neshin (Nodan) section, West of Shiraz. 6th Symposium of the Geological Society of Iran, Proceedings, PP. 647 - 649, Aug. 27 - 29, Kerman – Iran.
14
Hadavi, F. & Senemari, S., 2010- Calcareous nannofossils from the Gurpi Formation (Lower Santonian-Maastrichtian), faulted Zagros range, western Shiraz, Iran. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Vol. 18 (2): 166-178.
15
Hay, W. W. & Towe, K. M., 1963- Microrhabdulus belgicus, a new species of nannofossil. Micropaleontology, 9, 95-6.
16
Hay, W. W., 1977- Calcareous nannofossils. In. A. T. S. Ramsay (ed.), Oceanic Micropalaeontology, pp. 1055-1200. Academic Press, London.
17
Heck, S. van., 1979- Nannoplankton contents of the Type-Maastrichtian. INA Newsletter, I (I), N 5-N 6.
18
Heck, S. van., 1979-82- Bibliography and taxa of calcareous nannoplankton. INA Newsletter, I (I), AB I-B 27; 1(2), 13-42; 2 (1),5-34; 2 (2), 43-80; 3 (I), 4-41; 3 (2), 51-86; 4 (I), 7-50; 4 (2), 65-96.
19
Hobbi, M. H. & Ghasemi-Nejad, E., 2003- Palynological and Foraminiferal suggestions on the K/T boundary of the Gurpi Formatiion in Shahneshin Mountains, west of Shiraz. 21th Symposium of the Geological Survey of Iran, Abstracts, pp. 7-8, February 17-19, Tehran - Iran.
20
James, G. A. & Wynd, J. G., 1965- Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 49 (12), pp-2182 – 2245.
21
Martini, E., 1971- Standard Tertiary and Quaternary Calcareous Nannoplankton Zonation. Proceeding of the // Planktonic Conference, Roma, 1970, A. Farinacci. ed., Ed. Tecnoscienza, p. 739-785, Rome.
22
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1979b- Calcareous nannofossil zonation at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in Denmark. Proceedings Cretaceous- Tertiary Boundary Events symposium, Copenhagen, I, 120-6.
23
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1985- Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils. In Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., & Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.), Plankton stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 329-426.
24
Rade,L., 1979- Cretaceous biostratigraphic zonation based on calcareous nannoplankton in Middle East and offshore Australia. Exogram and Oil & Gas, 25 (4), 19-21.
25
Roth, P. H., 1978- Cretaceous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Initial Rep. Deep Sea drill. Proj., 44, 731-759.
26
Sissingh, W., 1977- Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geol. Mijnbouw., 56 (1),37-65.
27
Smith, C. C., 1975b- Upper Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton zonation and stage boundaries. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., 25, 263-78.
28
Steinmetz, J., 1983, 1984- Bibliography and taxa of calcareous nannoplankton. INA Newsletter,S (1),4-13,5 (2), 29--47 and 6 (I), 6-37.
29
Thierstein, H. R, 1976- Mesozoic calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy of marine sediments. Marine Micropaleontol . I, 325-62.
30
Thierstein, H. R., 1980- Selective dissolution of Late Cretaceous and Earliest Tertiary calcareous nannofossils. experimental evidence. Cret, Res., 2, 165-76.
31
Thierstein, H. R., 1981- Late Cretaceous nannoplankton and the change at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. In. J. E. Verbeek, J. W. 1977b. Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy of Middle and Upper Cretaceous deposits in Tunisia. Southern Spain and France. Utrecht Micropaleontol. Bull . 16, 1-157.
32
Vaziri-Moghadam, H., 2002- Biostratigraphic study of the Ilam and Gurpi formations based on planktonic foraminifera in SE of Shiraz (Iran); Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, v. 13, no. 4, p.339-356.
33
Wind, F. H. & Wise, S. W. Jr., 1983- Correlation of Upper Campanian-Lower Maestrichtian calcareous nannofossil assemblages in drill and piston cores from the Falkland Plateau, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Initial Rep. DeepSea drill. Proj., 71 (part 2), 551-64.
34
Wise, S. W. Jr. & Wind, F. H., 1977- Mesozoic and Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils recovered by DSDP Leg 36 drilling on the Falkland Plateau, SW Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Initial Rep. Deep Sea drill, Proj. 36, 296-309.
35
Wise, S. W. Jr., 1983- Mesozoic and Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils recovered by Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71 in the Falkland Plateau Region, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Initial Rep. Deep Sea drill. Proj., 71, 481-550.
36
Worsley, T. & Martini, E., 1970- Late Maastrichtian nannoplankton provinces. Nature. 225 (5239), 1242-3.
37
Young, J. R., Bergen, J. A., Bown, P. R., Burnett, J. A., Fiorentino, A., Jordan, R. W., Kleijne, A., Niel, B. E. van, Romein, A. J. T. & Salis, K. von., 1997- Guidelines for coccolith and Calcareous nannofossil terminology. Palaeontology. [Journal of the Palaeontological Association], 40/4, 875-912.
38
Zahiri, A. H., 1982- Maastrichtian microplankton of well Abteymur-1 S.W.Iran. NIOC. Expl. Div. Tech Note No.226.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study of Ophiolitic Extrusive Sequence and Supraophiolite Series in Gez-Afchang Area, Tectonomagmatic Constrains
The extrusive sequence exposed in the vicinity of Gez village located in the NW Sabzevar, comprises a diversity of rocks which could be divided in three main parts. The lower part contains abundance hyaloclastic breccia and tuff, and the middle part comprises vesicular pillow lava and the upper part has an alternation of sheet flow and volcanic-sedimentary rocks. The intercalations of pelagic limestone have Late Cretaceous microfouna. The abundant of hyaloclastic breccia-tuff, sheet flow and aphyric vesicular pillow lava versus phyric pillow lava indicate the formation of this sequence in the fast spreading rate. The supra-ophiolite volcanic-sedimentary rocks located in the Afchang area contain an alternation of turbidites with lava flow, phyric-aphyric lava, chert-radiolarite and pelagic limestone. The paleonthology studies of those revealed Late Cretaceous age, which suffer this idea that the supra-ophiolite serie formed in a trough juxtapose the Sabsevar oceanic crust at Late Cretaceous. Based an geochemical data, the sheet flow of lower part and the pillow lava of the middle part show OIB characters but the lava flows of the upper part of extrusive sequence and the phyric, aphyric and lava flow of supra-ophiolite serie are depleted in Nb and slightly depleted in Zr could be comparable with subduction volcanism. Study of the tectonomagmatic diagrams verifies the OIB and island arc tendency and seems that the generation of the magma of the lower and middle parts influenced by mantle plumes. The magmatic source of the upper part of extrusive sequence and supraophiolite lavas is depleted which have different enrichement from the subduction components (fluids-melt) released from subducted slab. The tectonomagmatic setting of extrusive sequence and supra-ophiolite series can be justified with the senario of general subduction of oceanic slab beneath the centeral Iran microcontinent during Upper Crtaceous, towards in a back-arc basin.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54069_8a9b648972f137670f64c13dc1405e4d.pdf
2013-02-19
75
86
10.22071/gsj.2012.54069
Supra-Ophiolite
Extrusive sequence
Pillow lava
Sheet flow
Supra-Subduction
M.
Khalatbari Jafari
1
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Ghani
2
M.Sc. Student, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
افتخار نژاد، ج.، 1359- تفکیک بخشهای مختلف ایران از لحاظ وضعیت ساختاری در ارتباط با حوضههای رسوبی، نشریه انجمن نفت ایران، شماره 82.
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1385- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 608 ص.
2
فروزش، و.، 1385- سنگشناسی و ژنز افیولیتهای منطقه افچنگ- شمال سبزوار، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
3
سهندی، م.، 1371- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:250،000 سبزوار، سازمان زمینشناسی واکتشافات معدنی کشور.
4
نبوی، م. ح.، 1355- دیباچهای بر زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
5
References
6
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7
Alavi-Tehrani, N., 1976- Geology and petrography in range NW of Sabzevar (Khorasan/Iran) With special regard to metamorphism and genetical relations in an ophiolite suite. Thesis univ. Surbucken. 147pp.
8
AL-Saleh, A. M. & Boyle, A. P., 2001- Neoproterozoic ensialic back-arc spreading in the eastern Arabian Shield: geochemical evidence from the Halaban Ophiolite. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
9
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10
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11
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12
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13
Emami, M. H., Sadeghi, M. M. & Omrani, S. J., 1993- Magmatic map of Iran. Scale 1:100,000, Geological Survey of Iran.
14
Faustino, D. V., Yumul, Jr., Dimalanta, C. B., De Jusu, J. V., Zhou, M-F., Aitchison, J. C. & Tamayo, R. A., 2006- Volcanic-hypabyssal rock geochemistry of a subduction-related marginal basin ophiolite: Southeast Bohol Ophiolite-Cansiwang Melange Complex, Central Philippines. Geosciences Floyd P.A., 1993. Geochemical discrimination and petrogenesis of alkali basalt sequences in part of the Ankara mélange central Turkey. Journal of Geological Society of London, 150:541–550.
15
Floyd, P. A., 1993- Geochemical discrimination and petrogenesis of alkali basalt sequences in part of the Ankara mélange central Turkey. Journal of Geological Society of London, 150:541–550.
16
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17
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18
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24
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28
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29
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30
Pearce, J. A., 1982- Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. In: R.S. Thorpe (ed). Andesites, Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 528-548.
31
Pearce, J. A., 2003- Supra- subduction zone ophiolites: The search for modern analogues. In: Dilek Y and Newcomb S. Ophiolites concept and eveolution of geological thought. Geological Society of America. Special Paper, 373, Boulder, Colorado, 269-293.
32
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33
Pilger, A., 1971- Die zeitlich-tektonische Entwicklung der iranischen Gebirge clausthaler Geol. Abh., 8, pp. 1-27.
34
Pouclet, A., Lee, J. S., Vidal, P. & Cousens, B., 1994- Cretaceous to Cenozoic volcanism in South Korea and in the Sea of Japan: magmatic constraints on the opening of the back-arc basin. From Smellie, J.L. (ed.), 1995. Volcanism Associated with Extension at Consuming Plate Margins ,Geological Society of America, Special Publication No. 81,169-191.
35
Robertson, A., 2002- Overview of the genesis and emplacement of Mesozoic ophiolites in the Eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. Lithos, 65, 1-67.
36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
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42
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43
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44
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45
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46
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47
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48
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49
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50
Tankut, A., Dilek, Y. & Piril, O., 1998- Petrology and geochemistry of the Neo-Tethyan volcanism as revaled in the Ankara Melange, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85. 265-284.
51
Tian, L., Castillo, P. R., Hawkins, J. W., Hilton, D. R., Hanan, B. H. & Pietruszka, A. J., 2008- Major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotope signatures of lavas from the centeral Lau Basin: implications for the nature and influence of subduction components in the back-arc mantle. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 178, 657-670.
52
Vaziri-Tabar, F., 1976- Geologie und petrographie der ophiolithe und ihrer volcanosedimentaren Folge-prudukte im Ostleil des Bvergzugs nordlich Sabzevar/Khorasan (Iran). Theses Univ, Saarbucken. 152p.
53
Wood, D. A., 1980- The applications of a Th–Hf–Ta diagram to problems of tectonomagmatic classification and to establishing the nature of crustal contamination of basaltic lavas of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 50, 11–30.
54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seismotectonic of the Eastern Alborz with a Point of View to the South of Damghan MW=5.7 Earthquake
The Shahroud fault system plays important role in seismotectonic of the eastern Alborz. In this paper we have surveyed the seismicity of the middle-eastern Alborz and its southern area. At this investigation, the data of the Geological Survey of Iran local seismological networks, the seismological networks of the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Tehran and the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology of Iran were used for processing the focal mechanism of micro-earthquakes and the south of Damghan earthquake and its greatest aftershock. Distribution of the micro-earthquakes and the south of Damghan events epicenters indicate intense activity of the Shahroud fault system and the Toroud fault. Focal mechanisms of them shows near vertical dipping of the faults and left lateral mechanism of the western segments of the fault system and the Toroud fault. The focal mechanisms suggest the Astaneh, Chashm and Firouzkuh faults from the system fault behave in a same manner with no deference between them at depth and have seismic potential proportion to their total length. Also due to left lateral mechanism of the south of Damghan earthquakes, Toroud fault treats like of the eastern Alborz seismotectonically and this area could cover Toroud fault.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54070_3dc5d3b5b8095156934c899f3adc8d4b.pdf
2013-02-19
87
98
10.22071/gsj.2012.54070
Shahroud Fault System
Microseismicity
Mechanism
Local Network
Eastern Alborz
M.
Nemati
majid_1974@uk.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Science & Earthquake Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iarn
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Hatzfeld
2
Professor, Laboratoire de G´eophysique Interne et Tectonophysique, CNRS, UJF, Grenoble, France
AUTHOR
M. R.
Gheitanchi
mrghchee@ut.ac.ir
3
Professor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Talebian
morteza.talebian@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Institute for Earth Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Mirzaei
5
Associate Pprofessor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Sadidkhouy
6
Assistant Professor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
آرین، م. و قرشی، م.، 1385- ارزیابى توان حرکتى گسلهاى کواترنرى در منطقه مرزى البرز- ایران مرکزى، از خاور تهران تا خاور سمنان، فصلنامه علوم زمین شماره59، مقاله آخر.
1
بربریان، م.، قرشی، م.، طالبیان، م. و شجاع طاهری، ج.، 1375- پژوهش و بررسی نو زمینساخت، لرزهزمینساخت و خطر زمینلرزه – گسلش در گستره سمنان، گزارش شماره63 ، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
درویش زاده، ع.، 1370- کتاب زمینشناسی ایران.
3
شکری، م.، قرشی، م.، نظری، ح.، سلامتی، ر.، طالبیان، م.، ریتز، ج.- ف.، محمدخانی، ح. و شاهپسندزاده، م.، 1388- نخستین نتایج حفر ترانشه دیرینه زمینلرزه شناسی روی گسل آستانه، مجله علوم زمین، جلد 18، شماره 70: 1023-7429.
4
فیضی، ف. و آرین، م.، 1385- ردهبندی پیشانیهای رانده در مرز ساختاری البرز- ایران مرکزی از خاور ورامین تا خاور سمنان، مجله علوم پایه دانشگاه آزاد، شماره 61 – ویژه نامه زمینشناسی، پاییز 1385، صفحه 87-75.
5
نبوی، م .ح.،1354 - نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000، سمنان، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
6
نعمتی، م.، هتسفلد، د.، قیطانچی، م.، سدیدخوی، ا.، میرزایی، ن. و مرادی، ع.، 1390- بررسی لرزه خیزی گسل آستانه در البرز خاوری، مجله فیزیک زمین و فضا، جلد 37، 2-1390.
7
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Palynostratigraphy and Reconsideration of the Shemshak Group Based on Dinoflagellate Cysts
The Nayband Formation was sampled at Chal-Sefid and Zard mountains in central Iran, for palynology and palynostratigraphy in order to take the advantage of dinoflagellate cysts to locate the Triassic and so called Jurassic boundary. The Chal-Sefid section is located about 45 km southwest of Kashan city and Zard Mountain some 70 km northeast of Esfahan. The studied strata attain a thickness of 1750 meters in Chal-Sefid and 1820 meters in Zard Mountain. They consists sandstone and shale beds. Totally 75 samples from Chal-Sefid and 22 samples from Zard Mountain were collected and treated in the Palynology laboratory of the Geological Survey of Iran. The recorded dinoflagellate cyst species were differentiated in four palynozones in Chal-Sefid and two palynozones in Zard Mountain as follows: Chal-Sefid section: Palynozone 1: Rhaetogonyaulax wigginsii, encompasses 160 meters of the section, suggesting an early to middle Norian age. Palynozone 2: Suessia listeri with a thickness of 140 meters, suggesting a middle Norian age. Palynozone 3: Hebecysta balmei encompasses 550 meters of the section, suggesting middle to late Norian age. Palynozone 4: Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica with a thickneses of 900 meters suggests an early to middle Rhaetian age. Zard Mountain section: Palynozone 1: Hebecysta balmei, encompasses 442 meters of the section, suggesting a middle to late Norian age. Palynozone 2: Raetogonyaulax rhaetica, encompasses 491 meters of the section, suggesting an early to middle Rhaetian age. It is revealed that all the rock units investigated here are of late Triassic age and no evidence of Jurassic ages was identified.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54071_f5f2b2362966b372f5ada8d7407a28e9.pdf
2013-02-19
99
106
10.22071/gsj.2012.54071
Late Triassic
Palynozonation
Dinoflagellate cysts
Central Iran
E.
Ghasemi-Nejad
eghaseminejad@khayam.ut.ac.ir
1
Professor, School of Geology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran,
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.,
Asadi
2
M. Sc., Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Shahmoradi
3
2 M. Sc., Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Aghanabati
4
Associate Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
T.
Mohtat
tayebehmohtat@yahoo.com
5
Ph.D., Paleontology Group, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع.، 1377- چینهشناسی ژوراسیک ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشورکتاب شماره 65، 746 صفحه.
1
رادفر، ج. و کهنسال، م.، 1381- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000کوهپایه،سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
رادفر، ج.، 1380- نقشه زمینشناسی یکصد هزار کاشان، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
موسوی، م. ج.، 1381- پالینواستراتیگرافی، پالئواکولوژی، پالئوژئوگرافی و محیط رسوبی گروه شمشک (سازند نایبند) در دامنه جنوبی و شمالی کوه نایبندان. پایان نامه P.h.D . دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات.
4
اطلس راههای ایران، 1386- انتشارات گیتاشناسی.
5
References
6
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9
Ghasemi-Nejad, E., Agha-Nabati, A. & Dabiri, O., 2004 - Late Triassic dinoflagellate cysts from the base of the Shemshak Group in north of Alborz Mountains, Iran. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 132: 207-217.
10
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11
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Senowbari-Daryan, B. & Hamedani, A., 1999- Thalamid sponges from the Upper Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) Nayband Formation near Wali Abad, SE Abadeh, Central Iran. Riv. Ital. Paleont. Stratigr 105:79–100.
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Seyed - Emami , K., 2003 -Triassic in Iran. Facies, Vol. 48, PP. 91-106
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Traverse, A., 2007- Paleopalynology, 2nd edition. Springer The Netherlands: 813 p.
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Warrington, G., 1977- Palynological examination of Triassic (Keuper Marl and Rhaetic) deposits northeast and east of Bristol. Proceedings of the Ussher Society 4, 76-81.
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Warrington, G. & Whittaker, A., 1984- The Blue Anchor Formation (Late Triassic) in Somerset. Proceedings of the Ussher Society 6 100-107.
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ground Water Exploration in Karst Terrains using Geoelectrical Tomography, Southwest Izeh
To determine the ground water potential of the karst aquifers, in the southwest of Izeh, three profiles and 62 vertical electrical sounding (VES) conducted by Schlumberger array, eight profiles were performed using dipole-dipole configuration, and 3-D configuration applied in two sites. However, Schlumberger tomography with high investigation depth (about 180 m) may be shows the different zone of karst aquifer but because of 50-100 m of VES spacing has not the detectability of cavities with lower than 50 m diameter. The results show that Ilam-Sarvak limestone is similar to hard rocks while Asmari formation has been identified as developed karst with high matrix porosity. The results in the 2-D geoelectrical tomography using a dipole-dipole configuration, shows that, compared to an electrode spacing of 5 m, an electrode spacing of 1 or 2 m has a higher ability to delineate karst voids. Because of the higher depth of the investigation, however, the longer electrode spacing allowed obtaining a comprehensive insight of different parts of karst regions. The high resolution 3-D electrical tomography has a good ability to detection of geological features and karst voids. The geoelectric results and interpretation of tomograms have been asserted by drilling success of four wells with high yield at Asmari formation and two wells with moderate yield at Ilam-Sarvak formation.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54074_f3c4c9aeedf73471b6916d5699149fd5.pdf
2013-02-19
107
118
10.22071/gsj.2012.54074
Ground water
karst
Geoelectric
Tomography
Izeh
H. R.
Nassery
hamidrezanassery@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Alijani
falijani2000@yahoo.co.uk
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Nakhaei
nakhaeimohammad@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Faculty of Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
درویشزاده، ع.، 1370- زمینشناسی ایران، نشر دانش امروز.
1
معاونت مطالعات پایه و طرحهای جامع منابع آب خوزستان، 1388- گزارش آماربرداری ماهانه منابع آب، سازمان آب و برق خوزستان.
2
ناصری، ح. ر.، علیجانی، ف.، و نخعی، م.، 1389- مقایسه خصوصیات هیدرودینامیک سیستم کارست سازندهای آسماری و ایلام – سروک در تاقدیسهای جنوب غرب ایذه، نخستین کنفرانس ملی پژوهشهای کاربردی منابع آب ایران، کرمانشاه.
3
References
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El-Quady, G., Monteiro Santos, F. A., Hassaneen, A. G. & Trindade, L., 2005- 3-D inversion of VES data from Saqqara archaeological area Egypt, Near Surf. Geophys., pp. 227–233
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Kaufmann, G. & Romanov, D., 2009- Geophysical investigation of a sink in the northern Harz foreland (North Germany). Environmental Geology, 58, 2, pp. 401–405.
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Leucci, G. & De Giorgi, L., 2005- Integrated geophysical surveys to assess the structural conditions of a karstic cave of archaeological importance. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, pp. 17–22.
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Loke, M. H., 1999- Electrical imaging survey environment and engineering studies: a practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys, San Jose, Geometrics.
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Loke, M. H. & Barker, R.D., 1996- Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method, Geophysical Prospecting, 44, pp. 131– 152.
12
Meads, N. L., Bentley, L.R. & Mendoza, C.A., 2003- Application of electrical resistivity imaging to the development of a geologic model for a proposed Edmonton landfill site, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40, pp. 551–558.
13
Militzer, H., Rosler, R. & Losch, W., 1979- Theoretical and experimental investigations for cavity research with geoelectrical resistivity methods, Geophys Prospect, 27, pp. 640–652
14
Neyamadpour, A., Taib, S. & Abdullahi, W.A.T., 2009- An application of three-dimensional electrical resisitivity imaging for the detection of an underground waste-water system, Stud. Geophys. Geod., 53 , pp. 389-402.
15
Nguyen, F., Garambois, S., Jongmans, D., Pirard, E. & Loke, M. H., 2005- Image processing of 2D resistivity data for imaging faults, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 57, pp. 260–277.
16
Panno, S. V., Wiebel, C. P., Heigold, P. C. & Reed, P. C., 1994- Formation of regolith collapse sinkholes in southern Illinois: Interpretation and identification of associated buried cavities. Environmental Geology, 23, pp. 214-220.
17
Radulescu, V., Radulescu, F., Diacopolos, C. & Popescu, M., 2007- Geoelectrical study for delineating underground cavities in karst areas, Coastal Zone Processes and Management. Environmental Legislation, GEO-ECO-MARINA, pp. 89-95.
18
Represas, P., Monteiro Santos, F.A., Mateus, A., Figueiras, J., Barroso, M., Martins, R., Oliveira, V., Nolasco da Silva, M. & Matos, J.X., 2005- A case study of two and three-dimensional inversion of dipole–dipole data: the Enfermarias Zn–Pb (Ag,Sb,Au) prospect (Moura, Portugal), Near Surf. Geophys., pp. 321–231.
19
Satarugsa, P., Meesawat, N., Manjai, D., Yangsanpoo, S. & Arjwech, R., 2004- Man-made cavity imaging with 2D resistivity technique, International Conference on Applied Geophysics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, pp. 203-210.
20
Schrott, L. & Sass, O., 2008- Application of field geophysics in geomorphology: advances and limitations exemplified by case studies, Geomorphology, 93, pp. 55–73.
21
Slater, L. & A., Binley, 2003- Evaluation of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) integrity using electrical imaging methods, Geophysics, 68, pp. 911-921.
22
Soupios, P. M., Georgakopoulos, P., Papadopoulos, N., Saltas, V., Andeadakis, A., Vallianatos, F., Sarris, A. & Makris, J. P., 2007- Use of engineering geophysics to investigate a site for a building foundation, J. Geophys. Eng., 4, pp. 94-103.
23
Sultan, S.A. & Monteiro Santos, F.A., 2008- 1D and 3D resistivity inversions for geotechnical investigation, J. Geophys. Eng., 5, pp. 1–11.
24
Van Schoor, M., 2002- Detection of sinkholes using 2D electrical resistivity imaging, Applied Geophysics Journal, 50, pp. 393-399.
25
Zhou, W., Beck, B. F. & Adams, A. L., 2002- Effective electrode array in mapping karst hazards in electrical resistivity tomography, Environmental Geology, 42, pp. 922-928.
26
Zhou, W., Beck, B. F. & Stephenson, B. J., 1999- Defining the bedrock/overburden boundary in covered karst terranes using dipole–dipole electrical resistivity tomography, In: Powers M.H., Ibrahim A.B., Cramer L. (eds): Proc Symp Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Oakland, California, 14 –18 March 1999- Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Colorado, pp. 331–339.
27
درویشزاده، ع.، 1370- زمینشناسی ایران، نشر دانش امروز.
28
معاونت مطالعات پایه و طرحهای جامع منابع آب خوزستان، 1388- گزارش آماربرداری ماهانه منابع آب، سازمان آب و برق خوزستان.
29
ناصری، ح. ر.، علیجانی، ف.، و نخعی، م.، 1389- مقایسه خصوصیات هیدرودینامیک سیستم کارست سازندهای آسماری و ایلام – سروک در تاقدیسهای جنوب غرب ایذه، نخستین کنفرانس ملی پژوهشهای کاربردی منابع آب ایران، کرمانشاه.
30
References
31
Dahlin, T., Bernstone, C. & Loke, M. H., 2002- A 3-D resistivity investigation of a contaminated site at Lernacken, Sweden. Geophysics, 67, 6, pp. 1692– 1700.
32
El-Quady, G., Monteiro Santos, F. A., Hassaneen, A. G. & Trindade, L., 2005- 3-D inversion of VES data from Saqqara archaeological area Egypt, Near Surf. Geophys., pp. 227–233
33
Geotomosoftware, 2004- RES2DINV and RES3DINV version 3.54 program, Geoelectrical Imaging geotomosoftware. Malaysia.
34
Guérin, R., Baltassat, J. M., Boucher, M., Chalikakis, K., Galibert, P.Y., Girard, J. F., Plagnes, V. & Valois, R., 2009- Geophysical characterisation of karstic networks – Application to the Ouysse system (Poumeyssen, France), C. R. Geoscience, 341, pp. 810–817.
35
Kaufmann, G. & Romanov, D., 2009- Geophysical investigation of a sink in the northern Harz foreland (North Germany). Environmental Geology, 58, 2, pp. 401–405.
36
Leucci, G. & De Giorgi, L., 2005- Integrated geophysical surveys to assess the structural conditions of a karstic cave of archaeological importance. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, pp. 17–22.
37
Loke, M. H., 1999- Electrical imaging survey environment and engineering studies: a practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys, San Jose, Geometrics.
38
Loke, M. H. & Barker, R.D., 1996- Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method, Geophysical Prospecting, 44, pp. 131– 152.
39
Meads, N. L., Bentley, L.R. & Mendoza, C.A., 2003- Application of electrical resistivity imaging to the development of a geologic model for a proposed Edmonton landfill site, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40, pp. 551–558.
40
Militzer, H., Rosler, R. & Losch, W., 1979- Theoretical and experimental investigations for cavity research with geoelectrical resistivity methods, Geophys Prospect, 27, pp. 640–652
41
Neyamadpour, A., Taib, S. & Abdullahi, W.A.T., 2009- An application of three-dimensional electrical resisitivity imaging for the detection of an underground waste-water system, Stud. Geophys. Geod., 53 , pp. 389-402.
42
Nguyen, F., Garambois, S., Jongmans, D., Pirard, E. & Loke, M. H., 2005- Image processing of 2D resistivity data for imaging faults, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 57, pp. 260–277.
43
Panno, S. V., Wiebel, C. P., Heigold, P. C. & Reed, P. C., 1994- Formation of regolith collapse sinkholes in southern Illinois: Interpretation and identification of associated buried cavities. Environmental Geology, 23, pp. 214-220.
44
Radulescu, V., Radulescu, F., Diacopolos, C. & Popescu, M., 2007- Geoelectrical study for delineating underground cavities in karst areas, Coastal Zone Processes and Management. Environmental Legislation, GEO-ECO-MARINA, pp. 89-95.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical Variations of Metamorphic Minerals in Basic Mylonitic and Metasomatized Rocks, NW Urumieh
Located in the NW Iran, in Sanadaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, the studied area mainly comprises of metamorphic and varied acidic-basic igneous originated rocks. Basic metamorphic rocks have been chemically controlled by two main metamorphic processes including metasomatism and dynamic deformation. Amphibole and plagioclase are of the most significant minerals occurring in the rocks. Here we represent the chemical variations of those metamorphic minerals in relation to their host rocks and prograde metamorphism. Mineral chemistry analyses of amphibole minerals reveal an increase in Al2O3, TiO2 and a decrease in MgO, MnO during mylonitization of gabbroic rocks. Affected by metasomatism, the Al2O3 and Na2O contents of amphiboles have been also increased. CaO content of plagioclase has declined; in contrast, Al2O3 and Na2O have raised during mylonitization and metasomatism processes. These variations are overally ruled by chemical composition of the intruded pluton, pressure-temperature condition, oxygen fugacity and occurrence of equilibrant phases. Increasing Al and Na brings about tschermakite substitution in the deformed amphiboles and edinite substitution in the metasomatized rocks respectively.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54075_f871e13075b97be399a926505efac3c5.pdf
2013-02-19
119
130
10.22071/gsj.2012.54075
Chemical variations
Basic metamorphic rocks
Mylonite
Metasomatism
Amphibole
Plagioclase
Urumieh
K.
Mohammadiha
k.mohammadiha@gmail.com
1
Master of Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Sabzehie
2
Ph.D., Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ghahraei pour
3
Master of Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Kosari Torbehbar
4
Master of Science, Renewable Energy Organisation of Iran (SUNA), Geothermal Division
AUTHOR
سبزهای، م.، محمدیها،ک. ،1383- نقشه زمینشناسی گنگجین (سرو)، مقیاس 1:100000،سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
1
محمدیها، ک.، 1379- پترولوژی دگرگونی سنگهای بازیک و الترابازیک برگه 50000 : 1 قولنجی (شمال ارومیه) پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علوم زمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
References
3
Bard, J. P., 1970- Composition of hornblendes formed during the hercynian progressive metamorphism of the Metamorphic Belt (SW Spain). Contr. Min. Petrol., 28:117-134
4
Cooper, A. F. & Lovering, J. F., 1970- Green schist amphiboles from River, New Zealand. Contr. Min. Petrol. , 27:11-24
5
Hashimoto, S., Grapes, R. H. & Miyashita, S., 1977- amphiboles of a metagabbro- amphibolite sequence, Hidaka Metamorphic Belt, Hokida. J. Petrol., 18:285-318.
6
Laird, J. & Albee, A.L., 1981- pressure, temperature and time indicators in mafic schist: their application to reconstructing the polymetamorphic history of Vermont. Am. J. Sci., 281:127-175.
7
Nyman, M. W. & Tracy, R. J., 1993- petrological evolution of amphibolite shear zones, Cheynne Belt, South-eastern Wyoming, U.S.A., J. metamorphic Geol., 11:757-773.
8
Shido, F., 1958- plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Nakora and Iritona Districts in the Centeral Akukuma plateau. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyou, sect II, 11:131-217.
9
Spear, F. S., 1981- An exprimental study hornblende stability and Compositional variability in amphibolites. Am. J. Sci., 281:697-734
10
Spear, F.S., 1993- Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths, 799pp.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Crustacean Microcoprolites from the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous of the Northern East and East Shiraz (Fars Province)
In this research two stratigraphic sections of Lower Cretaceouse to Upper Jurassic sedimentary (Surmeh and Fahliyan Formation in Folded-Zagros Zone) have been selected. Based on microfacies studies (in 400 thin-sections) three species of Ichnofossils microcoprolites from Crustaceans related as the Follow: Palaxius decaochetarius, Helicerina siciliana, Palaxius tetraochetarius, palaxius isp. In general, considering Ichnotaxons studies, two assemblage-zones were identified for microcoprolites Crustaceans. Assemblage-zone (No:1) of Tithonian to Berriasian and assemblage-zone (No:2) whichis lated of Valanginian, taxons Helicerina isp. Assemblage-zone (No:2) which is related.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54077_5cd795a49b82676d61d71a04fc8983fc.pdf
2013-02-19
131
134
10.22071/gsj.2012.54077
Microcoprolites of Crustaceans
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Surmeh Formation
Fahliyan formation
Zagros
Iran
F.
Rostami
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic – Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
V.
Ahmadi
v_ahmadi_geo@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology , Islamic – Azad University , Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Aguirre- urreta , M. B., 1989- The Cretaceous Decapod Crustacean of Argen tina and the Antartic peninsula. Palaeontology 32:199-552.
2
Blau, J., Moreno, M. & Senff, M. 1995- Palaxius Caucaensis . n.sp., a Crustacean Microcoprolite from the basal Nogales Formation (Cam – Panian to Maastrichtian )of Colombia . Micropaleontology 41:85-88.
3
Bromley, R. G., 1990 - Trace Fossils. Biology and Taphonomy . 28opp. Unwin Hyman. London.
4
Bronnimann, P. & Masse, J. P., 1968- Thalassinid (Anomura) Coprolites from Barremian-Aptian passage beds, Basse province, France. Revue de Micropaleontologie 11:153-160.
5
Bronnimann, P., 1972- Remarks on the Classification of Fossil anomuran Coprolites. Paleontologische Zeitschrift 46:99-103.
6
Buchs , D. M., Guex, J., Stucki, J. and Baumgartner, P. O., 2009- Paleocene Thalassinidea Colonization in deep - sea environment and the Coprolite Palaxius osaensis n. ichnosp . in Southern Costa. Rica , Revue de Micropaleontolgie52: 123-129.
7
Flügel , E., 2004- Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks .Analysis, Interpretation and Application .976pp. Springer – Verlag. Berlin.
8
Kietzmann, D. A. & R. M. Palma, 2010a- Primer registro de microcoprolitos de crustáceos de la Cuenca Neuquina: el icnogénero Palaxius en el Tithoniano de la Formación Vaca Muerta. Ameghiniana 47:257-261.
9
Legarreta , L. and uliana , M.A., 1991 - Jurassic – Cretaceous Marine . Scillations and geometry of back – arc basin Fill , Centrol Argentine Andes . International Association of Sedimentology , Special Publication 12:426- 450.
10
Powell, R. R., 1974- The Functional Morphology of the fore – guts of the thalassinid Crustaceans, Callianassa Californiesis and upogebia Pugettensis. University of California Publi cations in Zoology 10 2:1-47.
11
Schweigert, G., Seegis, D. B., Frls, A. & Leinfelder, R. R., 1997- Newin – ternally Structured de capod Microcopro lites from Germany (upper Triassic/ Lower Miocenel), Southern Spain (Lower / middle Jurassic ) and Portugal (upper Jurassic), taxonomy, Palaeoecology and evoloutionary implication . Palaontologische Zeitschrift 71:51-69.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kinematic Analysis of Geomorphic Markers and Estimation of the Relative Rate of Active Deformations along the Hormud Quaternary Fault- East of Central Zagros
Young deformations and folds are one of the impressive characteristics of Zagros simple folded belt. The studied structure is Hormud fault-related fold which is situated in the coastal Fars and the southward of Lar town. In order to illustrate the geometry of the studied structure and its kinematic relationship with north and south structures, a structural cross section with ~27 km length from NE to SW was prepared. This study showed that Hormud anticline has been formed in the footwall of Lar fault, synchronous with kinematic reorganization in the core of Lar anticline and increasing horizontal stresses. Interpretation of crustal young deformations in the vicinity of the footwall of Lar fault indicates that Hormud anticline is growing in the form of a constant limb length detachment fold. Estimation of relative shortening rate (0.9± 0.2) for south limb of Hormud anticline is showing its fast growth in the form of a rocket fold which was associated by fast propagation of Hormud fault toward the surface. As a consequence of this process, kinematic model of Hormud anticline changes from a constant limb length detachment fold to a shear fault bend fold. Estimations predict 0.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr relative uplift rate for young Hormud anticline in its crest.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54078_d1e8bb8f872b9acbfb101675efdbebba.pdf
2013-02-19
135
142
10.22071/gsj.2012.54078
Hormud anticline
Detachment Fold
Relative uplift rate
Relative shortening rate
Kinematic markers
Kh.
Hashemi
hashemi.a356@gmail.com
1
M. Sc., Research Institute of Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Oveisi
2
Ph.D., Seismotectonic and Seismology Department, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Saeedi
abdollahsaidi@yahoo.fr
3
Ph.D., Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
اویسی، ب. و یوسفی، ت.، 1378- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 لار، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
1
رده، ا.، 1370- ترجمه کتاب «تاریخ زمینلرزههای ایران»، نوشته امبرسیز، ن. ن. و ملویل، چ. پ.، مؤسسه انتشارات آگاه.
2
هاشمی، خ.، 1389- برآورد نرخ نسبی تغییرشکلهای فعال در گستره زاگرس خاوری (با نگاهی ویژه به تاقدیس لار و هرمود)، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علوم زمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
References
4
Amos, C. B., Burbank, D. W., Nobes, D. C. & Read, S. A. L., 2007- Geomorphic constraints on listric thrust faulting: Implications for active deformation in the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand: J. Geophys. Res., 11 2, B03S11, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004291.
5
Berberian, M., 1995- Master ‘blind’ thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds: active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics: Tectonophysics, 241, 193–224.
6
Hardy, S. & Poblet, J., 1995- The velocity description of deformation. Pape r 2: sediment geometries associated with fault bend and fault- propagation folds: Marine Petrol. Geol., 12, 165-176.
7
Hardy, S. & Poblet, J., 2005- A method for relating fault geometry, slip rate and uplift data above fault-propagation folds: Basin Research, 17, 417-424.
8
Jackson, J. A. & McKenzie, D. P., 1988- The relationship between plate motion and seismic moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East: Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 93, 4 5 – 73.
9
Jackson, J.,Bouchon, M., Fielding, E., Funning, G., Ghorashi, M., Hatzfeld, D., Nazari, H., Parsons, B., Priestley, K., Talebian, M., Tatar, M., Walker, R. & Wright, T., 2006-Seismotectonic, rupture process and earthquake hazard aspects of the 2003 December 26 Bam, Iran, earthquake: Geophys. J. Int., 166, 1270–1292.
10
Keller, E. A., Gurrola, L. & Tierney, T. E., 1999- Geomorphic criteria to determine direction of lateral propagation of reverse faulting and folding: Geolog y, 27, 515-518.
11
Lettis, W. R., Wells, D. L. & Baldwin, J. N., 1997- Empirical observations regarding reverse earthquakes, blind thrust faults, and quaternary deformation: are blind thrust faults truly blind? Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87 (5), 1171 – 1198.
12
Masson, F., Ch´ery, J., Hatzfeld, D., Martinod, J., Vernant, P., Tavakoli, F. & Ghafory-Ashtiani, M., 2005- Seismic versus aseismic deformation in Iran inferred from earthquakes and geodetic data: Geophys. J. Int., 160, 217–226.
13
Oveisi, B., Lav´e, J. & Van Der Beek, P. A., 2007- Rates and processes of active folding evidenced by Pleistocene terraces at the central Zagros front (Iran), in Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins, pp. 265–285, eds Lacombe, O., Lav´e, J., Roure, F. & Verg`es, J. Springer-Verlag “Frontiers in Earth Sciences” Series,.
14
Oveisi, B., Lavé, J., Van Der Beek, P., Carcaillet, J., Benedetti, L. & Aubourg, Ch., 2008- Thick- and thin-skinned deformation rates in the central Zagros simple folded zone (Iran) indicated by displacement of geomorphic surfaces: Geophys. J. Int.
15
Scharer, K. M., Burbank, D. W., Chen, J. & Weldon, R. J., 2006- Kinematic models of fluvial terraces over active detachment folds: constraints on the growth mechanism of the Kashi-Atushi fold system, Chinese Tian Shan: GSA Bulletin 118 , 1006-1021.
16
Sella, G. F., Dixon, T. H. & Mao, A., 2002- REVEL: A model for Recent plate velocities from space geodesy, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, NO. B4, 2081, 10.1029/2000JB000033.
17
Sherkati, S. & Letouzey, J., 2004- Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran: Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21, 535-554.
18
Sherkati, S., Letouzey, J. & Frizon de Lamotte, D., 2006- The Central Zagros fold-thrust belt (Iran): New insights from seismic data, field observation and sandbox modeling: Tectonics, 25, doi: 10.1029/2004TC001766.
19
Stein, R. & Yeats, R. S., 1989- Hidden earthquake. Scientific American, v. 260, no. 6, 48-57.
20
Stein, R. S. & King, G. C. P., 1984- Seismic potential revealed by surface folding: 1983 Coalinga, California earthquake: Science, 224: 869-872.
21
Tatar, M., Hatzfield, D. & Ghafory-Ashtiyani, M., 2004- Tectonics of the Central Zagros (Iran) deduced from microearthquake seismicity. Geophysical Journal International 156, 255–266.
22
Walpersdorf, A., Hatzfeld, D., Nankali, H., Tavakoli, F., Nilforoushan, F., Tatar, M., Vernant, P., Chéry, J. & Masson, F., 2006- Difference in the GPS deformation pattern of North and Central Zagros (Iran): Geophys. J. Int., 167, 1077–1088.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rhenium Distribution and Its Controlling Factors in Molybdenite Types of Kerman Porphyry Copper Deposits
In present study, Re concentration determined in 30 hexagonal (2H) and trigonal (3R) molybdenite samples belong to veinlets of different stages of hypogene mineralization from 7 porphyry Cu and Mo deposits from Kerman region. Re concentration in molybdenites of these ore deposits varied from 49 g/t to 1449 g/t which are in Re concentration range of other porphyry Cu and Mo deposits around the world. In general, 3R molybdenites show the higher Re concentration (average ~ 563 g/t) than those of 2H molybdenites (average ~ 479 g/t). Variations of Re concentration in molybdenite types deposited during different stages of hypogene mineralization indicate more concentration of Re in molybdenites precipitated with transitional (B-type veins) and late (D-type veins) stages of mineralization than those of early stage veinlets (A-type veins). This distribution suggest that Re with more acidic and cooler hydrothermal fluids at the transitional and the late stages of porphyry system evolution is more concentrated with silicification, sericitization, and argillization alterations. Present study indicated that molybdenites with high Re content are associated with porphyry copper deposits which are characterized by low average grade of Mo, limited contents of molybdenite, and also their productive intrusive is resulted from significant contribution of mantle-derived magmas respect to crustal materials.In addition to abovementioned signatures, frequency of 3R poly-type of molybdenite in ore deposits, less fractionated and more calcic composition of productive intrusive of ore deposits with their less radiogenic of Sr and Pb isotope ratios, as well as occurrence of late stages of acidic and low temperature hydrothermal alteration and mineralization processes in formation and evolution history of ore deposits are signatures of porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits with high Re contents.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54079_fd9ccd4818982dca5d18c1f9984b1faf.pdf
2013-02-19
143
154
10.22071/gsj.2012.54079
Rhenium
Molybdenite
Cu porphyry
Kerman
B.
Shafiei
behnam.shafiei@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Lali faz
2
M.Sc., Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gh. H.
Shamanian
gh.shamanian@gu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Taghizadeh
4
M.Sc., Senior expert, Exploration and Development Engineering Affairs, SarCheshmeh Copper Complex, National Iranian Copper Industries Co. Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Hossaini
5
Expert of Research and Development Affairs, SarCheshmeh Copper Complex, National Iranian Copper Industries Co. Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Mathur
6
Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA
AUTHOR
سلطانینژاد، س.، 1389- مطالعه توزیع و رفتار ژئوشیمیایی مولیبدن درکانسار پورفیری تحت اکتشاف نوچون (جنوب معدن مس سرچشمه رفسنجان) پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه گلستان، 112 ص.
1
سلطانینژاد، س.، شفیعی، ب. و اصفهانیپور، ر.، 1389- رفتار زمینشیمیایی مولیبدن، مس و طلا در کانسار پورفیری نوچون، رفسنجان، نخستین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی اقتصادی ایران.
2
سلطانینژاد، س.، شفیعی، ب. و تقیزاده، ح.، 1389- دگرسانی و کانیسازی در کانسار مولیبدن- مس پورفیری نوچون، رفسنجان، هیجدهمین همایش بلور شناسی و کانیشناسی ایران.
3
شفیعی، ب.، شهابپور، ج. و سعدلو، م.، 1380- ویژگیهای ژئوشیمیایی، سرشت و خاستگاه طلا و نقره ژرفزاد در کانسار مس پورفیری سرچشمه کرمان. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علومزمین، سال هشتم، شماره 33-34، صفحات 34-49.
4
صالحیان، م. و قادری، م.، 1389- تکامل هیدروترمالی کانسار مس پورفیری درآلو، جنوب کرمان، نخستین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی اقتصادی ایران.
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قاسمی، ق.، علیرضایی، س. و ایرانمنش، م. ر.، 1389- ویژگیهای زمینشناسی و دگرسانی در محدوده اکتشافی کرور، جبالبارز استان کرمان، چهاردهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران و بیست و هشتمین گردهمایی علوم زمین.
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64
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microbiostratigraphy and Microfacies of Tale-Zang Formation in Lorestan Basin
In this study, the Sediments of Taleh-Zang Formation was investigated in South West of Khoramabad. The thickness of Taleh-Zang Formation in Qalebi section measured 200m. In this section the sediment of Taleh-Zang Formation is isoclines between Amiran Formation at the base, and Kashkan Formation at the top. This Formation composed of gray limestone with chert nodules and Sandy Limestone. The study of samples taken from the studied section led to identification 28 genera and 4 species of benthonic Foraminifera and 6 genera and 2 species of green algae. The benthonic Foraminifera of the measured section were used to recognized the age of Succession and justify their correlation Based on the recognized Foraminifera such as Miscellanea miscella. The Qalebi section is Comparable to biozonation introduced by Wynd (1965). It is analogous to Miscellanea – Kathina assemblage zone (No# 43). According to distribution of the index Foraminifera, the age of the Sediments in Qalebi Section is Thanetian.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54080_597c500ed698578eabe178f06448390a.pdf
2013-02-19
155
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54080
Tale-Zang Formation
Paleocene
Thanetian
Biozonation
Microbiostratigraphy
P.
Rajabi
p.rajabi@mail.com
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
I.
M. Moghadam
irajmmms@yahoo.co.uk
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Gharib
gfariborz@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor , Department of Geology, Ashtian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian, Iran
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع .، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
1
خسروتهرانی، خ.،1370- میکروپالئونتولوژی کاربردی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 357 صفحه.
2
خسروتهرانی، خ.،1370- اطلس میکروبیوفاسیسها، جلد دوم، مرکز انتشارات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی.
3
رجبی، پ.، 1386- میکروبیواستراتیگرافی و میکروفاسیس سازند آهکی تلهزنگ در جنوب باختر خرمآباد، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خرمآباد .
4
کلانتری، ا.، 1365- شناخت رخسارههای میکروسکوپی سنگهای کربناته ایران، شرکت ملی نفت ایران،شماره 11، 357 صفحه.
5
کلانتری، ا.،1371- سنگ چینهای و رخسارههای میکروسکوپی زاگرس، انتشارات شرکت ملی نفت ایران،421 صفحه.
6
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- چینهشناسی زاگرس، طرح تدوین کتاب سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
7
مغفوری مقدم، ا.، 1386- ریزچینهنگاری سازند تلهزنگ در حوضه لرستان، فصلنامه زمینشناسی کاربردی، سال 3، شماره 4، 284 -294 .
8
References
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Bolli, M., 1957c- ‘’Planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando Formation of Trinidad’’, B. W. I. Bull., U.S. Natl., Mus., Vol. 215: 321-336.
10
BouDagher-Fadel, M. K., 2008.- Evolution and Geological Significance of Larger Benthic-Foraminifera, evelopments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 21, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 544.
11
Henson, F. R. S., 1950- Middle Eastern Tertiary Peneroplidae (Foraminifera), with Remarks on the Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Family. Wakefield. 70 pp. 10 pls.
12
James, G. A. & Wynd, J. G., 1969- StratigraphicNomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium greementArea,A.A.p.G. Bulletin, vol.49, No.12. pp2218-2232.
13
Kalantary, A., 1969- Microbiostratigraphy of the Cretaceous Lower Eocene Sucession Khoramabad-Kermanshah area (W.Iran),the Iranian petroleum insitutue,Bulten no48,pp:1-24
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15
Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H., 1964- Foraminiferal Classification and Evolution. Journal of the Geological Society of India 5:5-39.
16
Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H., 1988- Foraminiferal genera and their classification.970pp.
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Racey, A., 1994- Biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeographic significance of Tertiary nummulitids (foraminifera) from northern Oman. In: Simmons, M.D. (Ed.), Micropalaeontology and Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Middle East. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 343–367.
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21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Changing Rare Earth and Trace Elements during the Migmatization of the Qori Metabasic Rocks, Neyriz, SW Iran
A barrovian-type metamorphism occurred in the mafic rocks from the Qori complex (South Sanandaj - Sirjan zone), because of a regional arc-related metamorphism with a peak metamorphic condition of 700 °C and 8.5 kbar at 147 million years ago. As a result of the process, the rocks changed to migmatite. Trondhjemitic granitoids were formed as the dike form because parts of the melts can be extracted from the migmatites. Decreasing and increasing trace and rare earth elements in the amphibolites and trondhjemites were resulted of stability or instability in the metamorphic minerals during peak of the metamorphism, which caused migmatization and also formation of trondhjemite. Based on the partition coefficients of elements in different minerals, light rare earth elements (LREE) were mostly controlled by hornblende and garnet and apatite (but not a lot) during the partial melting of the amphibolites. Related to the LREE, heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and Y were controlled by apatite and garnet. Elements with high field strength (HFS), such as Zr, Nb, Ta and Th were controlled and distributed by hornblende and ilmenite. Large ionic lithophile elements (LILE) such as Sr, Ba and Rb showed that plagioclase and biotite were main minerals to control and distribute the elements. The evidence suggests that the Qori trondhjemitic granitoids are similar to the Al-poor trondhjemites, which are the result of partial melting of the garnet-hornblende from the amphibolitic protolith in presence of calcic plagioclase as stable phase.
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54082
Geochemical-mineralogical diagram
Mafic migmatite
Amphibolite
Trondhjemite
Partition coefficient
A. N.
Fazlnia
a.fazlnia@urmia.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
سبزهئی، م.، نوازی، م.، قوردل، م.، حمدی، س. ب.، روشنروان، ج. و اشراقی س. ا.، 1372- نقشه1:250000 نیریز، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
1
درانی، م. و مرادیان، ع.، 1386- بررسی ژئوشیمی و تکتونوماگمایی تودههای گابرویی جنوبباختر شهرستان شهربابک، استان کرمان، مجله بلورشناسی و کانیشناسی ایران، شماره 1، صفحات 193تا210.
2
فضلنیا، ع. ن.، 1389- مدلبندی ژئوشیمیایی ذوب بخشی زنولیتهای میگماتیتی تله پهلوانی، شهربابک، مجله پترولوژی، شماره 1 (بهار)، صفحات 13 تا 26.
3
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Engineering Geological Model of the Western Caspian Sea Coast
The overview of geological condition of an area is too important for land-use planning. An engineering geological model can provide this overview. In this research, based on carried out studies and investigations, a model is given that shows the general engineering geological conditions of sediments in western Caspian Sea coast. This research is based on geomorphological, geological, sedimentological, hydrogeological and geotechnical studies. In this model, land units with similar behavior are defined and then the engineering geological characteristics and relevant geological hazards of these units are quantified. This model cannot be used as detail site investigation but serves as useful tool for preliminary investigation. This model helps to better design of field surveys as well as optimal selection of investigation methods for future civil engineering projects.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54083_9e4d4f74b3a3a332e1228b19ff2e5b27.pdf
2013-02-19
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54083
Western Caspian Sea coast
Engineering geological model
Geotechnical characteristics
Geological hazards
M. R.
Nikudel
nikudelm@modares.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Hashemi
hashemi60@gmail.com
2
Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Hafezi Moghaddas
nhafezi@um.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Khamehchiyan
4
Associate Professor, Dept. of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
سازمان بنادر و دریانوردی، 1384- مطالعات مدیریت یکپارچه مناطق ساحلی کشور (ICZM)، نقشههای شکل اراضی مناطق ساحلی با مقیاس 1:25،000.
1
سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور ،1377- نقشههای زمینشناسی آستارا و رضوانشهر-خلخال با مقیاس 1:100،000.
2
شرکت سهامی آب منطقهای گیلان، 1388- مطالعات مرحله اول سد مخزنی خرمنگاه.
3
شرکت سهامی آب منطقهای گیلان،1389- گزارش بهنگام سازی تلفیق مطالعات منابع آب، حوضه آبریز رودخانههای سفیدرود بزرگ و تالش-تالاب انزلی.
4
شهرابی م.، 1371- ترجمه کتاب "زمین شناسی کواترنر کرانههای دریای خزر"، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، چاپ اول، نوشته:; Paluska, A. and Degens, E.T., 1980 120 صفحه.
5
مرادی هرسینی، ک.، 1386- بررسی ویژگیهای زمینشناسی مهندسی نهشتههای محیطهای رسوبی عهدحاضر در جنوب دشت خوزستان، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، رساله دوره دکتری زمینشناسی مهندسی به راهنمایی دکتر ماشااله خامهچیان، 362 صفحه.
6
نوگل سادات م.، 1370- مطالعات جامع زمینشناسی گیلان، استانداری گیلان.
7
وزارت راه و ترابری، شرکت مادر تخصصی ساخت و توسعه زیربناهای حمل و نقل کشور، 1388- گزارشهای تحقیقات و مطالعات ژئوتکنیک مسیر راه آهن رشت به آستارا.
8
وزارت راه و ترابری، شرکت مادر تخصصی ساخت و توسعه زیربناهای حمل و نقل کشور، 1384- گزارشهای تحقیقات و مطالعات ژئوتکنیک مسیر بزرگراه آستارا تالش.
9
وزارت نیرو، دفتر کل برنامهریزی کلان آب و آبفا، 1389- بهنگام سازی طرح جامع آب کشور، مطالعات آب زیرزمینی حوضه آبریز تالش-تالاب انزلی.
10
وزارت نیرو، شرکت مدیریت پروژههای نیروگاهی ایران، مپنا. ،1381- گزارش مطالعات مرحله اول سیستم آبگیر نیروگاه سیکل ترکیبی پرهسر.
11
هاشمی م.، نیکودل م.، حافظی مقدس ن.، خامهچیان م.، 1389- بررسی ویژگیهای زمینشناسی مهندسی واحدهای رسوبی سواحل غربی دریای خزر، چهارمین همایش ملی زمینشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، مشهد، دانشگاه پیام نور.
12
References
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33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Seismic, Geodetic and Geologic Moment Rates in Eastern Alborz and Kopeh Dagh
The north east of Iran, extending from central Alborz to Kopeh Dagh Mountains, is one of the most seismically active regions of Iran. Several large and ancient cities are located in this region and thus provide relatively reach documented history of earthquakes. Numerous active faults have been known in this area, some of them have already been under geological investigations, yet many needs to be studied. However, recent geodetic measurements provide a general view about rates of strike slip and shortening across the region. This study evaluates potential of implementing geologic and geodetic data in seismic hazard assessment in this part of Iran. To achieve this, the region of study has been divided to 5 structural zones. The moment accumulating rate was then calculated for each zone using both geological and geodetic measurements. This moment has been compared with moment released by earthquakes. Comparison of seismic moment released by instrumental and historical earthquakes with moment accumulating rate along major active faults suggest that geologic and geodetic data can be considered as a reliable source of information in seismic hazard analysis, especially where there is no sufficient record of earthquakes in the catalogs.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54084_f1e3b7ac631ff40ca79590b9496cde03.pdf
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Seismic moment
Geodetic data
Slip Rate
Seismic hazard
Kopeh Dagh
M.
Talebian
talebian@gsi.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
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Ambraseys, N. N. and Melville, C. P., 1982- A History of Persian earthquakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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Antoine, P., Bahain, J.-J., Berillon, G., Asgari Khaneghah, A., 2006- Tuf calcaire et se´quence alluviale en contexte tectonique actif: la formation de Baliran (province du Mazandaran, Iran). Quaternaire 17 (4), 321e331. Anto´n, S.C., Swisher III, C.C., 2004. Early dispersals of Homo from Africa. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 33, 271e296.
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Berberian, M., 1976- An explanatory note on the first seismotectonic map of Iran; A seismotectonic review of the country. In: Contribution to the seismotectonics of Iran (Part II), Geological Survey of Iran, Report No. 39. p.7-142.
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Berberian, M., 1981-Active Faulting and Tectonics of Iran, In: Zagros, Hindu-Kush, Himalayas Geodynamic Evolution, Gupta, H. K. and Delany, F. M. (eds), Geodyn. Ser. Am. Geophys. Union. 3, 33-69.
8
Berberian, M.,1995- Natural Hazards and the First Earthquake Catalogue of Iran, vol. 1, Historical Hazards i n Iran Prior to 1900,A U NESCO/IIEES Publication during U N/IDND International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Tehran, 603 + 66 pp.
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Fattahi, M., Walker, R., Hollingsworth, J., Bahroudi, A., Nazari, H., Talebian, M., Armitage, S. and Stokes, S., 2006- Holocene slip rate on the Sabzevar thrust fault, NE Iran, determined using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL): Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 245, p. 673–684, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.027.
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Kanamori, H. , 1977- "The energy release in great earthquakes". J. Geophys. Res. 82 (20): 2981–2876.
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Nazari, H., 2006- Analyse de la tectonique recente et active dans l'Alborz Central et la region de Teheran:Approche morphotectonique et paleoseismologique. Science de la terre et de l’eau. Montpellier, Montpellier II: 247.
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Nikonov, A. A., 1995- Active faults: Definition and identification problems, Research on Active Faults, 4. Beijing: Seismol. Press, P. 140-152.
22
Rizza, M., 2010- Analyses des vitesses et des déplacements co-sismiques sur des failles décrochantes en Mongolie et en Iran. Apport de la morphotectonique et de la paléosismologie. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculté des Sciences et techniques du Languedoc 1’Université Montpellier II (France), 378 p.
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Sto¨cklin, J., 1974- Northern Iran: Alborz mountains. In: Spencer, A. (Ed.), Mesozoic–Cenozoic orogenic belts: data for orogenic studies. Geological Society Special Publication 4, pp. 213–234.
24
Shabanian,E., Siame,L., Bellier,O., Benedetti, L., Abbassi,M.R., 2009- Quaternary slip rates along the northeastern boundary of the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone (Kopeh Dagh Mountains, Northeast Iran), 178, Issue 2, Pages 593–1182.
25
Shabanian,E., Bellier,O., Siame,L., Abbassi,M. R., Bourlès, D., Braucher, R., Farbod, Y., 2012- The Binalud Mountains: A key piece for the geodynamic puzzle of NE Iran, Tectonics, Volume 31, Issue 6,December 2012
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Sengor, A. M. C., 1989- The Tethyside orogenic system: An interoduction. Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region,Kluwer, 1-22
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Tatar, M., 2001- Etude Seismotectonique de deux Zones de collision continentale : Le Zagros Central et l'Alborz (Iran), These Ph.D, Joseph Fourier.
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Tatar,M., Jackson, J., Hatzfeld, D. and Bergman, E., 2007- The 28 May 2004 Baladeh Earthquake (Mw 6.2) in the Alborz, Iran: Overthrusting the South Caspian Basin margin, Partitioning of the Oblique Convergence, and Seismic Hazard of Tehran”, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 249-261.
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Tavakoli, F., 2007- Present-day kinematics of the Zagros and east of Iran faults, PhD thesis, University of Joseph Fourier, Grenoble.
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31
Talebian, M., Nazari, H. & Ghorashi, M., 2012- Active fault map of North-East Iran. Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran.
32
Vernant, P., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abassi, M., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtari, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F., Chery, J., 2004- Contemporary crustal deformation and plate kinematics in Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381–398.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Structure in the Chah Gaz Zn-Pb-Cu Massive Sulfide Deposit,South of Shahr-e -Babak
The Chah Gaz Zn-Pb-Cu volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is a polydeformed, polymetamorphosed ore body in southern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The ore bodies are comprised predominantly of stratiform, tabular and lenticular massive sulfide lenses and are elongated in 0600-0700 orientation. The host rocks and massive sulfides have been complexly deformed during three deformation stages (D1, D2, D3) and two associated episodes of green schist facies metamorphism (M1, M2) that all events occurred after middle Jurassic. The earliest structural elements in the mine area are bedding and continuous foliation (S1) that are preserved in the host rocks; include phyllites, slates and schists. F1 folds have not been identified in the ore bodies, Although they do recognized as shallowly to moderately plunging to NW and isoclinal folds within the Chah Gaz area. Geometry of ore bodies was mainly controlled by D2 structures (include folds and foliations). F2 plunge shallowly to NE or SW. F2 are close to open and their axial planes dip steeply to S and N. Ore bodies are commonly transposed from S0-S1 and show rearrangement parallel to axial planar foliation (AS2) and composite foliation (ST2). ST2 is vertical and strikes NE-SW. Sulfide minerals in the ore bodies have undergone extensive deformation, remobilization and dynamic recrystallisation during D2 tectono-thermal stage. D3 structures are locally controller of ore bodies and include folds and shear zones.
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54085
Polyphase Deformation
Massive sulfide Deposit
Chah Gaz
Sanandaj- Sirjan zone
South of Shahr-e-Babak
K.
Orang
keivan.orang@yahoo.com
1
Master of Science, Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mohajjel
mohajjel@modares.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Mousivand
fmousivand@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Rastad
4
Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
موسیوند، ف.، راستاد، ا.، پیتر، ج. و سولومون، م.، 1388-کانسار روی- مس- سرب چاه گز: کانیزایی سولفید تودهای تیپ Bathurst در ایران (چکیده). بیست و هفتمین گردهمایی علوم زمین.
1
مهندسان مشاور کاوشگران، 1369- مقدمهای بر زمینشناسی و کانیسازی سرب و روی منطقه چاه گز. گزارش نقشه 5000/1. وزارت معادن و فلزات. 128 صفحه.
2
مهندسان مشاور کاوشگران، 1372- شرح نقشههای 1000/1 منطقه معدنی سرب و روی چاه گز. جنوب باختر شهر بابک. وزارت معادن و فلزات. 120 صفحه.
3
References
4
Anver, S. H., 1984- Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, McGraw- Hill International Book Company, 696 p.
5
Atkinson, B. K., 1975- Experimental deformation of polycrystalline pyrite: effects of temperature, confining pressure, strain rate and porosity. Economic Geology, 70, 473– 487.
6
Barrie, C. D., Boyle, A. P. & Prior, D. J., 2007- An analysis of the microstructures developed in experimentally deformed polycrystalline pyrite and minor sulphide phases using electron backscatter diffraction. Journal of Structural Geology, 29, 1494–1511.
7
Barrie, C. D., Boyle, A. P. & Salter, M., 2009- How low can you go? Extending downwards the limits of plastic deformation in pyrite. Mineralogical Magazine, 73, 895-913.
8
Burnoll, L., 1968- Contribution a l’etude des gisments de plomb et zinc de l’ Iran. Geological survey of Iran. Report No.11.
9
Craig, J. R. & Vaughan, D. J., 1990- Compositional and textural variation of the major iron and base-metal sulphide minerals, in: Gray et al. (eds.) Sulphide deposits-their origin and processing. The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London. 1-16.
10
Craig, J. R. & Vaughan, D. J., 1994- Ore microscopy and ore petrology. Wily publication, 434 p.
11
Galley, A. G., Hannington, M. D. & Jonasson, I. R., 2007- Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, in: Goodfellow, W.D. (eds.) Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit Types. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division and Geological Survey of Canada Special Publication No. 5. 141-162.
12
Lydon, J. W., 1988- Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposits. part I: A descriptive model, in: Roberts, R.G and Sheahan, P.A. (eds.) Ore Deposit Models. Geoscience Canada, reprint series 3, 194 p.
13
Marshall, B. & Gilligan, B., 1986- An introduction to remobilization. Information from ore-body geometry and experimental considerations. Ore Geology Reviews, 2, 87-131.
14
Marshall, B. & Gilligan, B., 1993- Remobilization, syn-tectonic processes and massive sulfide deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 8, 39-64.
15
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C. L. & Sahandi, M. R., 2003- Cretaceous–Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21, 397–412.
16
Mousivand, F., Rastad, E., Meffre, S., Peter, J. M., Solomon, M. & Zaw, K., 2011- U-Pb geochronology and Pb isotope characteristics of the Chah gaz volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, southern Iran. International Geology Review ,53.1239-1262.
17
Park, A., 1988- Geometry of sheath folds and related fabrics at the Luikonlahti mine, Svecokarelides, eastern Finland. Journal of Structural Geology, 10, 487-498.
18
Passchier, C. W. & Trouw, R..A..J., 2005- Microtectonics. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 371 p.
19
Ramsay, J. G., 1967- Folding and fracturing of rocks. McGraw Hill, New York, 565 p.
20
Thiessen, R. L. & Means, W. D., 1980- Classification of fold interference patterns: a re-examination. Journal of Structural Geology, 2, 311–316.
21
Vernon, R. H., 2004- Practical guide to rock microstructure. CambridgeUniversity Press, 579 p.
22
Watters, W. A., Sabzehei, M., Alavi Tehrani, M., Etminan, H. & Majidi, B., 1970- Preliminary report on the geology and petrography of the metamorphic and igneous rocks of central part of Neyriz Quadrangle. Geological Survey of Iran, Internal report, 169 p.
23
Williams, P. F., 1985- Multiply deformed terrains. Problems of correlation. Journal of Structural Geology, 7, 269-280.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microfacies Analysis, Sedimentary Environments and Diagenesis of the upper Carbonates of the Dalan Formation in the Persian Gulf, Iran
The Dalan Formation (Upper Permian) is mainly composed of limestone and dolostone with minor evaporite interbeds. Upper carbonates of the Dalan Formation constitute one of the main gas reservoirs in the Zagros fold thrust belt especially in the Fars and the Persian Gulf. The upper part of the Dalan Formation consists of oolitic grainstone with high reservoir quality. Based on sedimentological studies in the upper Dalan unit, seven microfacies have been recognized. This microfacies have been deposited in warm, arid intertidal, lagoon and shoal. They deposited in a homoclinal ramp. Different diagenetic process affected this unit are bioturbation, micritization, neomorphism, replacement, dolomitization, anhydritization, mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation, dissolution and fracturing. Based on the evidence like widespread dissolution, formation of moldic and vuggy porosity and precipitation of different types of meteoric cements and based on paragenetic sequences, it can be concluded that the studied interval, have not buried after the deposition, but at least some parts like oolitic shoal exposed subearially and was affected by meteoric diagenesis that was followed by deep burial diagenetic environment.
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54086
Sedimentary Environments
Diagenesis
Diagenetic History
Dalan Formation
Persian Gulf
S.
Parham
1
Ph.D. Student, Hormozgan University; Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. R.
Kamali
kamalimr@ripi.ir
2
Associate Professor, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Fayazi
3
استادیار، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
شیخپور، ح.، 1384- دیاژنز و ژئوشیمی بخش فوقانی سازند دالان و کنگان زیرین در میدان گازی پارس جنوبی. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه تهران. 167 صفحه.
1
کاووسی، م. ع.، 1388- محیطهای رسوبی و چینهنگاری سکانسی سازند مزدوران (ژوراسیک بالایی) در حوضه رسوبی کپه داغ، رساله دکتری دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، 171 ص.
2
لاسمی، ی.، 1379- رخسارهها، محیط رسوبی و چینهنگاری سکانسی نهشته سنگهای پرکامبرین بالایی و پالئوزوئیک ایران، وزارت صنایع و معادن، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور. 180 ص.
3
لطفپور، م.، 1384- چینهشناسی توالیها، محیط رسوبی و بیواستراتیگرافی سازندهای دالان و کنگان در ناحیه زاگرس جنوبی با نگرشی ویژه بر مرز پرموتریاس. رساله دکتری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. 400 صفحه.
4
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- چینهشناسی زاگرس. انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشاف معدنی کشور.
5
نجمآبادی، س.، 1372- گزارش نهایی زمینشناسی چاه شماره 1 میدان گازی پارس جنوبی، گزارش داخلی شرکت ملی نفت ایران.
6
References
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Adabi, M. H. & Rao, C. H., 1991- Petrographic and geochemical evidence for original aragonitic mineralogy of Upper Jurassic Carbonates (Mozduran Formation), Sarakhs area, Iran: Sedimentary. Geology, v.72, p.253-267.
8
Ahr, W. M., 2008- Geology of carbonate reservoirs. Wiley Pub. 277p.
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Al-Sharhan, A. S. & Whittle, G. L., 1995- Carbonate – Evaporite Sequences of the Late Jurassic, Southern and Southwestern Arabian Gulf. AAPG Bull., v.79, No.11, p.1608-1630.
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Dickson, J. A. D., 1965- A modified staining technique for carbonate in thin section: Nature, v.205, p.587.
11
Dunham, R. J., 1962- Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: W.E. Ham (Ed.), Classification of carbonate rocks. AAPG Memoir, 1, 108-121.
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Edgell, H. S., 1977- The Permian system as an oil and gas reservoir in Iran, Iraq and Arabia. Proc. Second Iranian Geological symposium, Tehran, p. 161-201.
13
Flügel, E., 2004- Microfacies of carbonate rocks, Springer – Verlag, New York, 967p.
14
Folk, R. L., 1965- Some aspect of recrystallization in ancient limestone, in: L.C., Pray and R.C. Murray (eds.), Dolomitization and Limestone Diagenesis, A Symposium. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication no. 13, p.14-48.
15
Folk, R. L., 1974- Petrology of sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill. Pub., Co., Austin, Texas, 182p.
16
Given, R. K. & Wilkinson, B. H., 1985- Kinetic control of morphology, composition, and mineralogy of abiotic sedimentary carbonates. J. Sedimentary Petrology, 55. p.109-119.
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Gregg, J. M. & Sibley, D. F., 1984- Epigenetic dolomitization and the origin of xenotopic dolomite texture reply: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v.56, p.735-763.
18
Halley, R. B. & Harris, P. M., 1979- Fresh-water cementation of a 1.000 year-old oolite. J. Sedimentary Petrology, v.49, p.969-988.
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Hardi, L. A., 1967- The gypsum-anhydrite equilibrium at one atmosphere pressure. American Mineralogist. v. 52, p.172-200.
20
Hardwood, G. M., 1988- Principles of sedimentary petrography. In: Tucker, M.E. (ed.), Technique in Sedimentology, Blackwell Oxford. p.108-174.
21
Heasley, E. C., Worden, K. H. & Hendry, J. P., 2000- Cement distribution in a carbonate reservoir: recognition of a palaeo oil-water contact and its relationship to reservoir quality in the Humbly Grove field, onshore, UK. Marin and Petroleum Geology. v.17, p.639-654.
22
Husseini, M. I., 1992- Upper Paleozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Arabian and adjoining plates. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.149, p.419-429.
23
Insalaco, E., Virgone, A., Courme, B., Gaillot, J., Kamali, M., Moallemi, S. A., Lotfpour, M. & Monibi, S., 2006- Upper Dalan Member and Kangan Formation between the Zagros Mountains and offshore Fars, Iran: depositional system, biostratigraphy and stratigraphic architecture. Geoarabia, v.11, No. 2, p.75-176.
24
James, N. P. & Choquette, P. W., 1984- Diagenesis 9. Limestone – The meteoric seafloor diagenetic environment: Geosciences Canada, v.11, p.161-194.
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Kashfi, M. S., 1992- Geology of the Permian super-giant gas reservoirs in the greater Persian Gulf area: Jour. Petrol. Geol.,15, p.465-480.
26
Kaufman, A. J., Cander, H. S., Daniels, L. D. & Meyers, W. J., 1988- Calcite cement stratigraphy and cementation history of the Burlington – Kcokuk Formation (Mississipian), Illinois and Missouri, Journal of Sed. Petrol. v.58, p.312-326.
27
Kobluk, D. R. & Risk, M. J., 1977- Calcification of exposed filaments of endolithic algae, micrite envelope formation and sediment production. Jour. Sed. Petrol. No.47, P.517-528.
28
Longman, M. W., 1980- Carbonate diagenetic texture from nearshore diagenetic environment, AAPG. Bull., v.64. p.461-487.
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Lucia, F. J., 1999- Carbonate reservoir characterization, Springer – Verlag., Berlin, 226p.
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Mazzullo, S. J., 1992- Geochemical and neomorphic alteration of dolomite: a review. Carbonate and Evaporates. v.7, p.21-37.
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Miall, A. D., 1991- Stratigraphic sequences and their chronostratigraphic correlation, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v.61, p.487-505.
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Miall, A. D., 1995- Whiter Stratigraphy. Sedimentary Geology. v.100, p.5-20.
33
Moore, C. H., 1989- Carbonate Diagenesis and Porosity: Elsevier, Amsterdam, 338p.
34
Moradpour, M., Zamani, Z. & Moallemi, S. A., 2008- Control on reservoir quality in Lower Triassic Kangan Formation, Southern Persian Gulf. Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 31(4), pp.367-386.
35
Shinn, E. A. & Robbins, D. M., 1983- Mechanical and chemical Compaction in fine grained shallow – water limestone. J. Sedimentary Petrology. 53, 595-618.
36
Shinn, E. A., 1969- Submarine Lithification of Holocene Carbonate Sediment in the Persian Gulf. Sedimentology 12, 109-144.
37
Sibley, D. F. & Gregg, J. M., 1987- Classification of dolomite rock texture, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v.57, p.967-975.
38
Tucker, M. E. & Wright, V. P., 1990- Carbonate Sedimentology, Blackwell. Sci. Pub., p.482.
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Tucker, M. E., 1991- Sedimentary Petrology: An Introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks: Blackwell, Sci. Pub., London, p.260.
40
Tucker, M. E., Calvet, F. & Hunt, D., 1993- Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate ramps: systems tracts, models, and application to the Muschelkalk carbonate platform of eastern Spain. In: Posamentier, H.W., Summerhayes, C.P., Haq, B.U., Allen, G.P. (Eds), Sequence stratigrapy and facies associations, v.18. International Association of Sedimentology, Special Publication, pp.397-415.
41
Wright, V. P., 1986- Facies sequences on a carbonate ramp: the carboniferous Limestone of South Wales. Sedimentology. V.33, p.221-244.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Mineralogy and Petrology of Kamtal Skarn (North of Kharvana, Eastern Azarbaijan)
Kamtal skarn zone is located in the 20km north of Kharvana in the Eastern Azarbaijan. Skarn-type metasomatic alteration is the result of Kamtal monzonitic intrusion into the Upper Cretaceous impure carbonates. Kamtal skarn include exoskarn and endoskarn zones. Exoskarn is the major zone that its thickness varies between 100-600m. Field and mineralogical studies demonstrate that exoskarn zone composed of garnet rich sub-zone (garnet skarn), epidote rich sub-zone (epidote skarn) and marble sub-zone. Garnet is the most important calc- silicate mineral within the garnet skarn sub-zone. They are mainly grossularitic in composition (Ad33-35), but along the fractures, andraditic composition (Ad66-73) is predominant. Clinopyroxene is the other dominant mineral within garnet skarn sub-zone that has diopsidic composition (Di82.8-85.7). In the epidote skarn sub-zone, epidote is the predominant mineral while garnet and clinopyroxene present in some places and have low concentration. Petrographic studies indicate that marly limestone was the primary rocks of the garnet skarn sub-zone while clay-bearing marl was the primary rocks of the epidote skarn sub-zone. Skarnification process can be categorized into two discrete stages: 1) prograde and 2) retrograde stages. Prograde stage began immediately after the initial emplacement of the Kamtal monzonitic magma into the enclosing impure carbonate rocks. The effect of heat flow from the intrusion caused the enclosing rocks to become isochemically marmorized in almost homogeneous limestone layers and bimetasomatized (skarnoid–hornfels) in thin interlayers of clay-rich carbonates. Invasion of segregated fluid phase of Kamtal intrusion into the fractures and micro-fractures of the marmorized and skarnoid–hornfelsic rocks incorporate considerable amounts of Fe, Si and Mg into the metasomatic aureole. During retrograde stage, due to relatively low temperature hydrothermal fluids and processes such as hydrolysis, carbonation and sulfidation, considerable amounts of hydrous calc-silicates, sulfides, oxides and carbonates replaced the anhydrous calc-silicates. Garnet and clinopyroxene are the most abundant mineral assemblage in Kamtal skarn zone, which were formed in temperature lower than 550°C. Lack of wollastonite in this mineral assemblage, intergrowth of garnet and clinopyroxene crystals and lack of any reaction rim between these crystals, and lack of emplacement texture indicate that they formed contemporaneously within the temperature and ƒO2 ranges of 430–550ºC and 10-26–10-23, respectively.
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54089
Skarn
Qaradagh batholith
petrology
Kharvana
Kamtal
M. A. A.
Mokhtari
amokhtari@znu.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Moinvaziri
2
Professor, Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moallem University (Kharazmi), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M. R.
Ghorbani
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mehrpartou
mahmoodmehrparto@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
G.
Hosseinzadeh
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
حسینزاده، ق.، 1378- بررسی کانسار مس تیپ اسکارن انجرد (شمال غرب اهر- استان آذربایجان شرقی). پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد زمینشناسی اقتصادی، دانشگاه تبریز، 118 صفحه.
1
خضری، م. و مؤذن، م.، 1380- مطالعه هاله دگرگونی مجاورتی اندریان، شمال غرب ایران. پنجمین همایش انجمن زمین شناسی ایران.
2
سیاهچشم. ک.، ۱۳۸1- مطالعه کانیشناسی، دگرسانی و تحولات متاسوماتیکی ذخیره اسکارن پهناور، شرق سیهرود؛ پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد گروه زمینشناسی اقتصادی دانشگاه تبریز، ۱۳۹ صفحه.
3
مجرد، م.، 1382- مطالعه پدیده دگرگونی مجاورتی در اطراف توده نفوذی شیور؛ پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد گروه پترولوژی دانشگاه تبریز، 118 صفحه.
4
مختاری، م. ع. ا.، معینوزیری، ح.، قربانی، م. ر. و مهرپرتو، م.، 1389- بررسی سنگشناسی، ژئوشیمی و جایگاه زمینساختی توده نفوذی کمتال (شمال خاروانا، آذربایجان شرقی)؛ فصلنامه علوم زمین، شماره 71، صفحات 128-123.
5
مختاری، م.ع.ا.، 1387- پترولوژی، ژئوشیمی و پتروژنز باتولیت قرهداغ (خاور سیهرود- آذربایجان شرقی) و هاله اسکارنی آن، با نگرشی بر کانیسازی مرتبط با تودهی نفوذی؛ رساله دکتری زمینشناسی، گرایش پترولوژی؛ دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 347 صفحه.
6
مهرپرتو، م.، امامی، م. ه.، میرزایی، م. و علایی، س.، 1376- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 سیهرود؛ سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
7
میرمحمدی، م. ص.، 1374- ژئوشیمی و پترولوژی توده نفوذی کمتال و هاله دگرگونی آن (شرق جلفا- شمال غرب ایران)؛ پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد پترولوژی دانشگاه تهران، 194 صفحه.
8
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10
Calagari, A. A. & Hosseinzadeh, G., 2005- The mineralogy of copper-bearing skarn to the east of the Sungun-Chay river, East-Azarbaijan, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, V. 28, P. 423-438.
11
Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. & Zussman, J., 1992- An Introduction to the rock- forming minerals. Second ed., Longman Scientific and Technical, London, 696p.
12
Einaudi, M. T. & Burt, D. M., 1982- Introduction- terminology, classification and composition of skarn deposits. Economic Geology and Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, V. 7, N. 4, P. 745-754.
13
Einaudi, M. T., 1982a- Descriptions of skarns associated with porphyry copper plutons. In: Titley, S.R., (Eds.), Advances in geology of porphyry copper deposits, Southwestern North America, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, P. 1592-1606.
14
Einaudi, M. T., 1982b- General features and origin of skarns associated with porphyry copper plutons. In: Titley, S.R., (Eds.), Advances in geology of porphyry copper deposits, Southwestern North America, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, P. 185-210.
15
Einaudi, M. T., Meinert, L. D. & Newberry, R. J., 1981- Skarn deposits. Economic geology, 75th Anniv. V., P. 317-391.
16
Karimzadeh Somarin, A. & Moayed, M., 2002- Granite and gabbro- diorite associated skarn deposits of NW Iran; Ore geology reviews, V. 20, P. 127-138.
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Meinert, L. D., 1992- Skarns and skarn deposits, Geosciences Canada, V. 19, N.4, P. 145-162.
18
Meinert, L. D., 1995- Compositional variation of igneous rocks associated with skarn deposits- Chemical evidence for a genetic connection between Petrogenesis and mineralization. In: Thompson, J.F.H., (Eds.) magmas, Fluids and Ore Deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series, V. 23, P. 400-418.
19
Meinert, L. D., 1997- Application of skarn deposit zonation models to mineral exploration. Exploration and Mining Geology, V. 6, P. 185-208.
20
Mokhtari, M. A. A., Moinvaziri, H., Ghorbani, M. R., Mehrpartou, M., Padashi, S. M. & Baburek, J., 2010- Mineral chemistry of Kamtal Skarn (Eastern Azarbaijan, NW Iran). ACTA, Mineralogica-Petrogarphica Abstract Series; 20th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, 21-27 Ague. 2010.
21
Mollaee, H., 1993- Petrochemistry and genesis of the granodiorite and associated Iron–copper skarn deposit of Mazraeh, Ahar, East-Azerbaijan, Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. University of Rookee, India, 287 pp.
22
Perkins, E. H., Brown, T. H. & Berman, R. G., 1986- PTX-SYSTEM: three programs for calculation of pressure–temperature–composition phase diagrams. Computers and Geoscience, V. 12, P. 749–755.
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Ray, G. E., Webster, I. C. L. & Ettlinger, A. D., 1995- The distribution of skarns in British Columbia and the chemistry and ages of their related plutonic rocks. Economic geology, V. 90, P. 920-937.
24
Zharikov, V. A., 1991- Skarn types, formation and mineralization condition. In: Barto–Kyriakidis, A., (Eds.), Skarn, Their Genesis and Metallogeny. Theophrastus Publishing & Proprietary Co., Athen, Greece, P. 455-466.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Archaeological Studies by Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization in Shadmehrak, Neyshabour
In this paper, the results of recent archaeological studies in Neyshabour, Iran, by the application of Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Induced polarization (IP) methods have been presented. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness and suitability of these techniques in detecting of the buried archaeological structures and remains in Iran and other similar sites that were mostly constructed out of adobe, mud brick. Several geoelectrical profiles were conducted in addition to IP and ER experiments on the samples and the test profile. The test profile was performed over an adobe-made wall outcrop. This work shows that these methods are so effective and useful for investigating of structures like walls, furnaces and pavements which their materials contain a large amount of clay.
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2013-02-19
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54090
Archaeology
Geoelectrics
Resistivity
Induced Polarization
Neyshabour
M. K.
Hafizi
hafizi@ut.ac.ir
1
Professor, Earth Physics Department, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Ranjy Roodposhti
2
M.Sc. graduated, Earth Physics Department, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
اسکوئی، ب.، 1389- گزارش مطالعات ژئوفیزیک در محدوه فرهنگی کهن شهر نیشابور(شادمهرک)، بخش اکتشافات مغناطیس، موسسه ژئوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران.
1
گرایلی، ف.، 1373- نیشابور شهر فیروزه، انتشارات خاوران.
2
References
3
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4
Aspinall, A. and Lynam, J.T., 1968- Induced polarization as a technique for archaeological surveying, Prospezioni Archeologiche 3, 91-93.
5
Compare, V., Cozzoino, M., Mauriello, P. and Patella, D., 2009- Three-dimensional resistivity probability tomography at the prehistoric site of Grotta Reali (Molise,Italy), Archaeol. Prospect., 16, 53–63.
6
De Domenico, D., Giannino, F., Leucci, B. and G., Bottari, C., 2006- Integrated geophysical surveys at the archaeological site of Tindari (Sicily, Italy), Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, 961-970.
7
Finzi-Contini, G., 2001- Resistivity/IP tomographies near ancient boats embedded and preserved by fluvial sediments in an undiscovered ancient harbour, Pisa (Italy). Proceedings of the 7th Meeting, Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (EEGS-ES), Birmingham, England, 46–47.
8
Grellier, S., Reddy, K. R., Gangathulasi, J., Adib, R. and Peters, C. C., 2007- Correlation between electrical resistivity and moisture content municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfill, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 163, ASCE Press, Reston, Virginia.
9
Kemna, A., Binley, A. and Slater, L., 2004- Cross-borehole IP imaging for engineering and environmental applications, Geophysics, 69, 97–107, 2004.
10
Kneisel, C., 2006- Assessment of subsurface lithology in mountain environments using 2D resistivity imaging, Geomorphology 80, 32–44.
11
Martinho, E., Almeida, F., Senos Matias, M.J., 2006- An experimental study of organic pollutant effects on time domain induced polarization measurements, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 60, 27–40.
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Meyer, C., Ullrich, B., and Barlieb, C.M., 2007- Archaeological questions and geophysical solutions ground penetrating radar and Induced polarization investigations in Munigua, Spain , Archaeol. Prospect., 14, 202–212 .
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Mitrofan, H., Povara, L., Mafteiu, M., 2008- Geoelectrical investigations by means of resistivity methods in karst areas in Romania, Environ Geol, 55, 405–413.
14
Papadopoulos, N. G., Tsourlos, P., TSOKAS, G. N. and Sarris, A., 2006- Two-dimensional and three-dimensional resistivity imaging in archaeological site investigation, Archaeol. Prospect., 13, 163–181.
15
Pellerin, L., 2002- Applications of electrical and electromagnetic methods for environmental and geotechnical investigations, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 101–132.
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Seigel, H.O., 1959- Mathematical formulation and type curves for induced polarization, Geophysics, 24, 547–565.
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Sudha, K., Israil, M., Mittal, S., Rai, J., 2009- Soil-characterization-using-electrical-resistivity-tomography-and-geotechnical-investigations, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 67, 74–79.
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Tonkov, N. and Loke, M. H., 2006- A resistivity survey of a burial mound in the ‘Valley of the Thracian Kings’, Archaeol. Prospect., 13, 129–136.
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Weller, A., Brune, S., Hennig, T. and Kansy, A., 2000- Spectral induced polarisation at a medieval smelting site, in Proceedings for the EEGS-ES** 2000 Annual Meeting, Bochum, Germany.
21
Yuval, D. and Oldenburg, W., 1996- DC resistivity and IP methods in acid mine drainage problems results from the Copper Cliff mine tailings impoundments, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 34, 187-198.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Deep Marine Trace Fossil Assemblages and their Palaeo- Environmental Significance from the Paleocene Amiran Formation in SW Lorestan
Amiran Formation (Paleocene) in Lorestan, folded Zagros zone, contains a diverse and exceptionally well preserved ichnofauna. A quantitative study of trace fossil in the Paleocene deep-marine clastic systems, this Formation, shows that they are powerful discriminators of submarine fan and related environments. The host lithologies are conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. These sediments are interpreted to be deposits in upper to lower-fan palaeoenvironment. Channel deposits consist of thick-bedd turbidite and interchannel deposits are interpreted to be deposited by unconfined debris flows and high concentration turbidity currents. The ichnofauna with high diversity is most frequently, and best, preserved within the Tcde interval of turbidities, which are interpreted as interchannel deposits, produced by low concentration turbidity flows. On the basis of trace fossil diversity, ichnotaxonomic composition, ethology, and morphologic complexity, trace fossils assemblage were grouped into pre-depositional or post-depositional forms. The predepositional assemblage is rich in graphoglyptids and grazing trails, and feeding structures. The ichnodiversity, ethology, and morphologic complexity of the predepositional association are indicative of the Nereites ichnofacies. The postdepositional association essentially consists of dwelling and feeding traces. The post-depositional association includes elements of the Skolithos ichnofacies. Overall characteristics of trace fossils suggest that from the proximal to the distal environment of Amiran Formation, proportions of domichnia trace-fossil assemblages decreases while agrichnia, fodinichnia and pascichnia increases.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54091_f9cdef8c84f03a824bc321aa51124c7b.pdf
2013-02-19
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54091
Deep-marine
Ichnofacies
Trace fossils
Amiran Formation
Turbidite
S. R.
Moussavi-Harami
harami2004@yahoo.com
1
Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Nasiri
2
M.Sc. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Mahboubi
3
Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Bayetgoll
4
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
بایت گل، ا.، عباسی، ن.، امینرسولی، ه.، محبوبی، ا.، و موسوی حرمی، ر. امینرسولی، ه.، 1391- تحلیل رخساره و تفسیر محیطی اثرفسیلهای پلانولیتس و پالئوفیکوس از رسوبات پالئوزوییک ایران میانی، فصلنامه علمی – پژوهشی علوم زمین، بهار 1391، سال بیست و یکم شماره 83، صفحه 185 تا 196.
1
بایتگل، ا.، محبوبی، ا.، حسینیبرزی، م.، و موسوی حرمی، ر.، 1389- مدل ایکنولوژیکی نهشتههای آواری سازند شیرگشت در زیر پهنه کلمرد ایران مرکزی. مجله چینهنگاری و رسوب دانشگاه اصفهان. ص 43-68.
2
مطیعی، ه.، 1382- زمینشناسی ایران چینهشناسی زاگرس، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 583 ص.
3
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29
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30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrography, Geochemistry, Origin and Tectonic Setting of Khoshoumi – DarAnjir Intrusive Complex, SW Saghand (Central Iran)
The late Eocene post-collisional Khoshoumi- Dar-Anjir intrusive complex consist of two adjacent Khoshoumi granite and Dar Anjir diorite plutons in Saghand area, located in 120 km northeast of Yazd in Central Iran structural zone. This complex intruded within high-grade metamorphic rocks of Chapedony Complex. Syenogranite, monzogranite, granodiorite, tonalite and quartzdiorite constitiue its lithologies. Aplitic and micromonzonitic to microdioritic dikes crosscutting the entire body. Hybrid rocks and mafic microgranular enclaves with various shapes and sizes are widely seen in this complex. Geochemical investigations show that these rocks are metaluminous to moderately peraluminous, magnesian and high- K calc- alkaline I- and A-type granitoids. Chonderite- normalized REE patterns of both plutons and related dikes display intra-elemental fractionation (2.72 >(La/Yb)N >41.64) and concentration of LREE and Eu negative anomalies (ave Eu/Eu*= 0.63). Trace elements behavior represent depletion in Nb, Ti, P and enrichment in K, Rb, Ba and Th that could be assigned to mafic magma contamination by crustal materials. Their tectonic setting match with Volcanic Arc Granites (VAG) and Within Plate Granites (WPG). Petrographical, geological and tectonomagmatic characteristics of this intrusive complex are very similar to high- K calc- alkaline granites (KGC) and like most of them, fractional crystallization and mafic – felsic magma mixing play significant role in its evolution and petrogenesis.
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2013-02-19
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10.22071/gsj.2012.54092
Dar Anjir diorite
Khoshoumi Granite
High- K calc- alkaline
Mafic-felsic magma mixing
Saghand
Central Iran
N. A.
Rashidnejad Omran
rashid@modares.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. A.
Fattahi
2
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Masoudi
f_masoudi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
مجیدی ، ج. ، باباخانی ،ع . ر، 1379 - نقشه زمین شناسی 100000/1 آریز . سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
1
هوشمند زاده ، ع. ، 1367 - مقدمه ای بر زمین شناسی ناحیه بیابانک – بافق ، سازمان زمین شناسی کشور ، گزارش داخلی ، 53 صفحه.
2
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Ramezani, J. and Tucker, R.D., 2003- The saghand region, central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana tectonics. American Journal of Science, 303, 622-665.
41
Samsonov, A.V., Bogina, M.M., Bibikova, E.V., Petrova, A.Y.& Shchipansky, A. A., 2005- The relationship between adakitic, calc-alkaline volcanic rocks and TTGs: implications for the tectonic setting of the Karelian greenstone belts, Baltic Shield. Lithos,79, 83-106.
42
Schandl, E.S., Gorton, M.P., Sharara, N.A., 2002- The origin of major talc deposites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: relict fragments of a metamorphosed carbonate horizon?.Journal of African Earth Sciences,34, 259-273.
43
Slaby, E. and Martin, H., 2008- Mafic and Felsic Magma Interaction in Granites: the Hercynian Karkonosze Pluton(Sudetes, Bohemian Massif). Journal of Petrology,49, 353-391.
44
Soesoo, A., 2000- Fractional crystallization of mantle-drived melts as a mechanism for some I-type granite petrogenesis: an example from Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia. Journal of the Geological Society, London,157, 135-149.
45
Solgadi, F., Vanderhaege, O., Moyen, J. F., Sawyer, E. & Reisberg, L., 2007- Generation of synorogenic Hercynian granites in the Livardois area, French Massif Central: The relative roles of crustal anatexis and mantle derived magmas. Canadian Mineralogist,45, 581-606.
46
Stocklin, J., 1968b- Structural history and tectonics of Iran:Areview. American Association of Petroleum Geology Bulletin ,52, 1229-1258.
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Taylor, S. R. & McLennan, S. M., 1995- The Geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics,33, 241-265.
49
Verdel, C., Wernicke, B. P., Ramezani, J., Hassanzadeh, J., Renne,P. R., Spell, T.l., 2007- Geology and thermochronology of Tertiary Cordilleran-Style metamorphic corecomplexes in the Saghand region of Central Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119, 961-977.
50
Vernon, R. H., 2008- A Practical guide to Rock Microstructure. CambridgeUniversity Press.
51
Wiebe,R. A., 1996- Mafic – silicic layered intrusions: the role of basaltic injections on magmatic processes and the evolution of silicic magma chambers. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences,87, 233- 242.
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53
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kinematic Analysis of Folding Geometry in Aghajari Anticline (Dezful Embayment), Iran
Geometric style and deformation analysis of folding are two important aims of geological studies in Zagros, which is related to concentration of considerable of hydrocarbon reservoirs in anticlinal traps of the belt. In this study, evolution and geometry of Aghajari subsurface anticline (Dezful embayment) is considered based on 3D seismic data and well information. Based on illustrated structural cross sections, special attention was paid to geometrical variations of folding from fold pericline to central part of this structure. Geometrical complexity along and normal to the fold axis is related to implication of intermediate soft units in sedimentary pile. Fold evolution analysis shows limb rotation and hing migration which are the main mechanism for fold growth and passing from box to chevron style as well. Development of satellite structure around main anticlines in Zagros is promising features for hydrocarbon entrapment, which related to involment of decollement levels in folding.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54094_c49df8aabd464be378aaae6204196443.pdf
2013-02-19
261
272
10.22071/gsj.2012.54094
Aghajari anticline
Dezful embayment
Decollement horizons
Mechanical stratigraphy
Box fold
Chevron fold
N.
Kharazizadeh
n.kharazi@hotmail.com
1
PhD student, School of Geosiences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Almasian
m_almasian@hotmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Geology Department, Science Faculty of Islamic Azad Univrsity, North Tehran Branch, , Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sh.
Sherkati
ssherkati@hotmail.com
3
PhD, Exploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- چینه شناسی زاگرس، انتشارات سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.##
1
References
2
Ahmadhadi, F., Lacombe, O. & Daniel, J. M., 2007- Early reactivation of basement faults in Central Zagros (Sw Iran): evidence from pre-folding fracture populations in Asmari Formation and Lower Tertiary Paleogeography. In: Lacombe, O., Lav, J., Verges, J. & Roure, F. (eds) Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins: From Fold Kinematics to Hydrocarbon Systems. Springer, Berlin, 205-228.
3
Bahroudi, A. & Koyi, H., 2003- Effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt on deformation style in the Zagros fold and thrust belt: an analogue modeling approach. Journ. Of Geol. Soc of London, 160, p. 1-15.
4
Berberian, M., 1995- Master Blind thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds: active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics. Tectonophysics 241, 193-224.
5
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6
Beydoun, Z. R., Hughes Clarke, M. W. & Stonely, R., 1992- Petrolueum in the ZagrosBasin: a late TertiaryForlandBasin overprinted on to the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic Passive-margin shelf, in Macqueen, R. W., and Leckie , D. A., editors, Foreland basins and fold belts: American Association of Petroleum Geologist Memoir 55, P.309-339.
7
Emami, H., Verges, J., Nalpas, T., Gillespie, P., Sharp, I., Karpuz, R., Blanc, E. P. & Goodarzi, M. G. H., 2010- Structure of the Mountain Front Flexture along the Anaran anticline in the Pusht-e-Kuh Arc (NW Zagros, Iran): insights from sand box models. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 2010. V. 330, P. 155-178
8
Falcon, N., 1969- Problems of the relationship between surface structure and deep displacements illustrated by Zagros range. In P. E. Kent, G. E. Satterthwaite, & A. M. Spencer (Eds.), Time and place in Orogeny (pp. 9-22). London: Geological Society.
9
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12
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13
McQuillan, H., 1973- Small-scale fracture density in Asmari Formation of SW Iran and its relation to bed thickness and structural setting. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 57, 2367-2385.
14
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17
Sherkati, S. & Letouzey, J., 2004- Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran, Marine and Petroleum Geology, V. 21, No. 5, p. 535-554.
18
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19
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20
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21
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24
Vernant, Ph., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbassi, M. R., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtiani, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F. & Chery, J., 2004- Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman. Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381-398.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Proposing a New Strategy to Make Precise Re-leveling Observations of Iran in Vertical Geodynamical Studies
The technique of precise leveling is certainly the most precise in gathering height difference observations. The main limitation of the mentioned technique is its high cost and low speed characteristics. Hence, for the purpose of repeating the precise leveling measurements (re-leveling), which is necessary for vertical geodynamical studies, it is important to gather these observations in an optimum manner. The main purpose of this study is analyzing the characteristic features of the vertical deformation in Iran. This would assist us in concentrating the measurements in the areas that are more prone to vertical deformation as well as the analysis of vertical deformation has a priority in them. For this purpose, various kinds of data from geology, geophysics, seismology, geodesy as well as the population densities have been put together and analyzed. Result of this analysis is a new strategy to make precise re-leveling observations in Iran in a optimum way needed for vertical geodynamical studies, as a solution to the request of National Cartographic Center of Iran.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54096_25ab1734d82e1f1396f969add0e08e9d.pdf
2013-02-19
273
260
10.22071/gsj.2012.54096
Precise leveling
Vertical Deformation
Inhomogeneous Deformation
Precise Leveling Network of Iran
Yahya
Djamour
y_djamour@sbu.ac.ir
1
Associated Professor, Geomatics College, National Cartographic Center, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
M. Hossainali
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Y. H.
Chavari
3
Ph.D., National Cartographic Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
P.
Vanicek
4
Professor, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick ,Canada
AUTHOR
H.
Nazari
hamidnazari@hotmail.com
5
Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Amighpey
6
Ph..D Student, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Arabi
7
Master of Science, National Cartographic Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
عربی، س.، مالکی، ا.، کوه زارع، آ.، ایازیان، م.، معینی، ح. و جوادی، م.، 1385- ترازیابی دقیق در ایران، سازمان نقشهبرداری کشور.
1
حسامی آذر، خ.،1382- نقشه گسلهای فعال ایران، پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله و مهندسی زلزله.
2
مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن، 1384- آیین نامه طراحی ساختمانها در برابر زلزله، استاندارد 84- 2800.
3
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9
Djamour, Y., Nankali, H. R., Sedighi, M., Sadeghi, F., Rahimi, Z., Tavakoli, F., Mousavi, Z., Khorrami, F., Aghamohammadi, A. & Hosseini, S., 2007- First results inferred from the new Iranian Permanent GPS Network for Geodynamics (IPGN), Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 04910, 2007, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-04910
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