ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Gradual Ground Linear Subsidence and Geotechnical Parameters Assessment in the Taleghani Site of Eshtehard
Ground subsidence in eastern part of Eshtehard, built on the alluvial deposits, is linear and gradual. Preparing geological map and profiles; we studied the structural geology of the area. The sort and situation of aquifer, evolution of ground water levels and hydrochemistry were studied and the presence of ancient channel was detected by geoelectric method. The geotechnical studies suggest that the soils in the area (USCS Classification) belong to Lean clay (CL), Fat Clay (CH) and Silty Sand (SM). The maximum soil settlement is more than allowable settlements and soils recognized to be dispersive to semi-dispersive soils. The possible entrance of waste water from Eshtehard Industrial town into Eshtehard Qanat, from septic wells and transfer water system seems to provide necessary moisture for dispersive soils and have caused the subsidence in the area. Hydrogeology of alluvial aquifer was evaluated and indicates a negative debit. Although the hydrographs of pizometric wells are not compensated but it display any role in linear subsidence. Soils prone to dispersion by infiltration of water from septic wells and urban water system and the presence of ancient Qantas hidden in the depth of 15 meters caused linear ground subsidence. The results of this study show the development of ancient Eshtehard city and the selection of new site was not carried out on the geotechnical basis. Therefore it is recommended that before constructing any projects, geotechnical studies are necessary.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54428_a9acf6bd1c29d5746929e917abcc2197.pdf
2012-05-21
3
12
10.22071/gsj.2012.54428
Linear Subsidence
Dispersive
Groundwater Hydrology
Eshtehard
Fereidoun
Rezaei
rezaie8@yahoo.fr
1
Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Dadsetan
2
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Abbasnezhad, A., 2004- Karst sinkhole in Ekhtiarabad، NW Kerman, Geoscences، Vol. 12 No. 51-52, Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
2
American Society for Testing and Material, 2006- ASTM Standard, Section. 4, Vol. 04.08, Philadelphia, Pa.
3
Anvari, M. A. & Noroallahian, H., 2007- New approach to ground subsidence in Mashhad plain، 86 Geomatics Symposium، NCC.
4
Dadsetan, A., Rezaie, F., Sadeghi, A., Abdoli, M., Khandan, M., Jaferi, F., Rasedi, A. & Allahverdi, F., 2005- Ground linear subsidence in Taleghan area of Eshtehard city; exploring the causes، consequents and recommendations، Report of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
5
Dadsetan, A., Soltani, I. E. & Bolourchi, M. J., 2005- Preliminary investigation of sinkholes occurrence and their hazards in Kabudar Ahang، Famenin and Hamekasi plains (Hamedan Province)، Proceedings of the conference on hazards of sinkholes in karst terrains with emphsis on sinkholes of Hamedan, West Regional Water Authority.
6
Das, B. M., 1994- Advanced soil mechanics, Translated by Yazdchi M., University of Tehran press.
7
Das, B. M., 1998a- Principles of Foundation Engineering, Translated by Tahouni S., University of Tehran press, Vol. 2.
8
Das, B. M., 1998b- Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Translated by Tahouni S., University of Tehran press, Vol. 1.
9
Rahnema, M. B. & Kazemi, A., 2006- Ground Subsidence due to groundwater level in Rafsanjan plain, First National Symposium of Irrigation and Drainage Networks Management, Kerman University.
10
Shemshaki, A. & Soltani, I. E., 2005- An outline causes of occurrence ground subsidence in SW Tehran, Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
11
Shemshaki, A., Bolourchi, M. J. & Ansari, F., 2005- Ground subsidence Evaluation in Tehran- Shahryar plain, Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
12
Tehran Regional Water Authority, 2003- Proposal Jastification report of respite impermissible of Eshtehard plain.
13
Tehran Regional Water Authority, 2005a- Geophysical prospecting of Eshtehard plain, Toseyeh Olom Zamin Co.
14
Tehran Regional Water Authority, 2005b- Semicomprehensive groundwater studies of Eshtehard plain, Vol. 1, 2 and 3, Abkhan Consulting Eng. Co.
15
Tehran Regional Water Authority, 2005c- Statistical report of surface and ground Water resources and utilities of the 7 studies area under coverage of General Office affairs of Tehran Province water, Eshtehard area, Lar Consulting Eng. Co.
16
USGS, 2000- Land Subsidence in United States, Fact Sheet- 165- 00, Internet Paper, Winter 2008.
17
Yousefi, M., 2000- Geological map of Eshtehard, Scale 1/100000, Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Structural Evidence of Alborz Fault (North Qom), Evidence for Transfer of Inversion from Central-west Alborz Faults to the Same Oriented Faults in South Alborz
Structural analysis of the NW-SE oriented Alborz fault in north Qom, demonstrates young left-lateral reverse displacement evidence, based on the rake of the striations on young fault planes (45-53). Strong structural evidence exists for its previous right-lateral reverse displacement. Young left-lateral displacement evidence in NW-SE oriented oblique and strike-slip faults recently was documented in central-west (eg. Mosha and Talegan faults) and south Alborz mountains (eg. Ipak and Kusk-e-Nosrat faults) due to the compression direction of the south Caspian oceanic crust with Alborz mountains. Replacement of right-lateral reverse mechanism by young left-lateral reverse mechanism in the Alborz fault in north Qom implies that the inversion of the central-west Alborz faults is being transferred through to the same oriented faults in south Alborz mountain up to the Qom area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54511_497d4038f1255ac4c5879c8aa1d85cab.pdf
2012-05-21
13
22
10.22071/gsj.2012.54511
Alborz fault
Alborz
Strike- slip faults
Qom
R.
Elyaszadeh
ramin403@yahoo.com
1
Geological Survey of Iran, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mohajjel
mohajjel@tmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Farahani
3
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. R.
Jafari
4
Department of Geology, Payam-e-noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of Guno Storm and their Effects on Coastlines Geomorphology of Makran Sea use of Remot Sensing
The Gunu storm, due to its severe intensity, caused substantial damages to the coasts of Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces. Tropical storms develop in the form of enormous hurricanes which suck the surrounding air towards them. We feel such rapid movement of air as strong winds; In satellite images, it is seen as the movement of clouds (water vapor) towards the core or the eye of the storm. With a velocity of 150 km/h and rain reaching 160 mm, the storm had made considerable gemorphologic changes in the coast of Oman Gulf as well as damages. Such geomorphologic changes were studied using ETM, TM and LISS III satellite data and were compared before and after the Guno storm. Also the early results taken from satellite images were coordinated with field study after the storm. These inquiries show that acute changes have been made in the opening of important estuaries such as Shur, Sargan, Kahir, Bir and Bandini. Also change stream course, due to migration channel on river meander and area of flooded area on coastal plain was determined. Cooperation of satellite data shows, discharge of sediment to the bays such as Pozm, Chabahar that it can be a serious problem for navigation and coastal structures in this area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54512_f6d60209c6c5034fa04e94616497df6a.pdf
2012-05-21
23
32
10.22071/gsj.2012.54512
Gonu
Geomorphologic Evolution
Remote Sensing
barrier
Jask
Chabahar
Pozm
A. R.
Salehipour Milani
1
Geological Survey of Iran, Marine Geology Management,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Nezhadafzali
k.nezhadafzali96@gmail.com
2
Geological Survey of Iran, Marine Geology Management,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Bayatani
3
Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
سازمان بنادر،1387- بررسی موج طرح ناشی از طوفان های استوایی در دریای عمان.
2
محمودی، ف.، 1384- مبانی ژئومرفولوژی ساختماتی و دینامیک- دانشگاه تهران .
3
دریو، م.، 1369- مبانی ژئومرفولوژی، ترجمه مقصود خیام- انتشارات مبنا .
4
چورلی، ر.، 1379- ژئومرفولوژی ، ترجمه احمد معتمد، انتشارات سمت.
5
زمردیان ، ح.، 1383- ژئومورفولوژی ایران – جلد 2 – انتشارات آستان قدس
6
صالحی پور میلانی ، ع . ر، خیری، ف . ، 1384- بررسی تغییرات ژئومورفولوژی سواحل خلیج چابهار با استفاده از داده های ماهواره ای ، بیست و چهارمین گردهمایی علومزمین اسفند84.
7
صالحیپور میلانی، ع.ر. 1386- گزارش نقشه ژئومورفولوژی ساحلی برگه 100000: 1 چابهار، سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
8
References
9
BIRD. ERIC- coastal geomorphology – john whilly- 2000 ngeo558.
10
Fritz, H.M., Blount, C., Sokoloski, R., Singleton, J., Fuggle, A., McAdoo, B. G., Moore, A., Grass, C., Tate, B., 2007- Hurricane Katrina Storm surge distribution and field observations on the Mississippi barrier islands. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences 74 (1–2), 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.03.015.
11
Fritz, H. M., Blount, C., Sokoloski, R., Singleton, J., Fuggle, A., McAdoo, B.G., Moore, A., Grass, C., Tate, B., 2008- Hurricane Katrina storm surge econnaissance. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE 134 (5), 644–656. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:5(644).
12
Wang, D., Zhao, H., 2008- Estimation of phytoplankton responses to Hurricane Gonu over the Arabian Sea based on ocean color data. Sensors 8, 4878–4893.
13
doi:10.3390/s8084878.
14
Webster, P.J., Holland, G.J., Curry, J.A., Chang, H.R., 2005- Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science 309 (5742),
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Porosity Assessment of Kangan Gas Formation in South Pars Hydrocarbon Field by Application of Committee Machine Composed of Single Artificial Neural Networks Trained using Regularization Method
In order to obtain more accurate results from application of the method of artificial neural networks, instead of selection of the best network determined by trial and error process, we suitably combine the results of several networks that is called committee machine, to reduce the error, and thus, increasing the accuracy of the output results. In this research, ensemble combination of single artificial neural networks has been used in order to estimate the effective porosity of Kangan gas reservoir rock in South Pars hydrocarbon field. To achieve this goal, well logging data of 4 wells in the area at the depth interval corresponding to Kangan formation were used. Acoustic, density, gamma ray and neutron porosity well log data were assigned as the input of the networks while the effective porosity data were considered as the output of the networks. Back- propagation single neural networks having different structures were trained using regularization method and their results were assessed. Then, the networks with the best results, i.e. contained minimum mean of squares of errors in the test step, were selected for making ensemble combinations. To determine the weighting coefficients of the networks in the linear ensemble combinations, we applied three methods of simple averaging, Hashem’s optimal linear combination and non-analytical optimal linear combination employing genetic algorithm, and their results were compared. The best ensemble combination, in which we had the maximum reduction in mean of squares of errors of the test step compared to the best single neural network, was an optimal linear four-network combination obtained by using genetic algorithm optimization method. This best ensemble combination, compared to the best single neural network, reduced the mean of squares of errors in the training and test steps 3.6% and 11.2%, respectively.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54513_0b5f0d31e20fd1b19816152cc1e3d3fe.pdf
2012-05-21
33
40
10.22071/gsj.2012.54513
Kangan Formation
porosity
Well Logs
Artificial Nneural Network
Regularization Training Method
Committee Machine
Ensemble combination
Genetic algorithm
A.
Kamkar Rouhani
kamkarr@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Zakeri
mahmood_zakery2006@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افشارحرب، ع.، 1381- زمینشناسی نفت، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور.
2
حسنی پاک، ع.ا. و شرفالدین، م.، 1380- تحلیل دادههای اکتشافی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
3
خسروتهرانی، خ.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور، چاپ پنجم.
4
رحیمی، م.، 1381- تعبیر و تفسیر لرزهای ناحیه پارس جنوبی در افقهای آسماری، جهرم، سروک، داریان، فهلیان، سورمه، کنگان، نار و فراقون، مدیریت اکتشاف شرکت ملی نفت ایران.
5
زارعی، س.، موحد، ب.، باقری، ع.م. و مردانی، ع.، 1386- ارزیابی تراوایی سازند کنگان با استفاده از دادههای نگار CMR و مغزه در میدان پارس جنوبی، بیست و ششمین گردهمایی علوم زمینشناسی.
6
References
7
Bhatt, A. & Helle, H. B., 2002- Committee neural networks for porosity and permeability prediction from well logs, Geophysical Prospecting, 50: 645-660.
8
Bhatt, A., 2002- Reservoir properties from well logs using neural networks, PhD thesis, Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
9
Chen, C. H. & Lin, Z. S., 2006- A committee machine with empirical formulas for permeability prediction, Computer & Geosciences, 32: 485-496.
10
Demuth, H. & Beale, M., 2002- Neural network toolbox user's guide of MATLAB, Version 4, Online on http://www.mathworks.com/.
11
Hashem, S., 1993- Optimal linear combination of neural networks, PhD thesis, School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University.
12
Hashem, S., 1997- Optimal linear combination of neural networks, Neural Networks, 10: 599-614.
13
Hashem, S., Shmeiser, B. & Yih, Y., 1994- Optimal linear combination of neural networks: An overview, School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University.
14
MathWorksTM, 2007- Genetic algorithm and direct search toolbox 2 user's guide of MATLAB, Online on http://www.mathworks.com/.
15
Sharkey, A., Sharkey, N., Gerecke, U. & Chandroth, G. O., 2000- The "test and select" approach to ensemble combination. In: Kittler J. & Roli F. (eds.) Multiple classifier systems. Springer-Verlag, Inc. PP30-44.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Huge Jiroft Landslide: Introduction, Indications and Characteristics
The huge and historical landslide of Jiroft, being about 53 Km2 in area, is located in 35 Km NW of Jiroft town just adjacent to Jiroft Dam and in coordinates of 28ْ 45َ to 28ْ 53َ N and 57ْ 20َ to 57ْ 30َ E. This slide which has taken place as a result of massive movement of upper reefal part of Qom formation dipping only 6ْ, 8 cubic kilometers in volume and about 300 meters thickness over the underlying marls, is recognizable based on shattered rocks, anomaly along the course of Halil Roud and the presence of well-rounded igneous boulders in some parts among the shattered rocks. As a result of this slide, the course of Halil was completely blocked and an ephemeral lake was created. Afterwards, the lake overflowed in another place (the present place of the Dam) which was the lowest point in its periphery. Due to this river detour, the Halil Roud incised its fan, created a gorge from the overflowing point to its confluence point, as well as incision of several small fans along its course. The presence of several active faults and low slope of the sliding mass imply the probable influence of earthquake and heavy precipitation as triggering mechanisms. The main characteristics of this slide include very low slope (6ْ ), its size (53km2 in area and maximum run- out distance of about 7 km), comprising four parts, specific mechanism (like other sturztorms) and its time of occurrence (probably 60000 to 100000 years ago). Depending on the classification of landslides, it may be considered as extremely rapid rock slide, sturzstorm, rock avalanche as well as debris avalanche. The desert varnish of boulders engaged in the slide mass and the solution runnels generated after the slide suggest that the age of the slide is about tens of thousands to several thousands years ago
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54514_b7c616a09668c8f0c58f31af403d1f4b.pdf
2012-05-21
41
48
10.22071/gsj.2012.54514
Landslide
Jiroft
Halil Roud
Jiroft Dam
Channel anomaly
Natural lake
Alluvial fan
A.
Abbasnejad
aabbas@uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iram
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افشین، ی.، 1373- رودخانههای ایران، جلد اول، مهندسین مشاور جاماب.
2
برزگر، ف.، صدیقیان،ا. و نجماوی، م.، 1368- یادداشتی بر زمینشناسی محل سد هلیلرود (جیرفت)، تحقیقات جغرافیائی، شماره 1، صفحات 36تا55.
3
حسینی،ز.، 1386- پهنهبندی خطر سیل در دشت جیرفت با توجه به معیارهای ژئومورفولوژیکی و با استفاده از عکسهای هوایی و تصاویر ماهوارهای، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، 188ص.
4
حق شناس، ا.، جعفری، م.ک. و کمک پناه، ع.، 1376- دومین سمینار زمینلغزه و کاهش خسارتهای آن، جلد اول، مؤسسه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله.
5
شهرابی، م.، 1384- دریاچههای کوهستانی تار و هویر و چگونگی تشکیل آنها، رشد زمینشناسی، دوره دهم، شماره4، صفحات 29-26.
6
عباس نژاد، ا.، 1387- بررسی سیلخیزی (پهنهبندی خطر سیل در حوضه آبریز هلیلرود با استفاده از GIS، گزارش طرح تحقیقاتی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، 309ص.
7
فاریابی، ع.، 1372- مطالعه چینهشناسی و فسیلشناسی سازند قم در منطقه ساردوئیه و سبزواران، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
8
فاطمی عقدا، س.، غیومیان، ج.، عطائی، ا.، داودی، م.ه. و نوروزی، ع. ا.، 1384- تعیین مناسبترین روش کنترل لغزش با استفاده از سامانه پشتیبان تصمیم (DSS)، مطالعه موردی زمینلغزش باریکان، طالقان، فصلنامه علومزمین، سال دوازدهم، شماره56، صفحات 84 تا 93.
9
محمدی زاده، چ. و پمپنی، ا.، 1385- زمین لغزههای جنوب رامسر (منطقه ی پیاز کش)، رشد زمینشناسی، دوره دوازدهم، شماره2، صفحات 24-19.
10
مهندسین مشاور سازه پردازی ایران، 1383- طرح ساماندهی و تعیین حریم و بستر رودخانههای هلیل و شور جیرفت، فصول دوم و چهارم (مطالعات هواشناسی و هیدرولوژی).
11
مهندسین مشاور مهاب قدس، 1373- گزارش لرزهخیزی و برآورد خطر زمینلغزه سد بتنی قوسی جیرفت.
12
نبوی، م.، ح.، 1355- دیباچهای بر زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمین شناسی کشور.
13
References
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Alexander, D. & Formichi, R., 1993- Tectonic Causes of Landslides, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 18, pp. 311-338.
15
CETIRAN, CO., Eng., 1975- Barrage de Jiroft.
16
Cornforth, D. H., 2005- Landslides in Practice, Investigations, Analysis, and Remedial/ Preventative Options in Soils, John Wiley, New York.
17
Cotecchia, V., 1978- Earthquacke- Prone Environments, In: Slope stability, Geotechnical Engineering and Geomorphology, ed . By: M. G. Andeson & K. S. Richards, John Wiley, Chichester, PP.287-330.
18
Curden, D. M., 1976- Major rock slides of The Rockies, Canada, Geotechnical Journal, Vol 13, PP. 8-20.
19
Curden, D.,M ., & Varnes. D., J., 1996- Landslide Types and Processes, In: A., K. Turner and R.L. Shuster (eds), Landslides, Investigation and Mitigation, National Academy Press, Washington, PP.36-75.
20
Dimitrijevic, M. D., 1973- Geology of Kerman Region, Geological Survey of Iran, Report No Yu/52.
21
Erismann, T., H., 1979- Machanisms of large landslides, Rock Mechanics, Vol 2, PP. 15-46.
22
Garvin, C. D., Hanks, T. C., Finkel, R. C. & Heimsath, A.M., 2005- Episodic incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon, Utah, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol 30, PP.973-984.
23
Goguel, J., 1978- Scale- dependment rockslide mechanisms, with emphasis on the role of pore fluid vaporization. In: B. Voight(ed.) Rockslides and avalanches, 1, Natural Phenomena, Elsevier, New York, P. 693-708.
24
Hsu, K. J., 1975- On struzstorms- catastrophic debris streams generated by rockfalls, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol 86, PP. 126-140.
25
Hutchinson, J. N., 1968- Mass movement, In: R.W.Farbridge (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Reinold, New York, PP. 688-695.
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Jibson, R.W., 2009- Using Landslides for Paleoseismic Analysis, in: Paleoseismology(2ned.), ed. By: J.P.McCalpin, PP.565-601.
27
Keefer, D. K., 1984- Landslides coused by earthquackes, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol 95, PP 406-421.
28
Kent, P. E., 1966- The transport mechanism in catastrophic rockfalls, Journal of Geology, Vol 74, PP. 79-83.
29
Lelland, J. F., Burbank, M. R., Finkel, D. W. & Caffee, M., 1995- 10Be and 26Al exposure ages from bedrock river- cut terraces in northern Pakistan: implications for incision and uplift rates, EOS transactisons, 76, F685.
30
Mc guire, M. C., B., Mason, I. & Kilburn, C., 2002- Natural Hazard and Environmental Change, Arnold. New York.
31
Pederson, J. L., Anders, M. D., Rittenhour, T. M., Sharp, W. D., Grosse, J. C., & Karlstrom, K. E., 2006- Using fill terraces to understand incision rates and evolution of the Colorado river in eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol III, Fo 2003, doi: 10.1029/2004Jf000201.
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Shreve, R. L., 1968- The Blackhawk landslide, Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 108, 47 PP.
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Timotijevic, S., Cretic, S., Dimitrijevic, M., N., Dimitrijevic, M. D., 1972- Geological map of Iran,1:100000 series, Sheet 7447- Esfandageh, Geological Survey of Iran.
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Voight, B. & Pariseau, W., G., 1978- Rockslides and avalanches, 1: Natural phenomena, ed. By: B. Voight, Elsevier, Amesterdam, PP. 1-67.
35
Watson, R. A. & Wright, H. E., 1967- The Seidmarreh landslide, Iran, Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 123, PP. 115-139.
36
Wohl, E. E., 1999- Incised bedrock channels, In: Incised River channels: Processes, Froms, Engineering and Management, ed. By: S.E. Darby and A. Simson, John Wiley, Chichester, PP 187-218.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using Index Overlay, Fuzzy Logic Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process in order to Determine Au and Cu Potential Targets in North Part of Dali Porphyry Deposit
Dali porphyry copper-gold deposit is situated geologically incontact of the Urmieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in central of Iran and for the first time this deposit was investigated with using the satellite image processing (TM). In this research, the Northern part of the Dali deposit has been investigated in order to recognize the potential copper and gold-bearing target areas. The survey layers include the lithologic units, alteration, geophysical and geochemical results, tectonics, and copper mineralization. As a accurate decision can have a considerable effect on exploration plans, so in this research efforts have been made to make use of new combination methods including index overlay method, fuzzy logic method, and the analytical hierarchy process. These three methods support and complement each other and have revealed highly potential copper and gold mineralization areas. Among these methods, Analytical hierarchy process is the best method for combining the exploration data in this area. The investigations (for instance field evidences of outcrops, mineralization and also sampling of 7 trenches) carried out in the study area confirm this matter. Based on achieved results, geological perspective in central of studied area is appropriate for continuing mining exploration, especially for subsurface exploration in future.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54516_7b07cb4ccaf71c1d58e89a314928f69c.pdf
2012-05-21
49
58
10.22071/gsj.2012.54516
Porphyry
Dali
Index overlay Method
Fuzzy logic method
Analytical Hierarchy Process
S.
Yousefifar
s.yousefifar@srbiau.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Khakzad
khakzad@yahoo.com
2
Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Asadi Harooni
hooshang.asadiharoni@uwa.edu.au
3
Mining Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
M. R.
Jafari
mr.jafari_1348@yahoo.com
4
Department of Geology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Vosoughi Abedin
5
Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع. 1385- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی ایران، 586 ص
2
آیتی، ف.، 1387- پایان نامه دکتری گرایش پترولوژی، گروه زمینشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان به بررسی پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی تودههای آذرین (ولکانیک _ ساب ولکانیک) در ورقه زمینشناسی 100000/1 سلفچگان – خورهه.
3
اصغرپور،م.، 1385-تصمیمگیریهایچندمعیاره،انتشاراتدانشگاهتهران،چاپچهارم.
4
حسنی پاک، ع.ا.، شرف الدین، م.، 1380- تحلیل دادههای اکتشافی، چاپ اول، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
5
پناهنده، م.، ارسطو، ب.، قویدل،آ.، قنبری، ف.، 1388- مکانیابی جایگاه دفن پسماند در شهرستان سمنان با استفاده از مدل GISو نرم افزار AHP، دوازدهمین همایش ملی بهداشت محیط ایران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، دانشکده بهداشت.
6
خیرخواه زرکش،م. ، ناصری، ح.، داوودی،م.، سلامی، ه.، 1387- استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی در اولویت بندی مکانهای مناسب احداث سد زیرزمینی، مطالعه موردی دامنه شمالی کوههای کرکس- نطنز ، پژوهش و سازندگی در منابع طبیعی.
7
دایی جواد، ح.، 1384- مدلسازی اندیس مس- طلای دالی و کاربرد آن در پتانسیلیابی نواحی مجاور با استفاده از دادههای استر و GIS، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد.
8
سنجری، س.، 1388 - راهنمای کاربردی ARC GIS، ، ناشر عابد، چاپ چهارم، 344 ص
9
شرکت پرشین گلد،1387- عملیات حفاری در اندیس مس-طلای دالی، استان مرکزی، گزارش چاپ نشده.
10
علاییمهابادی، س.، کهنسال، ر.، 1379- نقشه زمینشناسی 100000/1 چهارگوش سلفچگان - خورهه، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
11
قدسیپور، ح.، 1388- مباحثی در تصمیمگیری چند معیاره، فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی، انتشارات دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر ، چاپ هفتم، 220 ص
12
کوره پزان دزفولی، ا.، 1387- اصول تئوری مجموعههای فازی و کاربرد آن در مدلسازی مسایل مهندسی آب، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی واحد صنعتی امیر کبیر، چاپ دوم، 261 ص
13
یوسفی فر، س.، خاکزاد، ا.، اسدیهارونی، ه.، جعفری،م.ر.، 1389- پردازش دادههای ماهوارهای ETM +در بخش شمال غربی روستای راوه بهمنظور تعیین آلتراسیونها و ساختارهای محدوده مورد مطالعه، اولین همایش ملی دستاوردهای علومزمین.
14
References
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Alesheikh, A, Soltani, M., Nouri, N., Khalilzadeh, M., 2008- Land assessment for flood spreading site selection using geospatial information system, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Tehran-Iran, 455-462.
16
Hosseinali, F., Alesheikh, A., 2008- Weighting Spatial Information in GIS for Copper Mining Exploration, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 1187-1198.
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Malczewski, J., 1999- GIS and multicriteria decision analysis, published in Canada and printed in USA, 392p.
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Malczewski, J., 2006- Ordered weighted averaging with fuzzy quantifiers: GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for land-use suitability analysis, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo information, 8(4), 270-277.
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Vahidnia , M. H., Alesheikh, A., Alimohammadi, A., 2009- Landslide Hazard Zonation Using Quantitative Methods in GIS .
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Pabdeh-Asmari Boundary Facies in Kuh e-Asmari Section: Evidence for Unconformable Ruplian-Chattian Boundary in Iran
The uppermost layers of the Pabdeh Formation in Kuh e-Asmari section consist of microbial (tufa and stromatolite) facies interpreted to have been deposited in a lacustrine environment. These deposits are unconformably overlain by basal anhydrite and transitional zone of the Asmari and Pabdeh Formations. The transitional zone is correlated with the lower Asmari (with a basal unconformity or correlative conformity) in the Gachsaran No. 31 and Aghajari No. 61 wells and in Kuh e-Mish, Shahzadeh Abdullah, Tang-Sorgh and Rag-Sefid surface sections. Therefore the basal anhydrite and transitional zone should be considered as a part of the Asmari Formation. The drastic facies change near the Pabdeh and Asmari contact is due to thrust-loading, relative sea-level changes and climatic variations close to Ruplian-Chattian boundary.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54517_cfbbe5cd88580b1d5da3e9900acf7e67.pdf
2012-05-21
59
66
10.22071/gsj.2012.54517
Pabdeh Formation
Asmari Formation
Kuh e-Asmari
Ruplian
Chattian
Hadi
Amin-Rasouli
h.aminrasouli@uok.ac.ir
1
Dept. of Geosciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Lasemi
2
Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA
AUTHOR
M.
Ghomashi
ghomashi@science.usb.ac.ir
3
Department of Geology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Zaheri
4
Administer Education of Sanandaj, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آرام، ع.، 1383- سکانس استراتیگرافی سازند آسماری و بررسی محیط رسوبی آن در میدان نفتی رامین. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران، 148 صفحه.
2
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران. سازمانزمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 [619] صفحه.
3
اطلس راههای ایران، 1385- انتشارات موسسه جغرافیایی و کارتوگرافی گیتاشناسی، 256 صفحه.
4
امیدپور، آ.، 1383- سکانس استراتیگرافی سازند آسماری و بررسی دیاژنز و محیط رسوبی آن در میدان نفتی کوپال. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران، 178 صفحه.
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امینرسولی، ه.، 1386- چینهنگاری سکانسی سازند آسماری و نهشتههای هم ارز آن (بخش بالایی سازند پابده) در زاگرس چین خورده، جنوب باختر ایران. رساله دکتری، دانشگاهتربیتمعلم، 160 صفحه.
6
امینرسولی، ه.، لاسمی، ی.، 1387- رخسارههای مرز روپلین- شاتین در برش کوه آسماری: گواهی بر این که مرز روپلین-شاتین در ایران ناپیوسته است. مجموعه مقالات دوازدهمین همایش انجمن زمین شناسی ایران.
7
رئیسی، و.، 1377- بررسی رخسارهها و محیط رسوبی سازند آسماری (الیگو- میوسن) در فروافتادگی دزفول جنوبی. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیتمعلم تهران، 84 صفحه.
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زاهدی نژاد، ج.، 1366- مطالعه زمینشناسی بخش ماسهسنگی اهواز در حاشیه جنوب غربی حوضه رسوبی آسماری. گزارش شماره 4028، مناطق نفت خیز جنوب، 125 صفحه.
9
لاسمی، ی. و امینرسولی، ه.، 1382- چینهنگاری سکانسی سازند قم در بخش مرکزی حوضه ایران مرکزی: ارزش زمان چینهشناختی سکانسها در تشخیص سن عضوها. مجموعه مقالات بیست و دومین گردهمایی علومزمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، صفحههای 476-475.
10
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- زمینشناسی ایران: چینهشناسی زاگرس. طرح تدوین کتاب، سازمان زمین شناسی کشور، شماره 1، 536 صفحه.
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نجفی، د.، 1377- میکروبیوستراتیگرافی سازند پابده در شمال شرق فروافتادگی دزفول و ارتباط چینهای آن با سازندهای تله زنگ، کشکان و شهبازان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، 96 ]116[ صفحه.
12
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Lasemi, Z., Norby, R. D., Utgaard, J. E., Ferry, W. R., Cuffey, R. J. & Dever, Jr., G. R., 2003- Mississippian carbonate buildups and cool-water-like carbonate platforms in the Illinois Basin, Midcontinent U.S.A. In: W.M. Ahr, P.M. Harris, W. A. Morgan & I. D. Somerville (eds.), Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs: SEPM Spec. Publ., 78 and AAPG Mem., 83: 69-95.
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53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Manganese Ore and Host Rocks of the Robat Karim Manganese Deposit, Southwest Tehran
Robat Karim manganese deposit is located in 7 km northwest of Robat Karim (southwest of Teharan), within northeastern margin of Orumiyeh-dokhtar volcanic belt. Based on regional geology, the studied area is situated in the northern Saveh Eocene volcanic assemblage, composed of rhyolite, trachyte, andesite and basalt. Manganese mineralization is occurred as veins, in faults, joints and fractures that crosscut the volcanic rocks. According to mineralogical studies, the manganese ore of the studied area is composed of pyrolusite, psilomelane, ramsdelite and hollandite, as well as calcite and quartz. Intergrowths of manganese oxides and quartz (or calcite) associated with various open space filling textures support the epithermal origin of the ore forming fluids in this area. Geochemistry of major and trace elements in Robat Karim manganese ores, similarity of their chondrite normalized REE pattern with volcanic host rocks and other hydrothermal manganese deposits of the world, as well as negative Ce anomaly indicate a probable epithermal origin of the deposit. Ore forming fluids could be originated from meteoric and/or magmatic waters circulating through Eocene volcanic rocks, dissolve manganese and other metals and deposit them in fault planes and major fractures. High pressure of the ore forming fluid has caused the formation of brecciated trachyte.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54518_0118ce85e90b74e4b540e8093aa5e340.pdf
2012-05-21
67
76
10.22071/gsj.2012.54518
Mineralogy
Geochemistry
Rare earth elements
manganese
Robat Karim
Seyed Javad
Moghaddasi
sjmoghad@pnu.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Negahban
2
Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آرین، م. ع.، 1370- پتروگرافی و پترولوژی سنگهای آتشفشانی منطقه رباطکریم، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
2
امیری، ع.، 1374- مطالعه زمینشناسی، کانیشناسی و عوامل کنترل کننده تشکیل و تمرکز ماده معدنی در کانسار منگنز رباط کریم، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
3
امیری، ع. و شفیعی بافتی، ا.، 1379- نقش کنترل ساختاری در تشکیل رگه های معدنی در کانسار منگنز رباط کریم، چهارمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه تبریز
4
روانبد، ب.، 1366- مطالعه متالوژنی کانسار منگنز رباط کریم از دیدگاه ژئوشیمی. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران.
5
معینوزیری، ح. و احمدی، ع.، 1377- پترولوژی و پتروگرافی سنگهای آذرین، انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
6
مقدسی، س. ج.، 1385- مینرالوگرافی (کانهنگاری). انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور، 240 صفحه.
7
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Marta, J. K., 1992- Geochemistry and origin of the Bald knob manganese deposit, North Carolina, Eco. Geol., V. 87: 2035-2040.
15
Mosier, D. L., and Campbell, D. L., 1995- Epithermal Mn Deposits. In: du Bray, E.A. (Editor), Preliminary compilation of descriptive geoenvironmental mineral deposit models, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, Open-File Report 95-831, p. 170-173
16
Nicholson, K., 1992-. Contrasting mineralogical–geochemical signatures of manganese oxides; Guides to metallo genesis, Economic Geology. 87, P. 1253-1264.
17
Pracejus, B., 2008- The Ore minerals under the microscope: an optical guide, Elsevier. 875 p
18
Rollinson, H. R., 1993- Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Longman Scientific & Technical, 351 p.
19
Takahashi, Y., Tada, A., Shimizu, H., 2004- Distribution of pattern of rare earth ions between water and montmorillonite and its relation to
20
the sorbet species of the ions. Analytical Sciences 20,P.1301–1306.
21
Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., 1985- The continental crust: its composition and evolution, Black well, Oxford.
22
Toth, J.R., 1980. Deposition of Submarine cherts rich in manganese and iron. Geol. Soc.of Am. Bull., V.91: 44-54.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fracture System of Kopet-Dagh Fold Belt, NE Bojnurd
The Northern Khorasan is one of important active tectonics area. The main faults are strike slip (dextral and sinistral) and minor faults are thrust faults. Many of thrust faults are older than strike- slip faults and some of them are younger and are active now. It is because of bending of strike-slip faults that converts, them into thrust faults. We recognized active faults based on their characteristics. In this area we have two series of tensile joints and two series of shear joints. Principal stresses have the fallowing attitudes :() - ((
)- ). Strikeslip faults can be sympathetic. For example the 1997 Bojnurd earthquake on the Yekke-shakh fault affects Baba- aman and Gharlegh faults
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54519_39722337b5e55928c064ceff7381e030.pdf
2012-05-21
77
86
10.22071/gsj.2012.54519
Strike-Slip fault
Thrust Fault
Bojnurd
Sympathetic Faults
Active fault
Joint
Fault Zone
F.
Ghaemi
farzinmail@yahoo.com
1
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Ghaemi
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افشار حرب،ع.،1373- چینه شناسی کپه داغ، سازمان زمینشناسی واکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
افشار حرب ،ع.، 1364- نقشه زمینشناسی بجنورد، مقیاس 250000/1 ، سازمان زمینشناسی واکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
قائمی، ف.، غفوری، م.، حافظی مقدس، ن.، 1378- پروژه ارزیابی پتانسیل لرزهخیزی اطراف و محل پتروشیمی بجنورد، شرکت سهامی پتروشیمی خراسان.
4
غفوری، م.، قائمی، ف.، حافظی مقدس، ن.، 1378-گسله کواترنر بابا امان در منطقه بجنورد، شمال غرب خراسان، فشرده مقالات سومین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران.
5
قائمی، ف.، 1383- نقشه زمینشناسی کاکلی ، مقیاس 100000/1، سازمان زمینشناسی واکتشافات معدنی کشور.
6
قیطانچی، م. ر.، فاتحی، ع.، سدید خوی، ا.، 1377 - بررسی زمینلرزههای 16 بهمن 1375 بجنورد در شمال خاور ایران، نشریه فیزیک زمین و فضا، جلد 24، شمارههای 1و 2.
7
References
8
Afshar-Harb, A., 1979-The stratigraphy and petroleum geology of Kopeh Dagh region, northern Iran: London, Petroleum Geology Section. Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, pp: 316.
9
Ambraseys, N. and Melville, C., 1982- A history of Persian earthquakes: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 219 p.
10
Griesbach, C. L., 1881- Report on the Geology of the Section between the Bolan Pass in Biluchistan and Girishk in Southern Afghanistan: By C. L. Griesbach. [Kopftitel.] (Published by Order of his Excellency the Governor General of India in Council). (Calcutta): Government of India.
11
Hollingsworth, J., Jackson, J., Alarcón, J. E., Bommer, J. J. and Bolourchi, M., 2007- The 4th February 1997 Bojnurd (Garmkhan) Earthquake in NE Iran: Field, Teleseismic, and Strong-Motion Evidence for Rupture Directivity Effects on a Strike-Slip Fault, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 11:193–214,
12
Hollingsworth, J., Jackson, J., Walker, R. & Nazari, H., 2008- Extrusion tectonics and subduction in the eastern South Caspian region since 10 Ma GEOLOGY.,v. 36; no. 10; p. 763–766.
13
Hollingsworth, J., Jackson, J., Walker, R., Gheitanchi, M. and Bolourchi, M., 2006- “Strike-slip Faulting, rotation, and along-strike elongation in the Kopeh Dagh mountains, NE Iran,” Geophysical Journal International, 166, 1161–1177.
14
Hoeppener, R., Kalthoff, E,. & Schrader, P., 1969- Zur physikalischen Tektonik; Bruchbildung bei verschiedenen affinen Deformationen im Experiment: Geologische Rundschau, v. 59,p. 179- 193.
15
Tatar, M., Yamini-Fard, F. and Hessami, K., 1997- “Bojnord earthquake of February 4, 1997,” Proceeding of International Conference on Civil Engineering, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran.
16
Twiss, R. J. and Moores , E. M. , 1992- Structural geology , Freeman and company – New york.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Structural Mechanisms of the Quaternary Basalts in Bijar area, west of Iran
In Sanandaj- Sirjan zone a vast outcrops of volcanic rocks, which founded as high terraces, are covered the Pre-Quaternany rocks. The volcanic rocks are appeared in different shapes and morphological features. Based on the Zagros geodynamical evolution, mentioned rocks assumed to be Post – Collissional, that are formed in an extentional system with a NW-SE trend. Three studied complexes in this paper are Ahmad abad, Tahmures and Nadri. The structural investigation of three the sites are complementary data to the geochemical analysis. In this regards, structural investigation done in those 3 mentioned sites. Studied faults shows different trends and age. Mechanism of faults are normal, and their age are either Post- basalt or syn-basalt, that is, Contemporaneous with the last deposition of late-Miocene marls. The age of the oldest faults is late- Miocene, before basalt intrusion.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54523_ab54ada4a5899cfaf0161c9d0365b393.pdf
2012-05-21
87
96
10.22071/gsj.2012.54523
Contamination
assimilation
Gneiss
Alkali basalt
Volcanic
Quaternary
G.
Maleki
maleki.geologyst@yahoo.com
1
Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Saeedi
abdollahsaidi@yahoo.fr
2
Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.H.
Emami
3
Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Kheirkhah
kheirkhah.monireh1@gmail.com
4
Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع. ، 1379- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور
1
امامی، م. ﻫ. ، 1379- ماگماتیسم در ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
سعیدی، ع.، 1387- سرگذشت ویژه تکتونیکی و فرگشت حوضه رسوبی ایران مرکزی جلد 1، گزارش داخلی سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
3
سیاره، ع.، 1383- پتروگرافی و پترولوژی سنگهای آتشفشانی کواترنر در جنوب خاوری بیجار، دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
4
فنودی، م. سیاره، ع.، 1383- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 بیجار، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
5
محجل، م. ، سهندی، م. ر. ، 1378- تکامل تکتونیکی پهنه سنندج- سیرجان در نیمه شمال باختری و معرفی زیر پهنههای جدید در آن، فصلنامه علومزمین شماره 32-31.
6
معین وزیری، ح. 1375- دیباچهای بر ماگماتیسم در ایران، انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
7
ملکوتیان، س.، 1385- پتروگرافی و پتروژنز سنگهای آتشفشانی پلیوکواترنری محور قروه- تکاب. پایان نامه دکتری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات.
8
Alavi, M., 1996- Tctonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz mountain system in northern Iran. Journal of science, 304: 1- 20.
9
Berberian, M. and King. G. C. P., 1981- To wards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth sciences. Vol. 18, No. 2, PP 210- 265.
10
Boccaletti, M, 1977- Neogene and Quaternary Volcanism of the Bijar Area (Western Iran).
11
Braud, J., 1970- Les formations du Zagros dans la region de Kermanshah (Iran) et leur rapport structuraux- 271, pp. 1241- 1244.
12
Braud, J., 1987- La suture du Zagros au niveau de Kermanshah (Kurdistan Iranien). These d'Etat, pp.
13
Ingersoll, R.V., 1994- Tectonic of sedimentary basins, Los Angeles.
14
Omrani, J., 2008 - The Geodynamic evolution of Zagros: Tectonic and petrological constraints from the internal zones, universite paris, 226p. : ill, diagram, table, map, Bibliography: p.213-226
15
Ricou, L. E., 1974- Tethys reconstructed: plates, continental fragments and their boundaries since 260 Ma from to south- eastern Asia- Geodinamica Acta, 7.4, pp, 169- 218.
16
Ricou, L. E., 1976- Evolution structurale des zagrides: La region clef de Neyriz (Zagros Iranien). Memoires de lu societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle serie, 125, pp.
17
Rollinson, H. R., 1993- Using geochemical data: evolution presentation interpretation (Pearce, J. A., and Cann, J.R., 1973, Diagram: Zr- Y × 3- Ti/100) – (Meschede, 1986, Diagram: Zr/4- Y- Nb/2) – (Wood, 1980, Diagram: Th- Ta- Hf/3) – (Mullen, 1980, Diagram: MnO×10- P2O5× 10- TiO2) – (Pearce and Norry, 1979, Diagram: Log Zr- Log Zr/Y).
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Quantifying the Ground Co-Seismic Variations by using high Rate GPS Data, Case Study: San-Simeon Earthquake 2003 Dec. 22 (California- United States of America)
Better understanding of earthquakes primarily requires more accurate dynamic and kinematic models for fault rupture. There are several methods for ground motion detection; each of them has its own advantages and limitations. The processes, needed for the estimation of displacements by the seismic data, generally increase the noise. Accelerometers, for example, record the details of strong ground motion close to the earthquake source; however it is difficult to transform the measured accelerations into displacement. Broadband seismometers are more sensitive and more accurate than accelerometers but even those may be saturated or clipped in far distances from a large earthquake. InSAR observations can provide good spatial images of some of the surface displacement components in the rupture area. It has, however, drawbacks in some regions, as the InSAR has no sufficient temporal resolution for the analysis of dynamic short period changes during an earthquake. Most of the GPS monitoring systems process the daily or hourly data in order to achieve the station coordinate with millimeter accuracy. But in warning systems, the temporal delay between the natural event and the act of warning must be the least as much as possible. Increasingly more continuous GPS receivers, established primarily for geophysical studies, are now running in seismic frequencies such as 1-Hz. GPS seismology is the unexpected result of the geodetic networks which at first were established to measure the deformation of plates and tectonic plate boundaries. A GPS receiver can accurately measure the movements in the geological time scales (i.e. 1 mm/yr) and that of seismology (i.e. 500 mm/sec). In this paper, the shape of the seismic waves, obtained from thirteen GPS stations, being in 36 to 74 kms of epicentral distances of San-Simeon Earthquake, 2003 are determined. The efficiency of the relative methods of positioning using high rate data has been analyzed; estimated co-seismic displacements have been validated using similar results obtained from the integration of seismic records.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54524_ef4e9a3c6e3c45b58fa05faa358dda09.pdf
2012-05-21
97
102
10.22071/gsj.2012.54524
High-Rate GPS
Seismology
San-Simeon earthquake
S.
Tabibi
1
Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
M. Hossainali
2
Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Yahya
Djamour
y_djamour@sbu.ac.ir
3
Geomatics College National Cartographic Center of I.R. Iran Meraj st., Azadi sq., Tehran, IRAN, P.Box: 13185-1684
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Bilich, A., Cassidy, J. and Larson, K. M., 2008- "GPS Seismology Application to the 2002 Mw=7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake." GPS Seismology Application to the 2002 Mw=7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake 98(2): 593-606.
2
Blewitt, G., 1989- "Carrier phase ambiguity resolution for the Global Positioning System ap-plied to geodetic baselines up to 2000 km." J. Geophys. Res 98(8): 10187-10203.
3
Blewitt, G., 2007- "GPS and Space-Based Geodetic Methods." Treatise on Geophysics 3: 351-390.
4
Bock, Y., Prawirodirdjo, L. and Melbourne, T. I., 2004- "Detection of arbitrarily dynamic ground motions with dense high-rate GPS network." J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31.
5
Chen, G., 1998- GPS kinematic positioning for the airborne laser altimetry at Long Valley, California. Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
6
Elosegui, P., Davis, J. L., Oberlander, D., Baena, R. and Ekstrom, G. 2006- "Accuracy of high-rate GPS for seismology." J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33.
7
Ge, L., 1999- GPS seismometer and its signal extraction. 12th Int. Tech. Meeting, Nashville, Tennessee.
8
Ge, L., Han, S., Rizos, C., Ishikawa, Y., Hoshiba, M., Yoshida, Y., Izawa, M., Hashimoto, N. and Himori, S., 2000- "GPS seismometers with up to 20-Hz sampling rate." Earth Planets Space.
9
Hardebeck, J., Boatwright, J., Dreger, D., Goel, R., Graizer, V., Hudnut, K., Ji, C. Jones, L. Langbein, J. Lin, J. Roeloffs, E. Simpson, R. Stark, K. Stein, R. and Tinsley, J. C., 2004- Preliminary report on the 22 December 2003, M6.5 San Simeon, California earthquake, Seism. Res. Lett., 75, 155-172.
10
Herring, T. A., 2010- TRACK GPS kinematic positioning program, version 1.21,Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
11
Herring, T. A., King, R. W., McClusky, S. C., 2009- GAMIT Reference Manual, Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
12
Hirahara, K., Nakano, T., Hoso, Y., Matsuo, S. and Obana, K., 1994- An experiment for GPS strain seismometer, Japanese Symposium on GPS, Tokyo, Japan, 15–16 December, 67–75, 1994.
13
IGS., 2004- 2001-2002 Annual Report. Pasadena, Jet Propulsion Laborarory.
14
Ji, C., Larson, K. M., Tan, Y., Hudnut, K. W. and Choi, K., 2004- "Slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earthquake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS, strong motion, and teleseismic data." J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31.
15
Kanamori, H., Hauksson, E. and Heaton, T., 1991- "TERRAscope and CUBE Project at Caltech. EOS." Trans. Am. Geophys. Un. 72.
16
Kouba, J., 2005- "A Possible Detection of the 26 December 2004 GreatSumatra-AndamanIslands Earthquake with Solution Products of the International GNSS Service." Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 49(4): 463-483.
17
Langbein, J. and Bock. Y., 2004- "High-rate real-time GPS network at Parkfield: Utility for detecting fault slip and seismic displacements." J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31.
18
Larson, K. M., 2009- "GPS Seismology." Journal of Geodesy 83: 227-233.
19
Larson, K. M., Bilich, A. and Axelrad, P., 2007- "Improving the precision of high-rate GPS." J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 112.
20
Larson, K. M., Bodin, P. and Gomberg, J., 2003- "Using 1-hz GPS data to measure deformations caused by the Denali fault earthquake." Science: 1421-1424.
21
Nikolaidis, R. and Bock, Y., de Jonge, P. J., Shearer, P., Agnew, D. C. and Van Domselaar, M., 2001- "Seismic wave observations with the Global Positioning System." J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 106(21): 897,916.
22
Segall, P. and Davis, J. L., 1997- "GPS Applications for Geodynamics and Earthquake Studies." Ann. Rev. Earth Planet 25: 301-336.
23
Sohne, W. and Schwahn, W., 2005- Ground motion at a great distance following the Sumatra-Andaman Mw 9.3 earthquake (Dec 26, 2004) using 1 Hz GPS data in a dense network. Advances in GPS data processing and modeling, London.
24
White, J. E., 1980- " Quantitative Seismology, Theory and Methods Volume I and Volume II by Keiiti Aki and Paul G. Richards." The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68(5): 1546.
25
Yusaku, O., Irwan, M., Takeshi, S., Fumiaki, K. and Kazuro, H., 2006- "Large surface wave of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake captured by the very long baseline kinematic analysis of 1-Hz GPS data." Earth Planets Space 58: 153-157.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Fuzzy Model to Predict the Uniaxial Compressive Strength and the Modulus of Elasticity of Shemshak Formation Shales
The uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of deformability of intact rocks are highly important parameters for rock engineering and engineering geology projects. Because of the difficulty of measuring these parameters and the need for laboratory equipments for their prediction, indirect methods are often used. In this study, some predictive models using regression analysis and fuzzy inference system have been developed for the Shales cropping out in the Shemshak formation in Siahbishe area. For this purpose, a series of easy measurable parameters such as density, porosity and point load index were applied. Both multiple regression analyses and the fuzzy inference system exhibited good performance in prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of deformability. The variation of regression coefficient (R2), performance indices (VAF) and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated as for the uniaxial compressive strength and the modulus of deformability obtained from the multiple regression model and the fuzzy inference system revealed that the prediction performances and accuracy of the fuzzy model are higher than those of multiple regression equations in prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of deformability.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54525_968e3fbafcdc99e82a5c7b2331baddcc.pdf
2012-05-21
103
110
10.22071/gsj.2012.54525
Fuzzy inference system
Shemshak Formation
Shale
Modulus of deformability
Uniaxial compressive strength
M.
Kianpour
mehdikianpoor61@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Theran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Sayari
2
Faculty of Science, University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Oromiea
3
Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Theran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
وحدتی دانشمند، ف.، 1379- نقشه زمینشناسی مرزنآباد، مقیاس 100000/1، شماره 6262، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، تهران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
3
درویشزاده، ع.، 1371- زمین شناسی ایران، تهران، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، 901 صفحه.
4
فهیمیفر، الف.، سروش، ح.، 1380- آزمایشهای مکانیک سنگ، جنبههای نظری و استانداردها، تهران، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر، 719 صفحه.
5
References
6
Alvarez Grima, M. & Babuska, R., 1999- Fuzzy model for the prediction of unconfined compressive strength of rock samples. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci 36, pp. 339–349.
7
Alvarez Grima, M., 2000 - Neuro-fuzzy modeling in engineering geology. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 244 pp.
8
ASTM Standards, D 5731-95., 2000- Standard test method for determination of the point load strength index of rock, Annual Book of ASTM Standards 04.08., pp. 1442-1448.
9
Cargill, J. S. & Shakoor, A., 1990- Evaluation of empirical methods for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci 27 (6), pp. 495-503.
10
Den Hartog, M. H.& Babuska, R., Deketh, H. J. R., Alvarez Grima, M.,Verhoef, P.N.W., Verbruggen, H.B., 1997- Knowledge-based fuzzy model for performance prediction of a rock-cutting trencher. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 16, pp. 43–66.
11
Edet, A., 1992- Physical properties and indirect estimation of microfractures using Nigerian carbonate rocks as examples. Engineering Geology 33, pp. 71–80.
12
Fahy, M. P. & Guccione, M. J., 1979- Estimating strength of sandstone using petrographic thin-section data. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists XVII (4), pp. 467–485.
13
Finol, J., Guo, Y.K. & Jing, X.D., 2001-A rule based fuzzy model for the prediction of petrophysical rock parameters. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 29, pp. 97–113.
14
Gokceoglu, C., 2002- A fuzzy triangular chart to predict the uniaxial compressive strength of Ankara agglomerates from their petrographic composition. Engineering Geology 66, pp. 39–51.
15
Grasso, P., Xu, S. &Mahtab, A., 1992- Problems and promises of index testing of rock. In: Tillerson, Waversik (Eds.), Rock Mechanics. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 879–888.
16
Gustafson, D. E., 1979 - Kessel WC. Fuzzy clustering with a fuzzy covariance matrix. In: Proc. IEEE CDC. San Diego, CA, pp.700-76
17
Howarth, D. F. & Rowlands, J. C., 1986- Development of an index to quantify rock texture for qualitative assessment of intact rock properties. Geotechnical Testing Journal 9, pp. 169–179.
18
Jang, J. S. R., 1993- ANFIS: Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics 23 (3), pp. 665-685.
19
Lotfizadeh, A., 1973 - Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processes, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics 3 (1), pp. 28-44.
20
Mamdani, E. & Assilian, S., 1975 - An experiment in linguistic synthesis with a fuzzy logic controller, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 7 (1), pp. 1-13.
21
Shakoor, A. & Bonelli, R. E., 1991- Relationship between petrographic characteristics, engineering Index properties and mechanical properties of selected sandstone. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists XXVIII (1), pp. 55–71.
22
Sugeno, M., 1985- Industrial applications of fuzzy control, New York, USA. Elsevier Science Pub. Co. 269 pp.
23
Ulusay, R.& Tureli, K., Ider, M.H., 1994- Prediction of engineering properties of a selected litharenite sandstone from its petrographic characteristics using correlation and multivariate statistical techniques, Eng. Geol 38, pp. 138-157.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biostratigraphy of Mobarak Formation at Valyabad Section , Chalous Road
The Mobarak Formation with 347.5 m, thickness is well exposed in Valyabad section , at the Karaj - Chalus road . The lower contact with underlying Laloon Formation is disconformable ,whereas stratigraphic relation to the overlying Dozdeband formation is transitional. According to the lithological character, the studied section can be subdivided into rock units . The lower part of the fm. consist of dark- gray to black limestone as well as marly limestone, while upper part consist mainly of sandy limestone with interbeds of marlstone. According to the microfossil investigation 14 genius and species have been recognized which leads 2 conodont biozones . The both conodont biozones correspond to the international standard conodont biozonation which suggest an Early Tournisian to Middle Visean time interval . in addition , a Namurian age is suggested for deposites of informal Dozdeband formation , based on foraminifers . Received conodont bizones are as :
Neopriniodus peracutus - Polygnathus longiposticus Assemblage- Zone
Hibbardella roundya - Gnathodus girtyi Assemblage- Zone
More over , 5 Holotorian species as well as 6 genuse ,72 species Foraminifers in form of 5 biozone have been distinguished. These biozones are as :
Eotuberitina retligener - Endothyra spirilloformis Assemblage- Zone
Archaediscus permodiscus - Archaediscus(Paraarchaediscus)mixtus Assemblage- Zone
Endostaffella parva - Brunsina pulchera Assemblage- Zone
Tuberitina bulbacea - Kammaena sp. Barren Interval Zone
Lipinella notata - Archaediscus planoarchaediscus Assemblage- Zone
The studied foraminifers support the given age . Conodonts the Color Alteration Index(CAI) correspond 190 to 300 C◦ which indicate dry gas stage or empty of any hydrocarbon.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54526_053c847baf40d19f07d7d363d682660e.pdf
2012-05-21
111
122
10.22071/gsj.2012.54526
Biostratigraphy
Biozone
Conodont
Mobarak Formation
Valyabad
N.
Ranjkesh
1
Research Institute of Earth Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahaedin Hamdi
Hamdi
hbahaedin@yahoo.com
2
Research Institute of Earth Science, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
احمدزادههروی، م.، خاکسار، ک.، 1377- مجموعهای از مرجانهای ایران همراه با اطلس آنها-سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور- کتاب شماره 66.
2
آقانباتی، س. ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
3
احمدزادههروی، م.، حمدی، ب.، محتاط، ط.، 1375- روزنهداران پلانکتون ناحیه مکران، مجموعهای از کنودونتهای ایران، طرح تدوین کتاب سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
4
References
5
Assereto , R., 1963- The Paleozoic Formation in central Elborz (Iran) poilimnery not RIV. Paleont. Strata, N.64, pp.542.
6
Bozorgnia, F., 1973- Paleozoic Foraminiferals biostratigraphy of cenral and east Alborz mountains , Iran (NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL COMPANY) .N.o.4
7
Epstein, A. G., Epstein, J. B. A. & Harris, 1977- Conodont color alteration ind. to organic metamorphism, us, Geol. Suerv.
8
Rhodes, T. F, Austin. L. R , Druce. E. C., 1969- British Avonian (Carboniferous) Conodont faunas and their value in local and intercontinental correlation, bulletin of the british museum (Natural history Geology) London.
9
Loblich, A. R. J & Tappan, H., 1988- Foraminiferal Genera and their classification ,VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY , NEW YORK.
10
VACHARD, D. & TAHIRI, A., 1991- Foraminiferes , Algues et Pseudo - algues du Viseen du la region d,Oulmes (Maroc) . Geologie Mediterraneenne.Tome XVIII,No.1-2.
11
Metcalfe, I., 1978- Conodont zonation and correlation of the Dinantian and Early Namurian strata of the Craven Lowlands of northern England.20p.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reducing Atmospheric Water Vapor Effects on the Interferogrametric SAR Products using MERIS-FR and GPS
(Case Study: Mashhad subsidence)
SAR interferometry has shown its abilities in measuring the surface deformation in various applications. Atmospheric signals as an important factor affecting the interferometric measurements have temporally uncorrelated and complicated behavior. In this paper, a model based on the error source is presented to reduce the atmospheric contributions on the interferometric measurements in Mashhad subsidence area. In this model, the Full-Resolution (RF) MODIS data and meteorological information were used in order to estimate the water vapor and reduce the pressure effect, respectively. Moreover, water drops as well as the clouds effects were considered in the proposed model. Utilizing error propagation, model error was estimated as 7.2 mm. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as a quantitative comparison between GPS measurements and interferometric results showed an improvement from 9 mm (before atmospheric correction) to 2 mm after applying the correction model.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54534_1abc4b7e7f2157c32c271c5d4842ba9e.pdf
2012-05-21
123
128
10.22071/gsj.2012.54534
Remote Sensing
SAR interferometry
MERIS
GPS
S.
Adham Khiabani
adham@ieee.org
1
Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Theran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. R.
Mobasheri
2
Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Theran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. J.
Valadanzoej
3
Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Theran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Dehghani
dehghani_rsgsi@yahoo.com
4
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
جمور، ی. موسوی، ز.، نانکلی، ح.، رحیمی، ز.، عربی، س.، طالبی، ع.،1384. گزارشی از نقشه غیر عادی در منطقه شمال مشهد مقدس، نشریه علمی-فنی نقشه برداری، شمال 74،.
2
مباشری، م.ر.،1385. مبانی فیزیک در سنجش از دور و فناوری ماهواره ای، انتشارات دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی،.
3
References
4
Albert, P., 2004- Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapour for numerical weather prediction. Ph.D. Thesis of Ferei University of Berlin.
5
Dehghani, M., Valadan Zouj, M., J., Biggs, J., Mansourian, A., Parsons, B., & Wright, T., 2009- RADAR Interferometry Time Series Analysis of Mashhad Subsidence, Journal of International Society of Remote Sensing (ISRS).
6
European Space Agency, 2006- MERIS Handbook, Oct.
7
Goldstein, R. M. & Werner, C. L., 1998- Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, No. 21, pp. 4035 – 8,.
8
Hanssen, R. F., 2001- Radar Interferometry: Data interpretation and Error Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
9
Hanssen, R. F., 1998- Atmospheric Heterogeneities in ERS Tandem SAR Interferometry, 136 pp., Delft Univ. Press, Delft, Netherlands.
10
Kramer, H. J., 2002- Observation of the earth and its environment, Springer.
11
Li, Z., Muller, J.-P., Cross, P. and Fielding , E. J., 2005- Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) atmospheric correction: GPS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and InSAR integration, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B03410, doi:10.1029/2004JB003446.
12
Li, Z., Muller, J.- P., Cross, P., Albert, P., Fischer, J. & Bennartz, R., 2006- Assessment of the potential of MERIS near-infrared water vapour products to correct ASAR interferometric measurements. International Journal of Remote Sensing Vol. 27, No. 2, P. 349–365.
13
Motagh, M., Djamour, Y., Walter, T. R., Wetzel, H., Zschau, J. and ArabiI, S., 2006- Land subsidence in Mashhad Valley, northeast Iran: Results from InSAR, Leveling and GPS, Geophysical Journal International, No. 168.
14
Paperin, M., 2007- Introduction to Clouds’ structures. Ph.D. Thesis of Hamburg University..
15
(Could be accessed in www.brockmann-consult.de/CloudStructures/introduction.htm)
16
Poland, J. F., 1984- Guidebook to studies of land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal, Unesco.
17
Smith, E. K. & Weintraub, S., 1953- The constants in the equation for atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies, Proc. IRE, 41,1035-1037.
18
Saastamoinen, J., 1972- Atmospheric correction for troposphere and stratosphere in radio ranging of satellites, in The Use of artificial satellites for Geodesy, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.15, edited by S.W. Henrikson, A Mancini, and B.H. Chovitz, pp. 247-252, AGU, Washington, D. C.
19
Vanicek, P. & Krakiwsky, E. 1986- Geodesy the Concepts., Elsevier science Publishers in Netherlands.
20
Zebker, H. A., Rosen, P. A. and Hensley, S. , 1997- Atmospheric Effects in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Surface Deformation and Topographic Maps, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B4), p.7547-7563.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Determining of the Nature of Magmatic Encalves in Granites of Malayer Plutonic Complex based on Geochemical and Statistical Methods
Granitic rocks of Malayer plutonic complex contain varieties of enclaves with different shapes, sizes, mineralogy andchemical composition. The interpretation of bivariant geochemical diagrams of major oxides and trace elements with respect to higher values of some of oxides such as MnO, TiO2, MgO, CaO& FeOt than host rocks in one groups of enclaves and moreover linear trend of these oxides and some of trace elements such as Ni, Cr, V indicate to different nature and mafic source of these enclaves (Mafic type) than host rocks and other enclaves (Felsic type).The study of chemical composition of this enclaves by using of univariant and bivariant statistical methods (bivariant regression analysis, correlation coefficients, cluster analysis and principle component analysis) indicate clear chemical contrast between mafic enclaves with felsic enclaves and granitic host rocks and in other side chemical affinity of felsic enclaves and their host rocks. Distinctive distribution of the majority of oxides and trace elements of mafic enclaves and host rocks and low values for R2 in regression analysis, low value of correlation coefficient of major element oxides and trace elements between enclaves and their host rocks, separate position of samples in cluster pattern and special direction of variants and samples of vectors in bivariant diagram of principle component analysis (PCA) are outputs of different geochemical characteristics of enclaves and host rocks. Moreover this correlates with different trends of each major oxides and trace elements in bivariant geochemical diagram (Harker diagram).
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54535_e5dac4d5a4c04b30d5b1269f7e25b61b.pdf
2012-05-21
129
140
10.22071/gsj.2012.54535
Enclave
Host Rock
Mineralogy
Geochemistry
Correlation coefficient
Statistical methods
R.
Deevsalar
reza_dsalar@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. V.
Valizadeh
2
College of Science Faculty of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran2
AUTHOR
V.
Ahadnejad
v.ahadnejad@gmail.com
3
Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افتخارنژاد، ج.، 1360- تقسیم بندی تکتونیکی ایران با توجه به حوضه های رسوبی. مجله انجمن نفت ایران، شماره 82، 19-28.
2
حسنی پاک، ع.ا.، شریف الدین، م.، 1380- تحلیل دادههای اکتشافی. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
3
فرقانی، ع.، 1348- مطالعه کانیشناسی و سنگشناسی گرانودیوریت سامن (ملایر)، نشریه شماره 15دانشکده فنی، دوره دوم.
4
گودرزی، ح. ا. ،1374- ماگماتیسم و متامورفیسم منطقه ملایر- بروجرد، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
5
دیوسالار، ر.، ولیزاده، م.، 1389- منشأ انکلاوها و زینولیتهای متاپلیتی مجموعه پلوتونیک ملایر، فصلنامه علومزمین، سال نوزدهم، شماره 76، ص 17-9.
6
دیوسالار، ر.، ولیزاده م.و.، احدنژاد و.، اسماعیلی د.، 1388-مطالعهی انکلاوهای ماگمایی مجموعهی پلوتونیک ملایر"، مجله علوم دانشگاه تهران ،35،2 ص 85-71.
7
صادقیان، م.، 1383- پترولوژی سنگ های نفوذی و دگرگونی منطقه چشمه قصابان همدان. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تهران.
8
قلمقاش، ج.، محمدیها، ک.، رشید،ح.، قهرایی پور، م.، 1384- امتزاج و اختلاط ماگمای مافیک و فلسیک در باتولیت الوند، شاهدی بر همزیستی ماگمایی. چکیده بیست و سومین همایش علوم زمین، سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی ایران.
9
مدنی ایوری، ح.،1359- پتروگرافی و پترولوژی توده آذرین گرانودیوریتی منطقه سامن و سنگهای همبر آن. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد پترولوژی دانشگاه تهران.
10
هاشمی، س. م.، 1385- مطالعه فرآیندهای تحول ماگمایی مجموعه پلوتونیک الوند. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان.
11
References
12
Arvin, M., Dargahi, S., Babaei, A. A., 2004- Petrogenesis and origin of the chenar granitoid stock , NW of Kerman, IRAN: Evidence of neotectonic subduction related arc magmatism.journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24: 105-113.
13
Barbarin, B., 2005- Mafic magmatic enclaves and mafic rocks associated with some granitoids of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: nature, origin, and relations with the hosts., Lithos 80 :155– 177.
14
Blake, S., Fink, J. H., 2000- On the deformation and freezing of enclaves during magma mixing. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 95:1–8.
15
Buccianti, A., Peccerillo, A., 1999- The complex nature of potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism in Central-Southern Italy: a multivariate analysis of major element data. In: Lippard S J, Naess A, Sinding-Larsen R (eds) Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology. Tapir, Trondheim, p. 145-150
16
Coulon, C., Clocchiatti, R., Maury, R. C., Westercamp, D., 1984- Petrology of basaltic xenoliths in andesite to dasite host lava from Martinique, evidence for magma mixing.Bull. Volcano, 47, 705-734.
17
Debon, F., 1991- Comparative major element chemistry in various ‘‘microgranular enclave–plutonic host’’ pairs. In: Didier, J., Barbarin B. (Eds.), Enclaves and Granite Petrology, Developments in Petrology, vol. 13. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 293–312.
18
Donaire, T ., Pascual. E ., Pin, C ., Duthou, J. L., 2005- Microgranular enclaves as evidence of rapid cooling in granitoid rocks: the case of the Los Pedroches granodiorite, Iberian Massif, Spain,. Contrib Mineral Petrol.149: 247–265.
19
Gabriel, K. R., 1971- The biplot graphical display of matrices with application to principal component analysis. Biometrika 58: 453-467.
20
Ghalamghash, J., Mirnejad, H., Rashid, H.,2009- Magma mixing and mingling pattern along Neo-Tethys continental margin, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, NW Iran: a case study from Alvand pluton, Neues Jahrbuch Fur Minealogie. Accepted paper for 2009.
21
Kumar, S., Rino, V., 2006- Mineralogy and geochemistry of microgranular enclaves in Palaeoproterozoic Malanjkhand granitoids, central India: evidence of magma mixing, mingling, and chemical equilibration. Contrib.Mineral.Petrol (2006) 152:591–609.
22
Pearce, J. A., 1983- Role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths. Shiva, Nantwich, p. 230-249
23
Sepahi, A. A.,2007- Syn-plutonic dykes and magma mingling: An example from the Alvand plutonic complex, Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, Iran. – Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. (Goldschmidt Conference) 71: A916.
24
Sepahi, A. A., 2008- Typology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, Iran: with emphasis on the Alvand plutonic complex. – N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 247:295–312.
25
Silva, M. M.V.G., Neiva, A. M. R., Whitehouse M. J., 2000- Geochemistry of enclaves and host granites from the Nelas area, Central Portugal. Lithos 50, 153–170.
26
Sun, S. S., McDonough, W. F., 1989- Chemical and isotopic systematic of ocean basalts: Implication for mantle composition and processes, In: Saunders, A. D. and Norry, M. J., Ed., Magmatism in Ocean Basins”, Geological Society of London Special Publication, 42, p. 313-345.
27
Vernon, R. H., 1983- Restite, xenoliths and microgranitoid enclaves in granites (Clarke Memorial Lecture). Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 116, 77-103.
28
Yilmaz, S. S., 2005- Geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves in the Tamdere Quartz Monzonite, south of Dereli/Giresun, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Chemie der Erde.2005 in press.
29
Zorpi, M. J., Coulon, C., Orsini,J. B., 1991- Hybridization between mafic and felsic magma in calc – alkalin granitoids – a case study northern Sardina, Italy. In: A,Peccerillo (Guest – Editor) Geochemistry of granitoid rockes , chem.Geol. 92,42-86.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrogenesis Geochemistry and Role of Deformation on Ore Elements Distribution of Barika Ggold-Rich Massive Sulfide Deposit, East of Sardasht, Northwest of Sanandaj – Sirjan Zone.
Barika deposit is the first and only recognized gold (and silver) rich – massive sulfide deposit in Iran which is located at 18 km east of Sardasht city, north western part of Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. Rock units outcropped in this area are volcano sedimentary metamorphosed rocks in green schist facies, and include association of metaandesite, metatuffite, phyllite and slate rocks, among which the metaandesitic unit (KMv1) is host rock of the deposit. Ore mineral assemblages in stratiform part of the deposit, which contain massive and banded pyrite and barite associated with subordinary silica bands, are very variable in composition and consist of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, stibnite and a variety of sulfosalt minerals and electrum. Ore mineral assemblage in silicic veins in stringer zone, are simpler and consist of pyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite and rare chalcopyrite. Average gold and silver grades in stratiform ore are 4.2 and 260 g/t respectively and in silica stringer veins are 0.7 and 30 g/t. Base metal content in both part of the deposit is less than 1%. Lithotectonic study and trace and rare earth elements diagrams associated with Ce/Pb and Nb/U ratios of the metavolcanic rocks in the deposit area indicate that the rocks were generated from a lithospheric mantle source in the active continental margin of the SSZ. A geochemical study of Barika deposit reveals that distribution patterns and correlation coefficient of ore elements in parts of the Barika stratiform ore and stringer zone are completely in correlation with an undeformed massive sulfide deposit. The geochemical documents indicate that despite the metamorphism and highly deformation on the deposit, the primary distribution patterns and proportion of the ore elements are well conserved, as geochemical characteristics of the Barika deformed deposit is as well as correlated with an undeformed gold- rich volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit. However there is clear textural evidence for remobilization of As, Sb, Ag and Pb minerals together with Au in Barika deposit, but, remobilized constituents of the ores do not appear to have moved beyond the margins of the ore bodies and primary metal zonation.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54536_b0df3aa60379fa119baf3559fc5778fe.pdf
2012-05-21
141
156
10.22071/gsj.2012.54536
Petrogenesis
Geochemistry
Gold- rich massive sulfide deposit
Kuroko type black ore
Metamorphism
deformation
Barika
Sanandaj – Sirjan Zone
H. A.
Tajeddin
hoseintajeddin@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculity of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Rastad
rastad@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculity of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Yagoubpour
3
Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mohajjel
mohajjel@tmu.ac.ir
4
Department of Geology, Faculity of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
تاج الدین،ح.، راستاد، ا.، یعقوب پور، ع.، محجل، م.، عابدیان، ن.، برنا، ب.، دری، م.، روزبه، س و یارمحمدی، ع.، 1388- مراحل تشکیل و تکوین کانسارسولفید تودهای غنی از طلای باریکا، بر اساس مطالعه ساخت، بافت و میکروترمومتری سیالات درگیر، خاور سردشت، سنندج - سیرجان شمالی. بیست و هفتمین همایش علومزمین و سیزدهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران. سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
عزیزی، ح.، مهرابی، ب و ایزدی، ف.، 1387- ماگماتیسم الیگوسن در زون تراست زاگرس ( محور صحنه – مریوان): دور دوم فرورانش نئوتتیس در پالئوژن.
3
یارمحمدی،ع.،راستاد،ا.،محجل،م.،شمسا،م.ج.،١٣٨٤- رخدادطلایباریکا: کانه زاییتیپ ماسیوسولفیدولکانوژنیکغنیازطلادرایران،خلاصهمقالاتبیستوچهارمینگردهماییعلومزمین،سازمانزمینشناسیواکتشافاتمعدنیکشور.
4
یارمحمدی،ع.، ١٣٨5- کانیشناسی،ژئوشیمی،ساختوبافتوژنزکانهزائیطلا(نقره، فلزاتپایهوباریت) درمحدودهمعدنیباریکا،شرقسردشت. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد،دانشکدهعلومپایه،دانشگاهتربیتمدرس.
5
یارمحمدی،ع.،راستاد،ا.،محجل،م.،شمسا،م .ج.،1٣٨7 - رخدادطلایباریکا: کانه زائیتیپماسیوسولفید ولکانوژنیکغنیازطلادرایران. مجلهعلومدانشگاهتهران. جلد 34، شماره 1، صفحات 60-47.
6
معین وزیری،ح.، عزیزی، ح.، مهرابی، ب و ایزدی، ف.، 1387- ماگماتیسم الیگوسن در زون تراست زاگرس (محور صحنه – مریوان): دور دوم فرورانش نئوتتیس در پالئوژن.
7
References
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Azizi, H., Moinevaziri, H., 2008- Review of the tectonic setting of Cretaceous to Quaternary volcanism in northwestern Iran. J. Geodyn. 47, 167–179.
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Ayers, J., 1998- Trace elements modelling of aqueous fluid–peridotite interaction in mantle wedge of subduction zones. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 132, 390–404.
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Brenan, J. M., Shaw, H. F., Phinney, D. L., Ryerson, F. J., 1995- Rutile–aqueous fluid partitioning of Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr. U and Th: implications for high field strength element depletions in island-arc basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 128, 327–339.
12
Dubé, B., Mercier-Langevin, P., Hannington, M., Davis, D., et Lafrance, B., 2004- Le gisement de sulfures massifs volcanogènes aurifères LaRonde, Abitibi, Québec: altération, minéralisations, genèse et implications pour l'exploration. Ministères des Resources naturelles de la faune et des parcs. MB 2004-03. 112p
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Dubé, B., Gosselin, P., Mercier-Langevin, P., Hannington, M. and Galley, A., 2007- Gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, in Goodfellow, W.D., ed., Mineral deposits of Canada—A synthesis of major deposit-types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods: Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication no. 5, p. 75–94.
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Eftekhar-Nezhad, J., 2004 - Exploration text of The Mahabad Quadrangle map :1:250,000 (North Kurdestan). Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran. Tehran
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Franklin, J. M., Gibson, H. L., Jonasson, I. R., Galley, A. G., 2005. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 523–560
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Hannington, M. D., Peter, J. M., and Scott, S. D., 1986- Gold in sea – floor polymetallic sulfides: Economic Geology. V.81, P.1867-1883
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Hannington, M. D., Poulsen, K. H., Thompson, J. F. H., and Sillitoe, R. H., 1999-Volcanogenic gold in massive sulfide environment: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 8, p. 325-356.
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Hofmann, A.W., 1988- Chemical differentiation of the earth: the relation between mantle, continental crust and oceanic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 297–314.
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Horikoshi & Shikazono, 1978- Subtypes and their characteristics of Kuroko- type deposits: Mining Geology, v.28, p.267-276.
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Huston, D., and Large, R., 1987- Genetic and Exploration Significanco ef the Zinc Ratio (100 Zn/(Zn + Pb)) in Massive Sulfide Systems.Economic Geology. Vol. 82, 1987, pp. 1521-1539
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50
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56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biostratigraphy of Oligocene and Lower Miocene Sediments (Pabdeh, Asmari, Gachsaran and Mishan Formations) on the basis of Foraminifera in Southwest Jahrum, Interior Fars
Oligocene-Lower Miocene sediments at Nareh section, situated in SW Jahrum consists of limestone, argillaceous limestone, marl and evaporatic sediments with a rich association of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera. In lower part of this succession, the Pabdeh sediments with a thickness of 115m is composed of shale, marl and intercalations of argillaceous limestone. The mentioned sediments continue through Late Eocene to Oligocene, which are overlain conformably by the Asmari Formation. The Asmari Formation consists of 250 m limestone and argillaceous limestone of which 210 m belongs to the lower Asmari and 40 m to middle Asmari. Argillaceous limestone and evaporatic-marly sediments of the Gachsaran Formation are overlain by the Asmari Formation. The Gachsaran Formation with a thickness of 510m is composed of three members of Chehel, Champeh and Moll. Pure and thick basal limestones of the Mishan Formation (Guri Member) with a thickness of 302 m, is situated above the Gachsaran Formation. Finally, Bakhtyari conglomerate lies uncomformably over the Mishan Formation. Variety of studied rock units in this section has caused different sedimentary environments, different facies and presence of abundant planktonic and benthonic foraminifera. By studying 203 samples including 193 hard and 10 washed samples, 34 genera and 47 species of benthonic foraminifera and 8 genera and 13 species of planktonic foraminifera, algae, briozoa and different macrofossils fragments were identified. Based on foraminiferal assemblages, the age of the lower part of the Pabdeh Formation is Late Eocene (Priabonian) and the upper part is Early Oligocene and the Asmari Formation is Oligocene (Late Rupelian-Chattian) to Early Miocene (Aquitanian). Also, the Gachsaran Formation belongs to Early Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian) and the age of the Mishan Formation (Guri Member) is Late Miocene (Burdigalian) .On the basis of recognized foraminifera association, Nareh stratigraphical section can be correlated with first to fourth Biozones of biozonation of Adams and Bourgeois (1967) and 54,57,59,61,63 and 64 Biozones of Wynd (1965).
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54538_230c10f6ef072b918b584e1bb131dff8.pdf
2012-05-21
157
166
10.22071/gsj.2012.54538
Foraminifera
Biostratigraphy
Oligocene-Lower Miocene
Interior Fars
J.
Daneshian
daneshian@khu.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
D,
Baghbani
2
Surface Geology, NIOC Exploration Directorate, Geology Department, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.A.
Aghanabati
3
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Norouzi
4
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آزادی جو، ا.، 1384- مطالعه میکروبایواستراتیگرافی سازند میشان در جنوب غرب دهدشت، پایان نامهکارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
2
احمدنیا، معینی، محمودی، 1377- زمینشناسی ساختمانی تاقدیس نره، گزارش زمینشناسی شماره 1877،شرکت ملی نفت ایران، مدیریت اکتشاف،اداره زمین شناسی سطح الارضی.
3
اطلس راههای ایران، 1386- موئسسه جغرافیایی و کارتوگرافی گیتاشناسی ایران.
4
دانشیان، ج.، خسروتهرانی، خ.، قیوم آبادی، ا. ا.، حسینزاده، م.، 1386- میکروبیواستراتیگرافی نهشتههای سازند آسماری در برش علمدار، شمال شرقبهبهان. مجله علمی پژوهشی علوم پایه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شماره 65.
5
دانشیان، ج.، زوارهای، الف.، همایونزاه، س.، قلاوند، ه.، 1387- لیتواستراتیگرافی سازند میشان در بخش مرکزی فرو افتادگی دزفول، جنوب شرق رامهرمز، مجله علمی پژوهشی علوم پایه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شماره 69.
6
زاهدی نژاد، ج، 1366- مطالعه زمینشناسی عضو ماسه سنگی اهواز در منطقه جنوب غرب حوضه آسماری، گزارش زمینشناسی شماره 4028، شرکت ملی نفت ایران.
7
فشکی، ع. ا.، 1382- ویژگیهای زیستچینهای سازند میشان در منطقه گچساران بر مبنای نانو فسیلهای آهکی، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران.
8
ماجدی، ر.، 1370- مطالعه روزنبران وچینهشناسی زیستی آنها و میکروفاسیس بخش گوری سازند میشان درناحیه بندر عباس، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
9
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- چینهشناسی زاگرس، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، طرح تدوین کتاب زمینشناسی ایران.
10
مطیعی،ه،1365- زمینشناسی ایران، چینهشناسی زاگرس، سازمان زمینشناسی ایران.
11
موحد، ب.، 1372- رسوبشناسی و پتروگرافی سازند میشان در شمال بندر عباس، پایان نامه کارشناسیارشد،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
12
همایون زاده، س.، 1381: لیتواستراتیگرافی و بیواستراتیگرافی سازند میشان در بخش مرکزی فروافتادگیدزفول، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
13
References
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Blow, W. H., 1969- Late Middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Proc. Intern. Conf. Planktonic Microfossils, 1st,1: 199-421.
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Lees, G. M., 1933-Reservoir rocks of Persian oil field:Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. B.,V.17, No.3,p.229- 240
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Postuma, J. A., 1971- Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera,Elsevire Publishing Company, Amesterdam. 420 p.
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Racey, A., 1994- Biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeographic significance of Tartiary Nummulitids(foraminifera) from northern Oman. In:M.D. Simmons (ed.) Micropalaeontology and Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Middle East. Chapman & Hall, London. ISBNO 412427702.
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Seyrafian, A. and Hamedani, A., 1998- Microfacies and depositional environment of the upper Asmari Formation (Burdigalian), North- Central Zagros Basin, Iran. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paleontologie Abhandlungen, 210(2), 129-414.
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Seyrafian, A., Vaziri, H. and Torabi, H., 1996- Biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation, Burujen area: J. Sci., I. R. Iran, v.7, no.1. p.31-47, Tehran.
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Strong, M. W., 1937- Micropetrographic methods as an aid to the stratigraphy of chemical deposits: World Petrol congr.2 nd., Paris, vol.1, pp.395-399.
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Thomas, A. N., 1948- The Asmari Limestone of southwest Iran, ALOC Report 706, Unpublished.
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Watson, S. E., 1960 a- Revision of the lower Fars key beds in the Gachsaran field. IOOC Report No.946 (Unpub).
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Wells, A. J., 1967- Lithofacies and geological history of lower Tertiary sediments in Southwest Iran, IOOC Report No.1120 (Unpub).
42
Wynd, J. G., 1965- Biofacies of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area,Iranian Oil Company. Report no.1082, Unpublished.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrocarbon Potential Evaluation of Gadvan Formation by Using ∆LogR Method in South Pars Field
Hydrocarbon potential Evaluation of formations by using ∆logR method (a method based on separation of well logging of porosity DT/CN./RHOB) and resistivity well logging (Rt). This method has been today applied as an appropriate method in many of famous wells of the world. The beginning of these methods drew attention of many researchers in 1980. It had organic matters on the well logging based on the influences of layers containing organic matters. Passey et al. (1990) provided away for predicting of rich of organic material in source rock that have a high accuracy and potential for studying extensive rang of maturity condition. The basis of this method is overlapping porosity well logging (sonic, neutron, density) scaled on the resistivity well logging and determining the degree of separation between these two loges and calculation of total organic carbon TOC and S2. Using this method we can gain appropriate relative evaluation of formations without preparing sample during times of exploration. In this study, the areas which have rich organic matter of Gadvan formation in the SP-A well located in the South Pars Area have been deter mind with use of ∆logR way and for SP-A well, yielding results of this studies was compared with data relating to Rock – Eval Pyrolysis analysis of core samples and was observed good correlation.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54540_c60cfa95125573d2a5566604074c6904.pdf
2012-05-21
167
174
10.22071/gsj.2012.54540
Gadvan Formation
TOC
LOM
Rock-Eval pyrolysis
Resistivity log
Sonic log
∆LogR method
M. A.
Oladzad Abbas Abadi
m.oladzad@gmail.com
1
Dept. of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Movahed
bmovahed"
2
Pars Oil & Gas Co., Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اشکان، ع. م.، 1383- اصول مطالعات ژئوشیمیایی با نگرش ویژه به حوضه رسوبی زاگرس، شرکت ملی نفت.
2
اطلاعات داده شده از شرکت نفت و گاز پارس، 1389
3
خسروتهرانی، خ.، 1386- چینهشناسی ایران، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
4
درویشزاده، ع.، 1382- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات امیرکبیر.
5
رضایی، م. ر.، 1380- زمینشناسی نفت، تهران، انتشارات علوی.
6
کلانتری، ن.، 1371- میکروفسیلهای زاگرس، انتشارات شرکت نفت ایران.
7
کمالی، م.ر.، شایسته، م.، 1387- مبانی ژئوشیمی در اکتشاف نفت، انتشارات پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت.
8
کمالی، م.ر، قربانی، ب.، 1385- ژئوشیمی آلی از فیتوپلانکتونها تا تولید نفت، انتشارات آرین زمین.
9
References
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Abou Shagar, S., 2006- “ source rock evaluation of some intervals in the gulf of Suez area, EGYPT” EGYPTIAN JOURNAL
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Aly, H., Nasser, S. A , Abou Ashour ,M. Al., and El-Gezeiry, M., ,M. H. M., 2003- “resistivity, radioactivity and porosity logs as tools to evaluate the organic content of Aburoash “F” and “G” members, north western desert, Egypt” EGS JOURNAL
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Meyr, B. & Nederlof, M., 1984- “ identification of source rocks on wireline logs by density/resistivity and sonic transite time/resistivity cross plots” AAPG
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Passey, Q., Creaney, J., Kulla, F., Moretti, F. & Stroud, J., 1998- “ Well log evaluation of organic-rich rocks, 14th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry” AAPG
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Passey, Q., Creaney, J., Kulla, F., Moretti, F. & Stroud, J., 1990- “A practical model for organic richness from porosity and resistivity logs” AAPG
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17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrography and Geochemistry of Boket Residual Ores, NE Ajabshir, East-Azarbaijan Province, Iran
Boket residual horizon is located in ~15 km northeast of Ajabshir, East-Azarbaijan province. This horizon was developed as stratiform lenses along the contact of Ruteh (middle-upper Permian) and Elika (Triassic) carbonate formations. The ores within this horizon display pelitomorphic, micro-granular, micro-ooidic, pseudo-porphyritic, ooidic, pisoidic, pseudo-breccia, and nodular textures. Based on geochemical data, the ores within this horizon are divided into five types, (1) ferritic laterite, (2) bauxitic laterite, (3) kaolinitic laterite, (4) ferritic kaolinite, and (5) laterite. Comparison of distribution patterns of elements across a selected profile indicates the effective role of Al and Ti in distributing and concentrating of Zr, Ga, Nb, Th, V, and HREEs within the ores. Incorporation of data obtained from petrographical and geochemical studies shows that the ores have authigenic origin. Furthermore, factors such as chemical variations of weathering solutions, fixation in neomorphic phases, existing in resistant minerals, heterogeneity of protolith, differences in the degree of weathering intensity, and adsorption processes coupled with weak drainage, diagenesis, dynamic pressures, and fluctuation of underground water table played crucial roles in distribution and development of ores within this horizon. The most notable geochemical characteristics of the ores (except in kaolinitic laterite) is the greater mobility of LREEs relative to HREEs during weathering processes. This abnormal behavior within the horizon could be related to factors such as differences in stability of primary minerals containing REEs, the pH variation (from 6.7 to 7.8) of weathering solutions, and moderate degree of evolution of the profile.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54541_a38ec9d33aa07fd97e15853a40ee24a5.pdf
2012-05-21
175
184
10.22071/gsj.2012.54541
Ajabshir
Boket
Laterite
Distribution of Elements
Residual Horizon
H.
Khalilzadeh
1
Geology Faculty, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran , Iran
AUTHOR
A. A.
Calagari
calagari@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz , Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Abedini
a.abedini@urmia.ac.ir
3
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Rahimpour-Bonab
4
Geology Faculty, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran , Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
باقرزاده کریمی، ن.، 1374- محیط رسوبی رسهای بوکسیتی پرمین فوقانی شمال غرب مراغه، رساله کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده زمینشناسی دانشگاه تهران، 60 ص.
2
خدابنده، ع.، امینی فضل، ع.، 1373- نقشه زمینشناسی اسکو به مقیاس 1:100000، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
خلیلزاده، ه.، 1388- بررسیهای زمینشیمیایی و ژنز نهشتههای بوکسیت- لاتریت شمال شرق عجبشیر (استان آذربایجان شرقی)، رساله کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده زمینشناسی دانشگاه تهران، 123 ص.
4
شهرابی، م.، 1373- شرح نقشه زمینشناسی چهارگوش ارومیه مقیاس 1:250000. انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 81 ص.
5
عابدینی، ع.، 1387- بررسی کانیشناسی، ژئوشیمی و ژنز نهشتههای بوکسیتی- لاتریتی پرمین تا تریاس در شمال غرب ایران. رساله دکتری گروه زمینشناسی دانشگاه تبریز، 184ص.
6
علوی نائینی، م.، شهرابی، م.، سعیدی، ع.، 1364- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:250000 چهارگوش ارومیه. سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
7
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Beyala, V. K. K., Onana, V. L., Priso, E. N. E., Parisot, J. & Ekodeck, G. E., 2009- Behaviour of REE and mass balance calculations in a lateritic profile over chlorite schists in South Cameroon. Chemie der Erde - Geochemistry 69, 61-73.
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Calagari, A. A., Kangrani, F. & Abedini, A., 2010- Geochemistry of major, trace and rare earth elements in Biglar Permo-Triassic bauxite deposit, northwest of Abgarm, Ghazvin province. Journal of Sciences 21, 225-236.
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Fernandez-Caliani, J. & Cantano, M., 2010- Intensive kaolinization during a lateritic weathering event in southwest Spain mineralogical and geochemical inferences from a relict paleosol. Catena 80, 23-33.
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Karadag, M., Kupeli, S., Arik, F., Ayhan, A., Zedef, V. & Doyen, A., 2009- Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and genetic implications of the Mortas bauxite deposit (Seydisehir/Konya-southern Turkey. Chemie der Erde- Geochemistry 69, 143-159.
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Laskou, M. & Economou-Eliopoulos, M., 2007- The role of microorganisms on the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Parnassos-Ghiona bauxite deposits, Greece. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 93, 67-77.
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Ma, J., Wei, G., Xu, Y., Long, W., and Sun, W., 2007. Mobilization and re-distribution of major and trace elements during extreme weathering of basalt in Hainan Island, South China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, 3223-3237.
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MacLean, W. H., Bonavia, F. F. & Sanna, G., 1997- Argillite debris converted to bauxite during karst weathering: evidence from immobile element geochemistry at the Olmedo deposit, Sardinia, Mineralium Deposita 32, 607-616.
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Mameli, P., Mongelli, G., Oggiano, G. & Dinelli, E., 2007- Geological, geochemical and mineralogical features of some bauxite deposits from Nurra (western Sardinia, Italy): Insights on conditions of formation and parental affinity. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96, 887-902.
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Mordberg, L. E., 1993- Patterns of distribution and behavior of trace elements in bauxites. Chemical Geology 107, 241-244.
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Schellmann, W., 1983- A new definition of laterite. Natural Resources and Development 18, 7-21.
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Facies Analysis and Environmental Interpretation of Planolites and Palaeophycus Trace Fossils from Paleozoic Sediments of Mid-Iran Zone
Some of Paleozoic sediments from Alborz and Central Iran subzones from Mid-Iran zone evaluated for distinction of Palaeophycus and Planolites ichnofossils. These sediments include Shale Member of Lalun Formation, Shirgesht Formation, member 5 of Mila Formation and Geiroud Formation. A diverse ichnofauna has been found in these Formations, so Planolites and Palaeophycus are abundant between them. Ichnotaxa diagnosis and some determination problems of these ichnogenera was discussed here. Overall characteristics of Palaeophycus suggest dwelling structure made by predator or suspension-feeder and passive sedimentation in the open burrow. Planolites, on the other hand imply active backfilling structure in ephemeral burrows, which constructed by a mobile deposite-feeder. Planolites include unlined burrows with infilled sediments differ texturally from host rock. Whereas Palaeophycus is lined burrow filled by same sediments of surrounding matrix. Accordingly, Palaeophycus assemblage members made by opportunistic communities with r-selected population strategies in physically-controlled and unstable environment, whereas ichnofossils of Planolites assemblage are related to benthic communities with displaying K-selected or climax strategies in the stable environments and rather predictable conditions. Recognized ichnospecies of Planolites are P. montanus, P. annularis, P. terraenovae and P.beverleyensis. and ichnospecies of Palaeophycus include P. heberti, P. tubularis, P. striatus. P. sulcatus and P. alternates.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54543_8e391c4188b42033dbd9aa407a6f0d49.pdf
2012-05-21
185
196
10.22071/gsj.2012.54543
Paleozoic
Ichnogeneus
Ichnospecie
Palaeophycus
Planolites
Alborz
Central Iran
A.
Bayat Gol
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Abbassi
abbasi@znu.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Mahboubi
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Moussavi-Harami
4
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Amin Rasouli
h.aminrasouli@uok.ac.ir
5
Department of Geology, Natural Resources Faculty, Kordestan University, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اخروی، ر.، عباسی، ن. و ربانی. ا. ، 1378- استفاده از دادههای میکروفاسیسی در ایکنولوژی آهک ورمیکوله سازند الیکا (تریاس زیرین) در برش سربندان. مجله علوم دانشگاه تهران، جلد 25، شماره 2، صفحات 154-137.
2
اعتماد سعید، ن. و حسینی برزی، م.، 1389- رخسارههای سنگی، محیط رسوبی و تغییرات نسبی سطح آب در نهشتههای منتسب به سازند لالون، برش باهمو، بلوک پشت بادام. فصلنامه علوم زمین، تابستان 89، سال نوزدهم، شماره 76.
3
حسینی برزی، م. و بایت گل، آ.، 1389- تحلیل رخسارهای و محیط رسوبی نهشتههای سیلیسی آواری- کربناته سازند شیرگشت در بلوک کلمرد ایران مرکزی. رخسارههای رسوبی. جلد 2، شماره 1. ص 1-24.
4
بایت گل، آ.، محبوبی، ا.، حسینی برزی، م. و موسوی حرمی، ر.، 1389- مدل ایکنولوژیکی نهشتههای آواری سازند شیرگشت در زیر پهنه کلمرد ایران مرکزی. مجله چینهنگاری و رسوب دانشگاه اصفهان. دوره 26 شماره 1، ص. 68-43.
5
سرداری، ا. و لاسمی، ی.، 1379- بررسی میکروفاسیسها و محیط رسوبی عضو 5 سازند میلا در البرز شرقی. چهارمین همایش انجمن زمین شناسی ایران. فشرده مقالات، ص. 646.
6
طباطبایی، و.، حسینی برزی، م. و قدسی،ع.، 1386- محیط رسوبی و برخاستگاه زمین ساختی سازند لالون در مقاطع مسکین و شورگل آذربایجان غربی. بیست و ششمین گردهمایی علوم زمین.
7
لاسمى، ی.، امین رسولى، ه.، 1382- چینه نگارى سکانسى واحدهاى شیلى و کوارتزیتى بالایى سازند لالون در ناحیه تویه-دروار (جنوب باخترى دامغان). فصلنامه علوم زمین. سال یازدهم. شماره 48-47. ص 67-48.
8
لاسمی.ی.، قوچی اصل، ا. و امین رسولی، ه.، 1383- نهشتههای طوفانی آواری و کربناته سازند جیرود در ناحیه تویه-دروار (جنوب باختر دامغان). هشتمین همایش انجمن زمین شناسی ایران.
9
محمد خانی، ح. و خزایی، م.، 1384- محیط رسوبی و چینه نگاری سکانسی سازند جیرود در دره مبارک آباد و شمال شرق روستای زایگون، (البرز مرکزی). بیست و چهارمین همایش سازمان زمین شناسی کشور.
10
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Trophic Habitats and Paleoecology of Marine Gastropods from the Bakhtiari Succession (Shalamzar Area, Central-Western Iran)
Shallow marine gastropod assemblages of the recently discovered marine sequence of the Bakhtiari clastic succession in the Zagros Basin are studied in the Shalamzar area. The systematic studies of the fauna yielded 21 genera and 9 species of gastropods from 20 families distributed in 7 facies. The molluscs are from the following families: Turritellidae, Cerithiidae,Volutidae, Ranellidae, Strombidae, Muricidae, Conidae , Naticidae, Mitridae(?), Olividae, Cancellariidae, Triforidae, Melongenidae, Aclididae, Plesiotrochidae,Cypredae Sorbeoconcha,Trochidae , Turbinidae and Buccinidae (?)indet. The abundant species and genera belong to the families of Cerithiidae, Strombidae, Turritellidae and Turbinidae. Detailed paleoecology interpretation was made based on the trophic habitats of the gastropods. The habitats are distinguished as four types of trophic categories including Carnivores, Herbivores, Omnivores and facultative mobile suspension feeders. The herbivorous gastropods dominate the faunal assemblages due to the high accumulation of detritus and plant organic matters within the sediments. The distribution of the gastropods is controlled by their trophic habitats that directly depend on the environmental changes such as water turbulence, sedimentation and suspension rates, detritus input, and water energy. The gastropod assemblages describe an environment ranging from the higher energy intertidal zone to the deeper and lower stage of an oligophotic zone within a middle ramp. The test size of the molluscs was also controlled by the ecological factors. Abundant nutrients as well as deeper basin conditions decreased the shell size of some groups of gastropods. The larger shells appeared in the shallower depth zones with a lack of nutrients. The occurrence of the mentioned gastropod taxa and Miocene faunistic relationship with adjacent bioprovinces represent a faunal exchange between the Zagros basin and Mediterranean and Parathethys seaway by a shallow pathway trough. A weak marine connectivity with Caribbean Sea and Indian Ocean is also reflected by the faunal groups.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54545_55fe7fc5ec0d2f2b152c51383dc6851c.pdf
2012-05-21
197
210
10.22071/gsj.2012.54545
Bakhtiari Succession
Shalamzar Area
Gastropod
Trophic Habitate
Paleoecology
Faunistic Relationship
A. H.
Rahiminejad
mrrahiminejad7@gmail.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Yazdi
meh.yazdi@gmail.com
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,
AUTHOR
A. R.
Ashouri
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اسماعیلی، ک.، 1386- مطالعه رخسارهها و محیط رسوبی نهشته های ترشیاری (سازند بختیاری) و رسوبات آبرفتی دانه درشت کواترنر در جنوب شهرکرد، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان، 129 ص.
2
زاهدی، م.، واعظی پور، ج.، و رحمتی، ایلخچی، م. 1376- نقشه زمینشناسی چهارگوش شماره E8 (شهر کرد)، مقیاس 250000/ 1، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
3
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Tectonic Slip Rate of Northern Band of Tehran by using GPS
In previous decades, using traditional geodetic observations such as distance and angle measurements was prevalent in the earth surface displacement studies. After accessing to satellite positioning systems with a high precision ability such as GPS, we encountered to an upheaval in the earth surface displacement studies. Indeed using temporal variations of the earth surface deformation, the seismotectonics of the area can be distinguished. Deformation modeling of the area can be accessed using the analyzing of repeated geodetic measurements. In Tehran area the earthquake studies is an important task and in this paper we are going to use GPS measurements for this field. Here 35 GPS stations cover whole of Tehran which consists North Tehran fault. These stations were occupied at least 2 annual epochs and some of them were measured more than 4 times. After processing the acquired data and analyzing the results, the velocity field was obtained. Deformation analysis of the velocity field shows a small left lateral movement about 0.5-2 mm/year and more or less the same value for shortening in the northern band Tehran area. This value is not constant along the northern band and it seems the eastern part where we reach the Mosha fault the deformation is more significant than western part. The observed rate is equal to a total movement of ~5km during 2.5-10 my which is consistent with geological studies carried out in this area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54547_51c00bdfbea9ece23cfba049f3bf8c73.pdf
2012-05-21
211
218
10.22071/gsj.2012.54547
Geodesy
Seismotectonic
Northern band of Tehran
deformation
GPS
Yahya
Djamour
y_djamour@sbu.ac.ir
1
Geomatics College National Cartographic Center of I.R. Iran Meraj st., Azadi sq., Tehran, IRAN, P.Box: 13185-1684
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Hashemi Tabatabaei
htabatabaei@bhrc.ac.ir
2
Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Sedighi
3
Geodetic Departments, National Cartographic Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H. R.
Nankali
4
Geodetic Departments, National Cartographic Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
بربریان، م.، قرشی، م.، ارژنگ روش ب، مهاجر اشجعی، ا.، 1365- پژوهشهای لرزهزمینساخت و خطر زمینلرزه در گستره تهران، گزارش 56، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، تهران، ایران.
2
بربریان، م.، قرشی، م.، شجاع طاهری، ج.، طالبیان، م.، 1375- پژوهشهای لرزهزمین ساخت و خطر زمینلرزه در گستره سمنان، گزارش 63، 277 صفحه، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، تهران، ایران.
3
قاسمی، م. ر.، قرشی، م.، 1383- مطالعه منطقهای گسلهای اصلی لرزهزا در رشته کوه البرز، گزارش کمیته تحقیقات علمی، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، تهران، ایران، 58 صفحه.
4
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36
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37
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40
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41
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Organic Matter Characterization and Thermal Modeling of the Basal Black Shale from the Shemshak Group (Upper Triassic- Middle Jurassic) in the Tazareh Section, Eastern Alborz, Northern Iran
Geochemical characteristics (Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analysis of kerogen), palynofacies and organic petrography (using light transmitted-reflected-uv microscopy) of the basal black shale from the Shemshak Group (Upper Triassic- Middle Jurassic) in the Tazareh section (Eastern Alborz) have been investigated. The basal black shale is rich in amorphous organic matter with fewer amounts of vitrinite particles that was deposited in lacustrine environment under anoxic to suboxic conditions. According to vitrinite reflectance values (mean VRr=2.1%), organic matter of the basal black shale has experienced high thermal maturity during deep burial. In this study samples residual organic carbon content is 1 wt.% on average. Thermal modeling results using 1D Genex4 software show that the basal black shale of the Shemshak Group became mature during the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous time and generated hydrocarbon. At the present day, this organic facies in the Tazareh section is thermally over-mature and depleted in hydrogen and is located in the dry gas generation window. Presently, these sediments are considered as shale gas resources.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54549_fee0474273045f643f16ab487c1ed73b.pdf
2012-05-21
219
228
10.22071/gsj.2012.54549
Thermal Modeling
Petroleum source rock evaluation
Shemshak Group
Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic
Tazareh section
Alborz
Northern Iran
Ali
Shekarifard
ashekary@ut.ac.ir
1
Petroleum Engineering Group, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Baudin
2
Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris, UPMC-Univ. Paris06 et CNRS, UMR 7193, Paris, France.
AUTHOR
K.
Seyed-Emami
kemami@ut.ac.ir
3
School of Mining Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
J.
Schnyder
4
Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris, UPMC-Univ. Paris06 et CNRS, UMR 7193, Paris, France
AUTHOR
H.
Rahimpour-Bonab
5
School of Geology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
References
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Assereto, R., 1966- The Jurassic Shemshak Formation in central Elburz (Iran). Riv Ital Paleont Stratigr 72:1133–1182
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Allen, P. A. & Allen, J. R., 2005- Basin analysis principles and application. 2nd ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, 549p.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Plant Macrofossils from Tiar Area, South Amol, Dating and Correlation with the other Florizone of Iran
There is a well-preserved plant macrofossils florizone near the Tiar village, south Amol, Central Alborz, Iran. It contains abundant plant maccrofossils belonging to 9 taxa of various orders, such as Equisetales, Filicales, Bennettitales, Cycadales, Ginkgoales and Coniferales. Based on the occurrence of Equisetites beanii and Elatides thomasii an earlyMiddle Jurassic age is suggested for this assemblage. This florizone can be correlated to the plant macrofossils assemblage of Iva (Baladeh), Rudbarak (NE Semnan), Central Alborz; Golmakan (Binalud, Kopehdagh) and Pabdana and Hashooni (KermanBasin).
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54551_2d9f33b1f05b1fb7eae72ddfdef7f802.pdf
2012-05-21
229
237
10.22071/gsj.2012.54551
plant macrofossils
Amol
Central Alborz
Aalenian-Bajocian
Correlation
F.
Vaez Javadi
fatemehjavadi@khayam.ut.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Geology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
واعظ جوادی، ف.، پورلطیفی، ع.، 1383- معرفی چند ماکروفسیل گیاهی از گلمکان، شمال خاور ایران. فصلنامه علمی – پژوهشی علوم زمین؛ شماره 51-52، ص.107-98.
2
واعظ جوادی، ف.، 1387- ماکروفسیلهای گیاهی ایران. انتشارات سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست . تهران ،236 صفحه .
3
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