ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dynamic Analysis of Fractures in North of Torud – Moalleman Area (Central Iran, East South of Damghan)
Detailed geological and structural analysis of north of Torud-Moalleman area (Central Iran), between Anjilu fault in north and Torud fault in the south, led to tectonic elements of this limit such as fractures and relative of their mechanism with left lateral sheared zone of two main faults. This study provides a movement system of Chalu, Gandi and Hafez faults in this shear zone. On the basis of kinematics findings and using general methods of fault slip analysis (orientation of slip plane, slip vector, shape of stress ellipsoid and angle of internal friction) region stress field were calculated after determining the angle of internal friction for each one of fault limits. Then, the main stress orientation determinates for combination data that values of ،وwere 195/10, 339/78 and 104/07 respectively. The shape of stress ellipsoid was defined on the basis of shape factor, [R= (-) / (-)], (Angelier, 1975). The R-value for whole studied regions was about 0.5 and deformation type was mainly left lateral transpressional with reverse component. Such results are evident from N-NE (N195) trending in the region and northward movement of the lithosphere. These finding are in line with field research results of fractures, faults and mechanism in this general shear zone.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54577_0198986105a3ee9b6f377861a47da56c.pdf
2011-02-20
3
16
10.22071/gsj.2010.54577
fracture
Dynamic analysis
Torud
Stress
Central Iran
Moalleman
A.
Keynezhad
anahita.keynezhad@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Campus, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Pourkermani
mohsen.pourkermani@gmail.com
2
Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Arian
mehranariyan@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Campus, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Saeedi
4
Research Institute of Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Lotfi
mo_lotfi@iautnb.ac.ir
5
Research Institute of Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
بدخشان ممتاز، ق.، 1382- گزارش تهیه و تکمیل نقشه زمینشناسی معدنی با مقیاس 1:500 منطقه گندی، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور
2
سهیلی، م. و بدخشان ممتاز، ق.، 1381- گزارش نتایج بررسیهای اکتشافی مرحله نیمه تفصیلی در کانسارهای پلی متال - طلای چشمه حافظ و چالو ، سازمان صنایع و معادن استان سمنان.
3
References
4
Angelier, J., 1975b- Determination of the mean principal directions of stresses for a given fault population. Tectonophysics 56, T17-T26.
5
Angelier, J., 1994- Fault slip analysis and paleostress reconstruction. P 53-100. In: Continental de formation Eds. M, l. Honcock, P. L., pergamon press, London.
6
Hoeppener, R., 1995- Tectonic in Schiefergebirge., Geol. Rdsch, 44, 26-58, Stuttgart.
7
Michael, A., 1984- Determination of stress from slip data: fault and folds. J. geophys. Res., B 89, 11517-11526.
8
Michel, G. W., 1993- Modeling fault slip data sets: A key for approximating stretching ratios. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologichen Gesellschaft. 144, 150-158.
9
Sperner, B., Ott, R. & Ratschbacher, L., 1993- Fault-strain analysis: a turbo pascal program pakage for graphical presentation and reduced stress-tensor calculation. Computers & Geosciences,(19)9, 1361-1388, Manchester.
10
Wallbrecher, E., Fritz, H. & Unzog, W., 1996- Estimation of the shape factor of a paleostress ellipsoid by comparison with theoretical slickenline patterns and application of an eigen value method. Tectonophysics, 255, 177-187.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Multi Disciplinary Approach for Seismic Microzonation of Bam City
Earthquake struck Bam city on 12/26/2004. Seismic microzonation of Bam city started with the aim to determine engineering geological and geotechnical characteristic in order to reduce the future earthquake disasters. The seismic microzonation included geoelectric, geoseismic, geotechnic, seismotechtonic, hazard analysis and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Based on seismic results and Standard No. 2800, Bam city can be classified as "Site class I" and " II" .Depth of the seismic bedrock throughout the city approximately is less than 30 m except some portion of central part. The subsurface geotechnical investigation was carried by continuous coring, ten types of soil were identified and their surface and subsurface distributions were mapped. Site response analysis was performed to determine various parameters such as peak acceleration, period corresponding to maximum resonance and coefficient of amplification for various return periods throughout the study area. Results indicated that Bam city can be divided in to four zones with different designed spectra. Some of the design spectra of Bam city were compared with Eurocode and Standard No. 2800.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54580_f6067ecf4e30a6b7e617a2660be84947.pdf
2011-02-20
17
26
10.22071/gsj.2010.54580
Seismic micozonation
Bam earthquake
Soil type
Motion parameters
Design spectrum
S.
Hashemi Tabatabaei
htabatabaei@bhrc.ac.ir
1
Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Mohamadi
2
Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A. S.
Salamat
3
Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
کمیته دائمی بازنگری آییننامه طراحی ساختمانها در برابر زلزله، 1384- آییننامه طراحی ساختمانها در برابر زلزله (استاندارد 2800 ایران)، ویرایش سوم، مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن.
2
طالبیان، م.، هاشمیطباطبایی، س.، فتاحی، م.، قرشی، م.، بیت اللهی، ع.، قلندرزاده، ع. و ریاحی، م. ع.، 1388- برآورد نرخ لغزش گسلههای پیرامون بم و کاربرد آنها در ارزیابی خطر زمینلرزه، مجله علومزمین شماره 74، زمستان 1388.
3
هاشمیطباطبایی، س.، فاطمیعقدا، م.، بیتالهی، ع.، سعید، ن.، محمدی، ا. س. و سلامت، ا. س.، 1388- راهنمای تهیه نقشههای زمینشناسی مهندسی برای ریزپهنهبندی لرزهای در مناطق شهری، مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن.
4
هاشمیطباطبایی، س.، قلندرزاده، ع.، ریاحی، م. ع.، طالبیان، م.، بیتاللهی، ع.، 1385- مطالعات لرزهخیزی، ژئوتکنیک و ژئوتکنیک لرزهای شهر بم، مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن.
5
References
6
Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P., 1982- A history of Persian earthquakes, Cambridge University Press, UK, 219pp. Baker, C., 1993. The active seismicity and tectonics of Iran, Ph.D. thesis (unpublished), University of Cambridge, 228pp.
7
ASTM D422, 2007- Standard Test method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils, American Society for Testing and Materials.
8
ASTM D4318, 2005- Standard Test method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of soils, American Society for Testing and Materials.
9
ATC, 1978- Tentative provisions for the development of seismic regulations for buildings, ATC 3-06, Applied Technology Council, Palo Alto, California.
10
Berberian, M., 1994- Natural hazards and the first earthquake catalogue of Iran. Volume 1: Historical hazards in Iran prior to 1900. Int. Inst. Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, 603pp.
11
BSSC, 2000- NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) Recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings (and Other Structures from 1997), Building Seismic Safety Council, Washington, DC.
12
CEN, 2004- BS EN 1998 -1: 2004: Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization, ISBN: 0580458725.
13
Connecticut department of transportation, 2005- Geotechnical engineering manual, Connecticut department of transportation geotechnical engineering manual.
14
Funning, G. J., Parsons, B., Wright, T. J., Jackson, J. A. & Fielding, E. J., 2005- Surface displacements and source parameters of the 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake from Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 110 (B9), B09406, doi:10.1029/2004JB003338
15
Hardage, B. A., 2000- Vertical Seismic Profiling, 14 A, Geophysical Press, Amsterdam.
16
Hashemi Tabatabaei, S., Salamat, A. S., Ghalandasrzadeh, A., Riahi, M. A., Beitollahi, A. & Talebian, M., 2009- Preparation of engineering geological maps of bam city using geophysical and geotechnical approach, Journal of earthquake engineering (Under press).
17
Hawkins, L. V., 1961- the reciprocal method of routine shallow seismic refraction investigations: Geophysics, 26, 806-819.
18
ICBO, 1997- UBC (Uniform Building Code), International Conference of Building Officials.
19
ICC, 2006- IBC (International Building Code), International Code Council, Falls church.
20
Jackson, J., Bouchon, M., Fielding, E., Funning, G., Ghorashi, M., Hatzfeld, D., Nazari, H., Parsons, B., Priestley, K., Talebian, M., Tatar, M., Walker, R. & Wright, T., 2006- Seismotectonic, rupture process and earthquake hazard aspects of the 26 December 2003 Bam earthquake, Geophys. J. Int.., 166, 1270-1292.
21
Japan Road Association, 2002- Specification of Highway Bridge, Part V Seismic Design, P. 28.
22
Talebian, M., Fielding, E. J., Funning, G. J., Ghorashi, M., Jackson, J., Nazari, H., Parsons, B., Priestley, K., Rosen, P. A., Walker, R., Wright, T. J., 2004- The 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake: Rupture of a blind strike-slip fault, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31 (11), L11611, doi:10.1029/2004GL020058.
23
TC4- ISSMGE- 1999- Manual for zonation on seismic geotechnical hazard, Revised edition, Technical Committee for earthquake geotechnical engineering (TC4) of the International Society of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering (ISSMGE), 209 p.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Palaeobathymetry of the Ziarat-Kola Section at the Upper Maastrichtian, Central Alborz, through Planktonic and Benthic Foraminifera
At this research are studied late cretaceous sediments at Ziarat-kola section, Central Alborz, in order to Palaeobathymetry and sea level change. These sediments are with about 200m thickness consist of monotonous Marl and limy marl. Based on Planktonic foraminifera gain Upper Maastrichtian stage (Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone). In order toPalaeobathymetry and sea level change used to three methods common consisting of morphotype Planktonic foraminifera, ratio Planktonic foraminifera to benthic foraminifera and assigning genus and benthic foraminifera species. With morphotype analysis was indicated that third morphotype which are more deep index increase at the initial part and first morphotype that are shallow index increasing at middle section. In this manner, depth change was examinated to use two genus, Globotruncana (deep dweller) and Pseudoguembelina (Mixed layer dweller). In orther to assign paleodepth at this area used to Planktonic foraminifera to total foraminifera minus infaunal Benthic foraminifera and the regression equation [Depth = e (3. 58718 + (0. 03534 × %*p)].examination genus and Benthic foraminifera species depth index and such results gain at above method were indicating that this sediments in upper bathyal and middle bathyal. Thus, results indicate that beginning and end of are deeper from middle section.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54585_3035decb31d357c2438104db30f7c152.pdf
2011-02-20
27
34
10.22071/gsj.2010.54585
Palaeobathymetry
Ziarat-kola section
Central Alborz
Late maastrichtian
Foraminifera
Sea level change
M.
Asgharian Rostami
masood.rostami@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Ghasemi-Nejad
eghaseminejad@khayam.ut.ac.ir
2
School of Geology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Shafiee Ardestani
shafieescientist@gmail.com
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Abramovich, S., Keller, G., Stuben, D., Berner, Z., 2003- Characterization of late Campanian and maastrichtian planktic forminiferal depth habitats and vital activities based on stable isotopes. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 202:1-29.
2
Alegret, L. and Thomas, E., 2001- Upper Cretaceous and lower Paleogene benthic foraminifera from northeastern Mexico. Micropaleontology, 47:269–316.
3
Alegret, L., Molina, E., Thomas, E., 2003- Benthic foraminiferal turnover across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary at Agost (southeastern Spain): paleoenvironmental inferences. Marine Micropaleontology 48: 251-279.
4
Bé, A. W. H., 1977- An ecological, zoogeographic and taxonomic review of recent planktonic foraminifera. In Ramsey, A. T. S., (Ed.), Oceanic Micropaleontol. , 19:150–192.
5
Berggren, W. A & Aubert, J., 1975- Paleocene benthonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology of Atlantic-Tethyan regions: Midway-type fauna; Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 18: 73-192.
6
Bolli, H. M. , Beckmann, J. P. and Saunders, J. B. , 1994- Benthic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the South Caribbean Region: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press).
7
Caron, M., 1985- Cretaceous planktic foraminifera. In Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 17–86.
8
Cushman, J.A., 1930- The foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part VII. Nonionidae, Camerinidae, Peneroplidae and Alveolinellidae. Bull—U.S. Nat. Mus., 104:1–79.
9
Douglas, R. G. and Savin, S. M., 1973- Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of Cretaceous and Tertiary foraminifer from central north Pacific. In Winterer, E. L., Ewing, J. I., et. al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 17: Washington (U. S. Govt. Print. Office), 591–606.
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Eicher, D. L. & Worstell, P., 1970- Cenomanian & Turonian, foraminifera from the Great Plains, United States. Micropaleontology, 16, 296-324.
11
Eicher, D. L., 1969- Cenomanian & Turonian planktonic foraminifera from the Western Interior of the United States. In: Bronni- Mann, P., Renz, H. H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, vol. 2. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 163-174.
12
Grimsdale, T. F. and Van Morkhoven, F. P. C. M., 1955- The ratio between pelagic & benthonic foraminifera as a means of estimating depth of deposition of sedimentary rocks. Proc. World Pet. Cong., 4th, Rome. Sect. l/D4, pp. 473-491.
13
Hart, M. B., 1980 a- the recognition of Mid-cretaceous sea level changes by means of foraminifera. Cretaceous Research, I, 289-297.
14
Hart, M. B., 1980 b- A water depth model for the evolution of the planktonic Foraminiferida. Nature (London, U. K.), 286:252–254.
15
Hart, M. B. and Carter, D. J., 1975- Some observation on the Cretaceous Foraminifera of south-east England. J. Foramin. Res., 5:114-126, figs. 1-10 Washington.
16
Hemmati-Nasab, M., Ghasemi-Nejad, E. Darvish-Zad, B., 2008- Palaeobathymetry of the Gurpi Formation Based on Planktonic and Benthic Foraminifera. 34:157-173.
17
Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., Soeding, E., 2001-Atlantic paleobathymetry, paleoproductivity and paleocirculation in the late Albian: the benthic foraminiferal record. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 170: 171-196.
18
Jorissen, F. J., Fontanier, C. & Thomas, E., 2007- Paleoceanographical proxies based on deep-sea benthic foraminiferal assemblage characteristics. In: Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography (Pt. 2): Biological tracers & biomarkers, edited by C. Hillaire-Marcel and A. de Vernal, Elsevier, 843 pp.
19
Keller, G., 1999- The Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass extinction in planktonic foraminifera: Biotic constrains for catastrophe theories, in: Macleod, N., & G. Keller, Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extions: Biotic & environmental changes. 49-83
20
Li, L., Keller, G., 1998c- Diversitification and extinction in Campanian-Maastrichtian planktic foraminifera of northwestern Tunisia. Eclogea Geol. Helv. 91, 75-102.
21
Loeblich, A. R., JR. & Tappan, H., 1950- Foraminifera from the type Kiowa Shale, Lower Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas, Univ., Pal. Contr., no. 6 (Protozoa art. 3), pp. 1-1 5, pls. 1-2 Nederbragt, A. J., 1991. Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy and development of Heterohelicidae planktic foraminifera. Micropaleontology, 37:329–372.
22
Nederbragt, A.J., 1991- Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy and development of Heterohelicidae planktic foraminifera. Micropaleontology, 37:329–372.
23
Petrizzo, M. R., 2001- Late Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera from the Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Leg 183): new data to improve the Southern Oceans biozonation. Cretaceous Res., 22:829–855.
24
Phleger, F. B., 1951- Foraminiferal distribution, pt. l, Ecology of foraminifera, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. , 46: 1-88.
25
Robaszynski, F. and Caron, M., 1995- Foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé: commentaire de la zonation Europe-Méditerranée. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 166:681–692.
26
Robaszynski, F., Caron, M., Gonzales-Donoso, J. M., 1984- Wonders, A. A. H. and the European Working Group on Planktonic Foraminifera, Atlas of Late Cretaceous globotruncanids. Rev. Micropaleontol., 26:145–305.
27
Sliter, W. V. and Baker, R. A., 1972- Cretaceous bathymetric distribution of benthic foraminifera. J.Foraminiferal Res., 2:167–183.
28
Tappan, H., 1940- Foraminifera from Then Grayson Formation of northern Texas. Journal of Paleontology, v. 17, p. 93-126
29
Tappan, H., 1943- Foraminifera from the duck Creek Formation of Oklahoma & Texas. Journal of Paleontology, v. 17, p. 93-126
30
Van der Zwaan, G. J., Duijnstee I. A. P., Den Dulk M., Ernst S. R. & Kouwenhoven, N. T., 1999- Benthic foraminifers: proxies or problems? A review of paleoecological concepts; Earth Sciences Reviews 46, 213-236.
31
Widmark, J. G. V., 1997- Deep-sea benthic foraminifera from Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary strata in the South Atlantic Ocean: taxonomy and paleoecology. Fossils& Strata, 43:1–94.
32
Widmark, J. G. V. and Speijer, R. P., 1997- Benthic Foraminiferal Faunas and Trophic Regimes at the Terminal Cretaceous Tethyan Seafloor. PALAIOS, 12: 354-371.
33
Wonders, A. A., 1980- Middle & late Cretaceous planktonic Foraminifera of the western Mediterranean area. Utrecht Micropaleontology Bulletin, 24, 1-15
34
Wright, R. G., 1977- Planktonic-benthonic ratio in Foraminifera as paleobathymetric tool: quantitative evaluation. Annu. AAPG and Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Conv., Washington, D. C., 65.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Folding History in Laibid Metamorphic Rocks, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone
Laibid (northwest Esfahan) metamorphic rocks are situated in complexly deformed sub zone of the Sanandaj-sirjan zone, in which bounding faults emplaced Permian metamorphosed, beside the younger Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks. Structural study of these units reveals three deformation stages of a progressive deformation in this area. The first stage includes tight to isoclinal folds, the second stage includes open to close folds and the third one includes gentle to open folds. From the first to the third stage, fold's wavelength gradually become longer, so that their aspect ratio change respectively from tall and short, for the first stage, to broad, for the second stage, and to wide, for the third one. Superposition of these fold generations caused in coaxial interference patterns. It seems that during Late Jurassic, these three folding stages consequently formed and passively rotated in a continuous deformation condition, by gradually decreasing deformation depth. Dikes alternatively injected into the extensional fractures and through the axial plane foliation and gradually deformed in to the fold, boudin, folded boudin, and boudined fold.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54586_35e40c0c510061ea1718764e13561343.pdf
2011-02-20
35
46
10.22071/gsj.2010.54586
Laibid
Metamorphic rocks
Poly-folding
Structural history
Progressive Deformation
Sanandaj-Sirjan zone
M.
Aflaki
aflaki@iasbs.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mohajjel
mohajjel@tmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
تیله، ا.، علوی، م.، عاصفی، ر.، هوشمندزاده، ش.، زاهدی، م.، 1333- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:250000 چهارگوش گلپایگان، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور .
2
محجل، م.، ایزدیکیان، ل.، 1387- چینخوردگیهای چند مرحلهای و سازوکار تشکیل آنها در تکتونیتهای موجود در ساختار گنبدی منطقه آلمابولاغ (باختر همدان)، فصل نامه علومزمین، شماره 66، ص. 116-133.
3
محجل، م.، سهندی، م.ر.، 1378- تکامل تکتونیکی پهنه سنندج- سیرجان در نیمه شمال باختری و معرفی زیر پهنههای جدید در آن، فصل نامه علومزمین، شماره 31-32، ص. 28-49.
4
موسوی، ا.، سهندی، م. ر.، نواجری، ش.، 1384- نقشه زمینشناسی برگه 1:100000 کوه دهق، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
5
References
6
Mohajjel, M. & Fergusson, C. L., 2000- Dextral transpression in late Cretaceoue continental collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Structural geology, 22: 1125-1139.
7
Mohajjel, M., 1997- Structural and tectonic evolution of Paleozoic Mesozoic rocks, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, western Iran, Ph.D thesis, university of Wollongton, Wollongton, Australia.
8
Mohajjel, M., Baharifar, A., Moinevaziri, H. & Nozaem, R., 2006- Deformation history, micro-structure and P-T-t path in ALS-bearing schists, southeast Hamadan, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. Journal of Geological Society of Iran, 1: 11-19.
9
Price, N. G. & Cosgrove, J. W., 1994- Analysis of geological structures, 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, 502p.
10
Ramsay, J. G. & Huber, M. I., 1987- The tecniques of modern structural geology, Volume 1 Strain analysis, 4th edition. Academic Press, London, 700p.
11
Thiele, O., Alavi, M., Assefi, R., Hushmand-Zadeh, A., Seyed-Emami, K. & Zahedi, M., 1967- explanatory text of the Golpayegan Quadrangle Map, Geological Survey of Iran, Rept.No.E7, 24p.
12
Twiss, R. J. & Moores E. M., 1992- Structural Geology, 1st edition. W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 532p.
13
Twiss, R. J., 1988- Description and classification of folds in single surfaces. Journal of Structural geology, 10: 607-623.
14
Vernon, R. H., Johnson, S. E. & Melis, E. A., 2004- Emplacement-related microstructures in the margin of a deformed pluton: the San José tonalite, Baja California, México. Journal of Structural Geology, 26: 1867-1884.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geotectonic Investigation of Early Paleozoic Magmatism inUrumieh- Dokhtar Zone (South of Kashan)
In south of Kashan, early Paleozoic volcanic rocks are a part of Ghohrudmountains. In Iran structural- sedimentary division, these volcanic rocks located inUrumieh- Dokhtar zone. These volcanic rocks are basic to semibasic and mostly involved basalt. Geochemical investigations of these rocks show the alkaline nature and the intra-continental rift geotectonic setting in their formation time. The Isfahan fault is a north-trending fault across the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. This fault is one of the old and basement fault that was active in the early Paleozoic. The unique present of Silurian volcanic rocks in this area can refer to the activation of the north part of this fault that was created by extension phases after Caledonian orogeny.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54588_f401f20c064d0a939903d322ccdea9ea.pdf
2011-02-20
47
52
10.22071/gsj.2010.54588
Geotectonic
Magmatism
Silurian
Urumieh- Dokhtar
Kashan
S. M.
Tabatabaeimanesh
tabataba@sci.ui.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Safaei
safaei@sci.ui.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
A. S.
Mirlohi
3
Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
2
آیتی، ف.، 1383- مطالعه پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی ولکانیسم پالئوزوییک زیرین (سیلورین) در دره ابیانه، پایان نامه دوره کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان، 145 صفحه.
3
خلعتبری جعفری، م. و علائی مهابادی، س.، 1377- نقشه زمینشناسی 100000/1، برگه نطنز، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
4
درخشی، م.، 1385- موقعیت چینهشناسی، ژئوشیمی و پتروژنز سنگهای آذرین بازیک پالئوزوییک زیرین ناحیه شیرگشت، شمال غرب طبس، مجموعه مقالات دهمین همایش زمینشناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، صفحه 100.
5
صفایی، ه.، 1384- شناسایی و بررسی توان لرزهای گسلهای اطراف اصفهان، گزارش پایانی طرح پژوهشی، دانشگاه اصفهان.
6
ناجی، آ. و قاسمی، ح.، 1384- پتروژنز سنگهاى آذرینپالئوزوییک زیرین- میانی بخشهایی از ایران مرکزی، هشتمین همایش سالانهانجمن زمینشناسی ایران.
7
References
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Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D. & Pankhurst, R., 1979- The interpretation of igneous rocks, London, George Allen and Unwin, 450 p.
9
Ghasemi, A. & Talbot C. J., 2006- A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran), Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 26: 683–693.
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Jenny, J., 1977a- Geologie et stratigraphie de ĹElbourz oriental, enter Aliabad et Shahrud, Iran NE. These Univ. Geneve, 238 p.
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Meschede, M., 1986- A method of discriminating between different types of mid – ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram, Chemical Geology, 56: 207-218.
12
Pearce, J. A. & Cann, J. R., 1971- Ophiolite origin investigated by discriminate analysis using Ti, Zr and Y, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 12: 339-349.
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Pearce, J. A. & Cann, J. R., 1973- Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19: 290-300.
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Safaei, H., 2009- The continuation of the Kazerun fault system across the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (Iran), Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 35: 391-400.
15
Winchester, J. A. & Floyd, P. A., 1977- Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements, Chemical geology, 20: 249-284.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Founds in Biostratigraphy of Ilam Formation at Kuhe Assaluyeh. (Zagros Province)
In order to study Biostratigraphy of Cenomanian – Late Campanian deposits (upper part of Sarvak Fm.,Ilam Fm. and lower part of Gurpi Fm.), kuhe Assaluyeh stratigraphic section selected. Sediments of this interval consist of limestone, argillaceous limestone and marl with thickness of 162 m. In this section Ilam Fm. in age of Santonian overlies Sarvak Fm. disconformably and is underlain by Gurpi Fm. conformably. By micropaleontological study on 55 thin sections, 5 genus and 9 species of planktonic and 16 genus and 13 species of benthic foraminifers were identified. Among distinguished foraminifers, Rotaliidae family forms were studied carefully and revised. It should be mentioned that, 5 genus and 6 species of benthic foraminifers (Rotaliid forms) were recognized in Iran for the first time (in Assaluyeh section) which consist of: Rotorbinella mesogeensis,Rotorbinella campaniola,Iberorotalia reicheli,Calcarinella schaubi, Pararotalia tuberculifera and Pyrenerotalia longifolia. Santonian age was determined for Ilam Fm. by identified foraminifers. In studied section, stratigraphy development of benthic foraminifers was compared by Martinez Biozones Martinez (2007). This biozones were presented on the base of Rotaliid forms for Pyrenees area in Spain. By this comparison, four biostratigraphy zones for upper part of Sarvak and Ilam Fm. are suggested.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54592_34611ccd1cc43678c3c261ad14f503e0.pdf
2011-02-20
53
60
10.22071/gsj.2010.54592
Ilam Formation
Biostratigraphy
Rotaliid forms
Disconformity
Kh.
Khosrotehrani
1
Islamic Azad University (IAU), Science and Research Campus , Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
D.
Baghbani
2
Exploration Management of N.I.O.C., Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Keshani
3
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Omrani
m_amravani@yahoo.com
4
Islamic Azad University (IAU), Science and Research Campus , Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
References
1
Adams, T. D., Khalili, M. & Khosravi Said, A., 1967- Stratigraphic Significance of some oligosteginid assemblages from Lurestan Province, north west Iran.
2
Adams, T. D., 1964 - A guide to the study of cretaceous (Albian- Masstrichtian) planktonic forminifera in thin section, N.I.O.C, Report No. 1080.
3
Berthou, P. Y., 1983- Updated Stratigraphic distribution of the main Benthic Foraminifera ftom the middle and Upper Cretaceous of the western Portuguese basin. Bentho, s 83, Second International Symposium on Benthic Foraminifera (Pau, 1983), pp. 45-54.
4
Caron, M., 1985- Cretaceous Planktic Foraminiferal, In, H.M. Bollii, J.B. Saunder and K.perch- Nielsen (eds) Plankton Strargrapgy. Cambtidhe university press.
5
Martinez, C. B., 2007- Foraminiferos Rotalidos Del Cretacico Superior De la Cuenca Pirenaica. Barcelona, Department de Geologia Unitat de Paleontologia Tesis Doctoral.
6
Calonge, A., Cause, E., Bernaus, J. M. & Aguilar, M., 2002- Praealveolina (Foraminifera) species: a tool to date Cenomanian platform sediments.
7
Gräfe, K. U., 2005- Late Cretaceous benthic foraminifers from the Basque- Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain. Journal of Iberian Geology
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James, G. A. & Wynd, J. G., 1965- Stratigraphy nomenclature of the Iranian oil consortium agreement area, report No. 1027.
9
Kalantari, A., 1987- Lithostratigraphy and facies microscopy Zagros, Labrator Geology, Sample. 12, N.I.O.C.
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Khosrotehrani, Kh., Fonooni, B.,1737- New founds in Microbiostratigraphy of Sarvak Formation in Fars and Khoozestan areas, Scientific Quarterly Journal Geosciences, Vol. 3, No. 11.
11
Loeblich, A. R. J. and Tappan, H., 1988- Foraminiferal genera and their Classification, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.2, Volumes 97, Pls. 847. New York.
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Premoli. S. & verga, D., 2004 - Practical manual of Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera.
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Postuma, J. A., 1971- Manual of Planktonic Foraminiferal, Elsever, 420 p.
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Posobina, V. M. & Kseneva, T. G., 2005- Upper Cretaceous Zonal Stratigraphy of the West Siberian plain based on foraminifera. Cretaceous research.
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Parvanenejad Shirazi, M., 2001- Microstratigraphy of Cretaceous Sediments in Zagros area (interior Fars) trough Shiraz-Dehbid axial with special observation on Algae, Ph. D thesis, Shahid Beheshti University.
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Rose Petrizzo, M., 2000- Upper Turonian-Lower Campanian Planktonic Foraminifera from Southern mid- high latitudes (Exmouth Plateau, NW Australia): biostratigraphy and taxonomic notes. Cretaceous research.
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Sampo, M., 1969- Microfacies and mirofossils of the Zagros area South Western Iran (From Pre- Permian to Miocene).
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Sartorio, D. & Venturini, S., 1988- Southern Thethys biofacies, ayip, Stratigraphic department.
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Vaziri Mogaddam, H., 2002- Biosrtatigraphic Study of the Ilam and Gurpi Formations Based on Planktonic Foraminifera in SE of Shiraz, Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
20
Wynd, J. G., 1965- Biofacies of the Iranian oil Consortium agreement area. Report No. 1082.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Structural Style of High Zagros Zone Based on Thrust Fault System in Southeast Kermanshah
High Zagros zone in southeast Kermanshah is bordered between two Radiolarite and Zagros Fold Belt and consist of abundant NW-SE trending thrust faults and folds sub-parallel to Zagros fold belt. Several structural cross-sections were prepared in NE-SW direction perpendicular to the trend of the structures. Main thrusts were cut by some local strike-slip faults due to difference in their displacement. The Kohsefid thrust fault (FA) is one of the main thrusts that divide the northern Radiolarite zone from the High Zagros Zone. This fault is limiting the southern boundary of the Radiolarite zone. It displaced as a reverse fault during contraction tectonic in Late Cretaceous. The flysh facies of Amiran formation in Zagros Fold Belt with Paleocene age contain radiolarite fragments and confirms this event. It seems that the Garo Formation plays a detachment surface role for these thrusts in the High Zagros zone. The foreland in Zagros, commenced to deform by thrusting and folding in Late Cretaceous in the High Zagros zone and by later collision of the Arabian plate with the Iranian plate, rock units in the Zagros Fold Belt were deformed.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54598_5ec3e6c9b69c732325fc02adba22646e.pdf
2011-02-20
61
68
10.22071/gsj.2010.54598
High Zagros
Kohsefid fault
Kermanshah
Structural style
detachment
R.
Elyaszadeh
ramin403@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mohajjel
mohajjel@tmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1379- پهنههای رسوبی- ساختاری عمده ایران. تهران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
References
3
Sto¨cklin, J., 1968- Structural history and tectonics of Iran; a review. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 52, 1229–1258.
4
Yousefi, E., Friedberg, J. L., 1978- Aeromagnetic map of Iran, quadrangle. No.c6. Kermanshah.
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrogenesis of Southern Amlash Alkaline Rocks in the South Caspian Sea, North of Iran
South Amlash alkaline rocks, located in south of Caspian Sea, occur like small and discrete bodies within the Cretaceous igneous rock association which is a small part of Gorgan-Rasht tectonic zone. These rocks crop out as large-volume pillow lavas and homogeneous fine- to coarse- grained gabbros and are essentially composed of Clinopyroxene (augite), plagioclase and relatively abundant small apatite needles. Geochemical data clearly identifies an enrichment of LREE and positive anomalies of Nb and Ti suggesting an intra-plate ocean island (OIB) tectonic setting. Considering the LREE/HREE ratio and some of other incompatible element contents, it seems that the alkaline rocks are probably derived from a garnet lehrzolitic mantle.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54599_dba93a26db26011fe014871de08beec4.pdf
2011-02-20
69
78
10.22071/gsj.2010.54599
F.
Zaeimnia
1
Faculty of Geology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Kananian
kananian@khayam.ut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Geology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Salavaty
3
Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران. سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
2
افتخارنژاد، ج.، 1359- تفکیک بخشهای مختلف ایران از نظر وضع ساختمانی در ارتباط با حوزههای رسوبی، نشریه انجمن نفت، شماره 82.
3
برقی، ق.، 1384- بررسی پتروگرافی و ژئوشیمی ولکانیکهای شمال اردبیل، رساله دکتری، دانشکده زمین شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، 373 صفحه.
4
سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی، وزارت صنایع و معادن، 1382 - نقشه 1:100،000 جواهرده، بهار فیروزی، شفیعی، اژدری، کریمی و پیروز. شماره نقشه:6063. کارتوگرافی: حدادان
5
سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی، وزارت صنایع و معادن ، 1383- نقشه 1:100،000 لنگرود، رحمتی و موسوی . شماره نقشه:6064. کارتوگرافی: حدادان.
6
صلواتی، م.، ١٣٨٠- بررسی زمین شناسی و پتروژنز سنگهای ماگمایی منطقه جنوب املش، رساله کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران. دانشکده علوم، 159 صفحه.
7
صلواتی، م.، 1387- پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی مجموعه افیولیتی شرق گیلان، پایان نامه دکتری، دانشگاه اصفهان، 241 صفحه.
8
کنعانیان، ع.، صلواتی، م.، اسماعیلی، د.، آسیابانها، ع.، 1383- شیمی-کانیشناسی کلینوپیروکسن در سنگهای آذرین منطقه املش (شمال ایران).مجله علوم دانشگاه تهران، 2،صفحات 245-229.
9
درویشزاده، ع.، 1371- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات ندا، 901 صفحه.
10
مر، ف. و مدبری، س.، 1380- راهنمای کانیشناسی، مرکز نشر دانشگاهی، 420 صفحه.
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Thompson, M. G., Malpas, J. and Smith, I. E. M., 1997- The geochemistry of tholeiitic and alkalic plutonic suites within Northland ophiolite, northern New Zealand: magmatism in a back arc basin. Chem. Geol., 142, 213-239.
65
Upadhyay, D., Jahn-Awe, S., Pin, C., Paquette, J. L., Braun, I., 2006- Neoproterozoic alkaline magmatism at Sivamalai, southern India. Gondwana Research 10, 156-166.
66
Weaver, B. L., 1991- The origin of ocean island basalt end-member compositions: trace element and isotopic constraints. Erth and Planetary Science Letters. 104: 381-97.
67
Weaver, B. L., Wood, D. A., Tarney, J. and Joron, J. L., 1987- Geochemistry of oceanic island basalts from the South Atlantic: Ascension, Bouvet, St. Helena, Gough and Tristan da Cunha. Geological Society of London. 30: 253-267.
68
Wilson, G., 1989- A systematic revision of the deep-sea subfamily Lipomerinae of the isopod crustacean family Munnopsidae. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 27:1-138
69
Winchester, J. A., Floyd, P. A., 1977- Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 20, 325–342.
70
Xia, B., Chen, G., Wang, R., Wang, Q., 2008- Seamount volcanism associated with the Xigaze ophiolite, Southern Tibet. Jornal of Asian Earth Science.
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Yan, J., Zhao, J. X., 2008- Cenozoic alkali basalts from Jingpohu, NEChina: The role of lithosphere asthenosphere interaction. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 33, 106-121.
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Zhao, J. X., Shiraishi, K., Ellis, D. J., Sheraton, J. W., 1995- Geochemical and isotopic studies of syenites from the Yamato Mountains, east Antarctica: implications for the origin of syenite magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 1363–1382.
73
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrogenesis of Plio-Quaternary Post-Collisional Potassic and Ultra-Potassic Rocks in Northwest Marand
In this paper the study of Plio-Quaternary post-collisional magmatism in northwest of Iran and northwest of Marand is considered. The studied Potassic and ultrapotassic (UP) alkaline rocks were erupted at northern part of Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA). The studied rocks dispaly microlithic porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of clinopyroxene, leucite, and plagioclase ± biotite ± olivine. The UP volcanic rocks are mostly silica undersatuated with normative nephline, high Mg# and high K2O/Na2O ratios. They characterized with significant enrichment in LILEs and LREEs and depletion in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta and Ti. Exhibit high Ba/Nb (41-60) and Ba/Ta (682-1139) ratios, which are a typical feature of subduction. With considering end of subduction (upper cretaceouse) and stratigraphic age of studed rocks (plio-quaternary), we can say that these rocks has formed in post collisional environment and metasomatic mantle due to addition of volatiles and incompatible elements lead to enrichment of these magmas. And in fact we can say that the subduction properties of these rocks inherited from an ancient subduction. On the otherhand, high contents of LILE such as Th and Ba and Ba/Nb, Ba/Ta ratios indicate the involvement of crustal components in genesis of these rocks by addition of crustal components to source and contamination through ascent of magma. Rare earth elements modeling indicate that they can be generated from low degree partial melting of lithospheric mantle with garnet-spinel peridotite source.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54602_be0094eb0863154ef74db386594b4c6a.pdf
2011-02-20
79
86
10.22071/gsj.2010.54602
Ultrapotassic
Leucite
Subduction
Metasomatism
Marand
G.
Ahmadzadeh
gholamrezaahmadzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Hydrology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Jahangiri
a_jahangiri@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Natural Science Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mojtahedi
3
Department of Geology, Natural Science Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
D.
Lentz
dlentz@unb.ca
4
Department of Geology, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
احمدزاده، غ.، 1381- بررسی پتروگرافی و پترولوژی ولکانیتهای شمال غرب مرند (شمال گله بان)، رساله کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تبریز.
2
مرادیان، ع.، 1379- مطالعه ژئوشیمی، ژئوکرونولوژی و سنگنگاری شبه جزیره اسلامی. فشرده مقالات چهارمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران.صفحه 613-616.
3
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9
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Homke, S., Verges, J., Garces, M., Emami, H. & Karpuz, R., 2004- Magnetostratigraphy of Miocene–Pliocene Zagros foreland deposits in the front of the Push–e Kush Arc (Lurestan Province, Iran). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 225, 397–410.
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Jahangiri, A., 2007- Post – Collisional Miocene adakitic volcanism in NW Iran: geochemical and geodynamic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 433-447.
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McCulloch, M. T. & Gamble, J. A., 1991- Geochemical and geodynamical constraints on subduction zone magmatism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 102, 358-374.
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McCulloch, M. T., 1993- The role of subducted slabs in an evolving Earth: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 115, 89-100.
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Moayyed, M., Moazzena, M., Calagari, A. A., Jahangiri, A. & Modjarrad, M., 2007- Geochemistry and petrogenesis of lamprophyric dykes and the associated rocks from Eslamy peninsula, NW Iran: Implications for deep-mantle metasomatism. Chemie der Erde, in press.
27
Molinaro, M., Leturmy, P., Guezou, J. C., Frizon de Lamotte, D., Eshraghi, S. A., 2005a- The structure and kinematics of the southeastern Zagros fold–thrust belt, Iran: from thin-skinned to thick-skinned tectonics. Tectonics 24. doi:10.1029/2004TC001633.
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Muller, D., Rock, N. M. S. & Groves, D. I., 1992- Geochemical discrimination between shoshonitic and potassic volcanic rocks from different tectonic setting: a pilot study. Mineralogy and Petrology 46, 259-289.
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34
Ricou, L. E., 1971- Le croissant ophiolitique péri-arabe, une ceinture de nappes mise en place au crétacé supérieur. Revue de géographie physique et de géologie dynamique 13, 327–350.
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Wilson, M., 1989- Igneous Petrogenesis, a Global Approach. Unwin Hyman London.
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of Fractures in the Asmari Reservoir of Marun Oil Field (Zagros)
Marun oil field is situated on the eastern part of Dezful Embayment zone (Zagros).Aghajari Formation is cropping out on the surface. Asmari formation, Bangestan and Khami Groups are the Main reservoirs in this field. Asmari formation with six reservoirs layers is the most important reservoir. Dolomitic carbonates are dominant lithology in the 1,2,3layers and so, fracture density is high, especially in the first layer(90% Dolomite).Increasing of shale and Marle Layers in the 4,5,6 layers caused to decreasing of brittle property and fracture density is low. According to this research, Marun Anticline is a fault (thrust) related fold with faulted Detachment Fold mechanism. Two major fractures system in the Marun oil field could be recognized which are regional fractures (with east-west trending) and local fractures (fold and bending related fractures). The main fractured sectors, Marun Anticline are being seen in the southern limb and the eastern part of northern limb by curvature investigation (by Differential and Graphical methods).The results of Isopermeability, RFT, PI maps are consistable with the results of fracture study in order to identification of fractured sectors in the Marun Anticline
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54608_ad127ad2c0b221748b624c028d1b8799.pdf
2011-02-20
87
96
10.22071/gsj.2010.54608
Asmari Formation
Marun Oil Field
fracture
Permeability
Detachment Fold
Structural Bending
Mehran
Arian
mehranarian@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, science and research branch, Islamic Azad university
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Mohammadian
2
Geology office of National Iranian Oil Company, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Barker, S. N. and Speers, R. G., 1978- Marun Asmari Reservoir high permeability system, OSCO Rep. No. 3401.
2
Colman Sadd, S. P., 1978- Fold development in Zagros simply folded belt, Southwest Iran. The American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, 62, 984–1003.
3
Eshghi, M., 1969- Photo linears, Asmari Fracture System and well productivity of Aghajari Area, IOOC, Rep. No.1152.
4
Intera petroleum Technologies, Ltd., 1992- Marun Field study.
5
Mc Clay, K. R., 2000- Structural geology for petroleum exploration, Royal Holloway university, London.
6
McCord, D. R., 1975- Asmari reservoir, Khuzestan province Iran, Fracture study of Asmari reservoir, OSCO.
7
McQuillan, H., 1973- Small Scale Fracture Density in Asmari Formation of Southwest Iran and its relation to bed thickness and Structural setting, Am., Assoc., Pet ., Geol., Bull., 57 ,2367-2385.
8
Mitra, S., 2002- Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bulletin, 86, 671–693.
9
Mitra, S., 2003- a unified kinematic model for the evolution of detachment folds: Journal of Structural Geology, 25, 1659–1673.
10
Nelson, R. A., 2001- Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs, Gulf publishing, Houston, Texas, 2nd ed., 332P.
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O’Brien, C. A. E .,1950- Tectonic problems of the oil field belt of southwest Iran Proceedings of 18th International of Geological Congress, Great Britain, 6, 45–58.
12
Poblet, J. and McClay, K., 1996- Geometry and Kinematics of Single-Layer Detachment Folds: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 80, 1085-1109.
13
Sangree, J. B., 1963-Correlation of Joint Spacing and Type Asmari Limestone Iran, LOE & PC Rep.,753p.
14
Sherkati, S. and Letouzey, J., 2004- Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran: Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21, 535-554.
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16
Statoil, 2003- Marun Asmari Full Field Study.
17
Stearns, D.W. and Friedman, M., 1972- Reservoirs in Fractured Rocks, Am., Assoc., Pet., Geol., Bull., 16, 82-106.
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Twerenbold, E. F., Raualx, S. J. and Van Os, B., 1962- Fracture pattern study of Kuh-e Bangestan and its bearing on oil Accumulation in Agreement area, IOOC, Rep.No.1029.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Metalogenic Properties of Barik-Ab Pb-Zn (Cu) Ore Deposit with Acidic Tuff Host-Rock, west Central Alborz, Northwest of Iran
Barik-Ab Pb-Zn (Cu) ore deposit located in 2 km for front Barik-Ab village in north of Abhar town, south eastern of Zanjan province. According to the geological classification of Iran , this area located in Taroum mountains and is a part of west Alborz range , Alborz-Azarbaidjan zone or west of central Alborz with the trend of NW – SE, located in Upper Cretaceous magmatic belt. In the Taroum Mountains, the main outcrops are volcanic and pyroclastic rocks which this sequence is comparable with Karaj Formation and divided into two members. The lower member is called Kordkand (2400 m) and the Upper member named Amand (1400 m).Amand member is divided to 6 submembers. Submembers are Ea1, Ea2, Ea3, Ea4, Ea5, and Ea6. Outcrops in the studied Area are Ea4, Ea5 and Ea6. Barik-Ab ore deposit occurred in Ea4 which is included andesite, rhyolite, breccia tuff, tuff and sandstone and tuffacouse mudstone rocks. Host rocks are rhyolitic, dacitic and rhyodacitic tuffs. Mineralization in Barik-Ab Pb-Zn(Cu( ore deposit divided in two stages: in the first stage mineralized hypogen ore minerals including sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite and, in second stage formed covelite , malachite , azurite hematite, goethite and limonite by enrichment processes. According to the increase of Cd and decrease of Zn/Cd in the sphalerite and galena and up value of Ag and Sb and decrease of Se/S*10-4 in the galena and the correlate with other Pb-Zn mineralization types, Barik-Ab Pb-Zn(Cu) ore deposit formed by influence of medium temperature? Hydrothermal fluids into tuff host rocks after the Eocene and mineralization occurred with veinlets and vein formed in the joints, fracture and faults with Silicification alteration in host rock.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54611_f988f5da3279a579d277d9f379091031.pdf
2011-02-20
97
104
10.22071/gsj.2010.54611
Pb-Zn (Cu)
Barik-Ab Ore Deposit
Tuff
Taroum Mountains
Zanjan
Iran
K.
Bazargani-Guilani
1
Department of Geology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Parchekani
parchekani@khayam.ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
احمدیان، ج.، 1370- بررسی ژئوشیمیایی زونهای آلتراسیون هیدروترمال با نگرشی بر کانیسازیهای انجام شده در منطقه ذاکر، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تبریز.
2
پیروان، ح.، 1371- بررسی پتروگرافی و پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی سنگهای آذرین درونی شمال ابهر و ارتباط پلوتونیسم منطقه با کانیسازیهای انجام شده، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیتمعلم تهران.
3
حاج علیلو، ب.، 1382- بررسی خصوصیات متالوژنیکی زون ساختاری البرز غربی و معرفی آثار کانیسازی طلا در دگرسانیهای گرمابی این مناطق، بیست و دومین همایش سازمان زمینشناسی.
4
مؤید، م.، 1370- بررسی پتروگرافی و پتروشیمی سنگهای نوار ولکانوپلوتونیک منطقه طارم در ارتباط با ژنز مس، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تبریز.
5
نبوی، م. ه.، 1355- دیباچه ای بر زمین شناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی ایران، 110 ص.
6
یزدی، ع.، 1381- بررسی پترولوژی سنگهای آتشفشانی ائوسن منطقه چال - قلعه - بادامستان ( طارم علیا استان زنجان)، رساله کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
7
References
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Allen, M. B., Ghassemi, M. R., Shahrabi, M. & Qorashi M., 2003- Accommodation of Late Cenozoic oblique shortening in the Alborz range, northern Iran. Stru. Geo. 25, pp. 659-675.
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Amcoff, O., 1984- Distribution of Silver in Massive Sulfide ores. Mineralium Deposita. 19, pp. 63-69.
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Bazargani-Guilani, K. & Rabbani, M. S., 2004- Mineralogy, chemistry and genesis of bentonite of the Eocene sediments at Aftar region, west Semnan. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 12, pp. 169-189.
11
Bazargani-Guilani, K., Parchekani, M. & Nekouvaght Tak, M. A., 2008- Mineralization in the Taroum mountains, View to Barik-Ab Pb-Zn (Cu) deposit, Western Central Alborz, Iran. WSEAS conferences, Cambridge, London, 1, pp. 55-63.
12
Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D. & Pankhurst, R. J., 1979- The Interpretation at Igneous rocks, London: George Allen & Unwin.
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Guest, B., Guest, A. & Axen, G., 2007- The Tertiary tectonic evolution of northern Iran: A case for simple crustal folding. J. Glo. Plan. Chan. 58, pp. 435-453.
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Hirayama, K., Samimi, M., Zahedi, M. & Hushmand-Zadeh, A., 1966- Geology of Taroum district, western part (Zanjan area north-west Iran). Geological Survey of Iran, Report 8.
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Irvine, T. N. & Barger, W. R. A., 1971- A Guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic Rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Science. 8, pp. 523-548.
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Le Bas, M. J., Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A. & Zanettin, B., 1986- A chemical classification of Volcanic Rocks based on the total Alkali-Silica diagram. Petro. 27, pp. 745-750.
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Peacock, M. A., 1931- Classification of igneous rock series. J. Geo 39, pp. 54-67.
18
Ramdohr, P., 1980- The ore minerals and their intergrowths, second Edition, International series in Earth Science, 1207p.
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Song, X., 1984- Minor elements and ore genesis of the Fankou Lead-Zinc deposit, China. Mineralium Deposita. 19, pp 95-104.
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Stöcklin, J. & Eftekhar-nezhad, J., 1969- Explanatory of the Zanjan quadrangle map 1:250000, Geological Survey of Iran.
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Uytenbogaardt, W., 1971- Table for microscopic identification of ore minerals. Elsevier scientific publishing . Co. New York, 431p.
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Winchester, J. A. & Floyd, P. A., 1977- Geochemical discrimination of different series and their differentiation products using immobile elements, J. Chem. Geo. 22, pp. 325-343.
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Xu, G., 1998- Geochemistry of sulfide minerals at the Lisheen Mine. Eco. Geo. 100, pp. 63-86
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Zanchi, A., Berra, F., Mattei, M., Ghassemi, M. R. & Sabouri, J., 2006- Inversion tectonics in Central Iran. Stru. Geo. 28, pp. 2023-2037.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Stress Heterogeneities Using b-value in Reservoir Induced Seismicity in the Masjed Soleyman Dam Area
(South West of Iran)
Masjed Soleyman reservoir is located in Zagros Mountain of western Iran, which is one of the most seismically active zones of the Alpe-Hymalaya belt. So, it seems to be necessary to carry out widespread studies, especially on the impact of this reservoir with 177 m height and 261 million m3 capacity on occurrence of induced seismicity in the surrounding region. The Gutenberg-Richter relation is one of the well-fitted empirical relations in seismology: it represents the frequency of occurrence of earthquakes as a function of magnitude: , where N is the cumulative number of earthquakes with magnitude larger than M and A and b are constants. In this paper we used b-value to study the heterogeneities in the crust beneath and around the Masjed Soleyman reservoir. In order to better understanding of the impact of this reservoir on seismic activity, a local seismic network of 5 seismological stations was installed in the area on June 2006. About 1924 Seismic events recorded during a period of 15 month were used in this study. We maped both surface and cross-section view of b-value in the region using the computer program ZMAP. The study area was divided into grids with spacing of 0.01o in latitude and longitude. A circle was drawn around each grid point and its radius was increased until it included N=50 earthquakes. The b-value was calculated by using a maximum likelihood method for the selected 50 earthquakes and the grid point was colored corresponding to the b-value. The results show high value of b-value due to reservoir induced earthquakes beneath the Masjed Soleyan lake. The most important factors known responsible for increased heterogeneity in this area, are reservoir loading and increased pore fluid pressure that cause occurrence of swarms and heterogeneous stresses in the area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54613_54cab4ddeff0b826c6617548b303660c.pdf
2011-02-20
105
110
10.22071/gsj.2010.54613
Induced Earthquake
Masjed Soleyman Dam
b-value
Pore Fluid Pressure
Seismicity
M. R.
Ebrahimi
1
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Tatar
mtatar@iiees.ac.ir
2
vice president for research/International Institute of earthquake Engineering and Seismology
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
ابراهیمی، م.، 1388- بررسی زمینلرزههای القایی در محدوده سد مسجد سلیمان، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد ژئوفیزیک-گرایش زلزلهشناسی، پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله
2
References
3
Gupta, H. K., Rastogi, B., K. and Narain, H., 1972- Common features of the reservoir associated seismic activities , B. Seismol.Soc.Am.,62 , 481- 492.
4
Gupta, H. K. and Rastogi, B. K., 1976- Dams and earthquakes, Elsevier, the Netherlands, 229pp.
5
Gutenberg, R., and Richter C. F., 1942- Frequency of earthquakes in California, B.Seismol.Soc.Am., 34, 831–851.
6
Hamilton, T. and McCloskey, J., 1997- Breakdown in power-law scaling in an analogue model of earthquake rupture and stick-slip, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24 , 465-468.
7
Mogi, K., 1962- Magnitude-frequency relation for elastic shocks accompanying fractures of various materials and some related problems in earthquakes, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ. 40, 831–853.
8
Pickering, G., Bull, J. M. and Sanderson, D. J., 1995- Sampling power-law distributions, Tectonophysics 248, 1–20.
9
Scholz ,C., H., 1968- The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes , B.Seismol.Soc.Am., 58 , 399-415.
10
Simpson, D. W., 1976- Seismicity changes associated with reservoir impounding, Eng.Geol.10 , 371-85.
11
Utsu, T., 1965- A method for determining the value of b in the formula logN=a-bM , showing the frequency-magnitude relation for earthquakes , Geophy.Bull. , Hokkaido uni.13, 99-103.
12
Warren, N. W. and Latham, G. V., 1970- An experimental study of thermally induced microfracturing and its relation to volcanic seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4455-4464.
13
Wiemer, S. and Beniot, J. P., 1996- Mapping the b-value anomaly at 100km depth in the Alaska and New Zealand Subduction Zones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23 , 1557-1560.
14
Wyss, M., 1973- Towards a physical understanding of the earthquake frequency distribution, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 31, 341–359.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Composition and Quality of Coals in the Lavij Coal Deposit,Central Alborz, Iran
Lavij coal deposit is situated at a distance of 48 km SW of Amol, in Central Alborz coalfield, North of Iran. Lavij coal-bearing strata in Central Alborz zone are within the Upper Triassic– Lower Jurassic formation. The coal-bearing sediments in this area are called Shemshak Formation (Upper Triassic –Lower Jurassic). This Formation consists mainly of sandstone, shale, calcareous sandstone, argillite and siltstone. Several coal seams with different thickness are interbeded with these sediments. The Shemshak Formation is underlain by the Upper Middle Triassic (thick bedded to massive dolomitic limestone) oolitic limestone (Elika Formation). It is also overlain in western section by the Upper Permian cherty limestone (Nesen Formation). The present paper deals with maceral, mineral and geochemical composition of these coals. Petrographical studies showed that the main macerals of these coals are vitrinite to semivitrinite, fusinite and exinite. The minerals of these coals are mainly clays like argillite, carbonates like calcite and sulphides like pyrite.
Seven samples were analyzed from ash of coal seam in the Lavij area. The samples were analyzed by XRF and ICP-OES for major and minor elements. The data processing showed K, Si, Al, Ti indicating presence of quartz and clay minerals, Fe, As, Mo, Se, Pb indicating presence of sulphides like pyrite, Ca and Mg indicating the presence of carbonates and Rb, Cr, Th, Ga, Ta, Nb, V indicating presence of clay minerals. The coal contained in low ash (17%) and low moisture (1.4%) and high volatile matter (32%) as compared to other coals in central Alborz.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54614_aea1c82ac1fa5797f2513ba2f70f3622.pdf
2011-02-20
111
116
10.22071/gsj.2010.54614
Maceral
Mineral
Geochemical Composition
Lavij Coals
Central Alborz
P.
Navi
1
Manager of Quality Assurance, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Yazdi
m-yazdi@sbu.ac.ir
2
Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Esmailpur
3
Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Khakzad
khakzad@yahoo.com
4
Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، س. ع. ، 1385- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی
2
اسماعیل پور، ر.، 1387- ژئوشیمی زغالسنگهای لاویج و اثرات زیست محیطی آن، رساله کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، 160 ص.
3
اسماعیل نیا، ع. و یزدی، م.، 1382- ترکیب ژئوشیمیایی خاکستر زغالسنگهای حوضه زغالی البرز، فصلنامه زمینشناسی ایران، جهاد دانشگاهی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، شماره2، ص61-75.
4
سعیدی، ع.، قاسمی، م. ،1380- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 آمل، سازمان زمینشناسی
5
معین السادات، س. ح. و رضوی ارمغانی، م. ب.، 1372- زمینشناسی ایران - زغالسنگ، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، 286ص.
6
نقشه توپوگرافی 1:250000 آمل، سازمان جغرافیایی ارتش.
7
وحدتی، ف.، 1378- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 بلده، سازمان زمینشناسی
8
یزدی، م.، 1382- زغالسنگ (از منشأ تا اثرات زیست محیطی)، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی صنعتی امیرکبیر، 263 ص، چاپ اول.
9
یزدی، م.، اسماعیل پور، ر.، ناوی، پ.، و خاکزاد، ا.، 1387- اثرات زیست محیطی معدن زغالسنگ لاویج البرز مرکزی، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم محیطی، سال 6، شماره 1، زیر چاپ.
10
References
11
Bouska, V., 1981- Geochemistry of Coal, Academia, Prague, pp.128-141.
12
Dai, S. F. & Ren, D. Y., 2006- Fluorine concentration of coals in China, an estimation considering coal reserves, Fuel 85, pp. 929–935.
13
Goodarzi, F., Sanei, H., Stasiuk, L. D., Bagheri.– Sadeghi, H., & Reyes, J., 2006- A Preliminary Study of mineralogy and geochemistry of four coal sampel from northern Iran, International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 65, 35-50pp.
14
Liu, G. J., Yang, P. Y., Peng, Z. C., Wang, G. L. & Zhang, W., 2003- Comparative study of the quality of some coals from the Zibo coalfield, Energy 28, pp. 969–978.
15
Liu, G. J., Zheng, L. F., Gao, H. Y., Zhang, W. & Peng, Z. C., 2005- The characterization of coal quality from the Jining coalfield, Energy 30, pp. 1903–1914.
16
Rassk, E., 1985- The mode of occurrence and concentration of trace elements in coal. Proc. Energy Combustion Sci. 11, 97 – 118.
17
Spear, D. A. & Zheng, Y., 1999- Geochemistry and origin of elements in som UK coals, International Journal of coal geology, Vol.38, pp. 161-179.
18
Stanislav, V. V., Kunihiro, K. & Christina, G.V., 1997- Relations between ash yield and chemical and mineral composition of coals, Fuel 76, pp. 3–8.
19
Stasiuk, L. D. , Goodarzi, F. & Bagheri-Sadeghi, H., 2006- Petrology,rank and evidence for petroleum generation , Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic coal , Central Alborz Region , Northern Iran , J. , Coal Geol. 67 ,249-258.
20
Swaine, D. J., 1990- Trace Elements in Coal. Butterworth, London, 278pp.
21
Yazdi, M. & Esmailnia, A., 2004- Geochemical properties of coal in the Lushan coalfield of Iran, International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 60, pp. 73-79.
22
Zheng, L. G., Liu, G. J., Chou, C. L., Gao, L. F. & Peng, Z. C., 2006- Arsenic in Chinese coals: Its abundance, distribution, modes of occurrence, enrichment processes, and environmental significance, Acta Geoscientia Sinica 27 (4), pp. 355–366.
23
Zheng, L. G., Liu, G. J. & Chou, C. L., 2007- The distribution, occurrence and environmental effect of mercury in Chinese coals, Science of the Total Environment 384, pp. 374–383.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Carboniferous Conodonts Biostratigraghy in Kiyasar Region and Introduction 7 Biozones Comparable to World Standard Conodont Zonation
The studied section (Kiyasar)is situated in Central Alborz,75 Km. southeast of Sari. The thickness of Carboniferous sequences (Mobarak Formation) is 385 meter and consists of thin-bedded limestone at the base and various thickness of limestone (mostly with medium thickness) with intercalations of shales at the top. Because of lithological similarity and the lack of index microfossils in the uppermost of Devonian and lowermost of Carboniferous, deposits, determination of this boundary was impossible in the field and the approximate boundary has been identified after study of lab by conodont elements. Apparently, this boundary is conformable and continual that the rocks at the bottom of its attributed to Khoshyeilagh Formation. This boundary is located in the interval of samples 4.1(late Devonian) and 4.3(lower Carboniferous) which the distance between them is 4m.(thin to medium-bedded limestones).The limit of boundary is distinct with extinction of Genera and Species for example Icriodus costatus, Pelekysgnathus sp. and Polygnathus semicostatus in the late of Devonian(sample4.1)and appearance of species for example Polygnathus spicatus, Spa. crassidentathus, Po. thomasi and Cly. gilwernensis in early Carboniferous (sample4.3). in summery, limestone rocks in alternation with shale of upper Famenian is attributed to lower-middle costatus zone form lower part of Carboniferous rocks in the region. The top of Mobarak Formation is overlaid by alternations of sandstone, shales and limestone (in the middle part), belong of Dorud Formation (lower Permian) with a disconformity. Carboniferous conodonts (20 Genus, 36 Species, 7 Subspecies are reported from Mobarak Fm.,Kiyasar region, for the first time as well as the distinguished following 7 conodont zones: 1) sulcata zone 2) duplicata zone 3) sandbergi-L. crenulata zone 4) typicus zone 5) anchoralis-latus zone 6) texanus- A. scalenus zone 7) Gn. bilineatus zone. According to conodont data Carboniferous sequences in Kiyasar section were deposited from lower Tournaisian to upper Visean time interval.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54621_367d07e90801a87a41a437d1a10921db.pdf
2011-02-20
117
122
10.22071/gsj.2010.54621
Kiyasar
Lower Carboniferous
Alborz
Lower Tournaisian
Upper Visean
Mobarak Formation
Conodont Elements
A.
Fallah
fallah.abbas1980@yahoo.com
1
Research Institute for Earth Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Hamdi
hbahaedin@yahoo.com
2
Research Institute for Earth Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Mosaddegh
mosaddegh@du.ac.ir
3
School of Earth Science, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، س.ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
2
احمدزاده هروی، م.، حمدی، ب.، محتاط، م.، 1374- زمینشناسی ایران، روزنداران پلانکتون ناحیه مکران و مجموعهای از کنودونتهای ایران، معاونت طرح و برنامه تدوین کتاب، وزارت صنایع و معادن، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، 253 صفحه.
3
اطلس راههای ایران، 1380- موسسه جغرافیایی، کارتوگرافی و گیتاشناسی.
4
خواجه وند، ش.، 1385- بیواستراتیگرافی رسوبات پالئوزوییک پسین- تریاس پیشین در برش روته با نگرشی ویژه بر کنودونتهای ایران، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال.
5
رضایی، ا.، 1376- مطالعه سیستماتیک کنودونتهای کربنیفر زیرین در ناحیه البرز و ناحیه کلمرد در طبس، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی.
6
عاشوری، ع. ر.، 1380- اطلس کنودونتهای ایران (شرق و شمال شرق)، انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، شماره 306.
7
فرشید، ا.، 1383- بیواستراتیگرافی سازند مبارک در برش آبناک واقع در شمال تهران با نگرشی ویژه بر کنودونتهای آن، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی.
8
9
References
10
Aldridge, R., D. & Clark, N. D. L., 1993- The anatomy of conodonts, phill. Trans. R. Soc. London
11
Ashouri, A. R., 2006- Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous Conodont Faunas from the Khoshyeilagh Formation, Alborz Mountains, North Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 17(1): 53-65, University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104
12
Assereto,E.,1963- the Paleozoic formations in Central Elborz, Riv. Ital., paleontol., V.69, N.4
13
Austin, R. L. & Branes Ch. R., 1973- The Biostratigraphic Limitations of Conodonts with particular reference to the base of the Carboniferous, Bull. Soc. Belg. Geol., Tome 82
14
Bitter, P. H. & Plint, G., 1982- Conodont Biostratigraghy of the Codroy group (Lower Carboniferous), Southwest in Newfound land, Canada
15
Boncheva, I., Bahrami, A., Yazdi, M. & Toraby, H., 2007- Carboniferous Conodont Biostratigraphy and Late Palaeozoic depositional evolution in South-Central Iran (Asadabad section-SE Iran), Rivista Italiana di paleontologia e stratigraghia ,113: 329-356
16
Branson, E. B. & Mehl, M. G., 1933- New and little known Carboniferous conodont genera, Jou. Pal. 15, pp.97-106, Tulsa/Okla
17
Clark, D., 1973- Conodont biofacies and Paleoecology of the Carboniferous of China wang chengyan
18
Dreesen, R., Sandberg, C. A. & Ziegler, W., 1986- Review of Devonian and Early Carboniferous conodont biofacies models as applied to the Ardenne Carboniferous conodont biostratigraghy and biofacies applied to the Ardenne shelf, soc. Geol. Bely,190
19
Druce, E. C., 1969- U. Paleozoic conodonts from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, northwestern Australia. Bur. Miner. Resour. Bull. 98,1-242, pls. 15-18
20
Gaetani, M., Zanchi, A., Angiolini, L., Olivini, G., Sciunnach, D., Bruntan, H., Nicora, A. & Mawson, R., 2004- the Carboniferous of the Western Karakoram (Pakistan),Jou. of Asian Earth Sciences.
21
Higgins, A. C., 1985- The carboniferous system: part2- conodont of the Silesian Subsystem Great Britain and Ireland.
22
Kaiser, S. I., Steuber, T., Becker, R. T. & Joachimski, M. M., 2006- Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (2006) 146-160
23
Matthews, S. C., 1964- A lower Carboniferous Conodont fauna from East cornwall,Palaentology, Volume 12, p.2
24
Nicoll, R. & Druce, E. C., 1979- Conodonts from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia, Bulletin 190
25
Rhodes, F. H. T., Austin, R. L. & Druce, E. C., 1969- British Avonian (Carboniferous) Conodonts faunas and their value in local and inter continental correlation, B. of British Museum geol. Supplement 5
26
Sweet, W.C., 1988- the Conodonta, Morphology, Paleontology and Evolutionary History of long-Extinct animal phylum, Oxford Monog. on Geol. and Geoph. N.10, 212 p.
27
Wang, C.Y. & Wang, Z., 1978- upper Devonian and lower Carboniferous Conodonts from Southern Guizhou, Mem. Nanjing Int. of geol. And paleont., Acad. Sinica, N.11
28
Yazdi, M., 1999- Late Devonian-Carboniferous conodonts from Eastern Iran, Revista Ita. Pale., Vol.105, No.2, pp.167-200
29
Ziegler, W., Klapper, G., Lindstrom, M. & Sweet, W. C., 1973- Catalogue of Conodonts, Edited by prof. Ziegler W., Vol. I,II,III, E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nagele U Obermiller), Stuttgart.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping Using ASTER Imagesin the Rabor Area, Kerman
Rabor area is located in 160 km south of Kerman city and 40 km east of Baft. There is some evidence illustrating some porphyry copper type mineralization, co-operated with tens of within Urumieh-Dokhtar volcanic belt stocks. Identification of the high potential localities and mapping the porphyry copper mineralization within these sites look very necessary. To aim for this goal, we aimed to identify the probable mineralization zones related porphyry copper mineralization alteration haloes in Rabor. In this research, by using the satellite image processing of ASTER sensor, applying the methods such as band ratioing, principal component analysis (PCA) and selective principal component analysis (Crosta) as well as the direct data from the Baft geological map (1:100000), available metallogenical theories and porphyry copper mineralization models, prepare images based on available clay mineral concentration maps from the region could provide evidences for an existence of a porphyry copper mineralization. Band ratioing was applied to discriminate the altered areas from the non-altered ones and also area lithology, porphyry copper deposit boundaries by identification of kaolinite, alunite and illite as indicator minerals within the studied area. Selective principal component analysis was also applied to produce the clay mineral concentration indicator maps to potential mining area recognition. Ore index cross matching called Pey Negin based recognition presumed area, demonstrates the selective principal component analysis method accuracy and its efficiency by using the satellite ASTER data from the altered area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54624_d34b0777d3d1510e1feaad1f45ccd0d2.pdf
2011-02-20
123
128
10.22071/gsj.2010.54624
Rabor
Remote Sensing
Aster
Selective Principal Component Analysis
Potential Mining Areas
M.
Abbaszadeh
abbaszadeh@kashanu.ac.ir
1
Dept. of mining, Metallurgical and petroleum Eng. AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ardeshir
Hezarkhani
ardehez@aut.ac.ir
2
Mining Exploration, Department of Mining and Metallurgy, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Azizi, H., Rsaouli, A. A. & Babaei, K., 2007- Using swir bands from aster for discrimination of hydrothermal altered minerals in the northwest of Iran (Se-Sanandaj city); a key for exploration of copper and gold mineralization, research journal of applied sciences, 6: 763-768.
2
Crosta, A. & De Souza Fliho, C., 2003- Targeting key alteration minerals in epithermal deposits in Patagonia, Argentina, using aster imagery and principal component analysis, international journal of remote sensing, 24: 4233-4240.
3
Crosta, A. P. & Moore, J. MCM., 1989- Enhancement of landsat thematic mapper imagery for residual soil mapping in SW Minas Gerais State Brazil: a prospecting case history in greenstone belt terrain. in: Wolfe, W.L., & Zissis, G.J. (eds.) proceedings of the 9th thematic conference on remote sensing for exploration geology, Calgary, 1173–1187.
4
Di Tommaso, I. & Rubinstein, N., 2007- Hydrothermal alteration mapping using aster data in the Infiernillo porphyry deposit, Argentina, journal of ore geology reviews, 32: 275-290.
5
Hassanipak, A. A. & Sharafeddin, M., 2005- Exploration Data Analysis, Tehran university press, 977 p.
6
Jun, L., Songwei, C., Duanyou, L., Bin, W., Shuo, L. & Liming, Z., 2008- Research on false color image composite and enhancement methods based on ratio images, the international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences, 37: 1151-1154.
7
Loughlin, W., 1991- Principal component analysis for alteration mapping, photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing, 57: 1163-1169.
8
Masoomi, F., 2007- Preparation of mineral potential map of northern Baft by using GIS, M.Sc thesis, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
9
Patra, S. K., Shekher, M., Solanki, S. S., Ramachandran, R. & Krishnsn, R., 2006- A technique for generating natural colour images from false colour composite images, international journal of remote sensing, 27: 2977-2989.
10
Rouskov, K., Popov, K., Stoykov, S. & Yamaguchi, Y., 2005- Some applications of the remote sensing in geology by using of aster image. in: Scientific Conference “SPACE, ECOLOGY, SAFETY”. PP167-173.
11
Sabine, C., 1999- Remote sensing strategies for mineral exploration. in: Rencez A. (ed.) Remote Sensing for The Earth Sciences-Manual of Remote Sensing. American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. PP375–447.
12
Soe, M., Aung Kyaw, T. & Takashima, I., 2005- Application of remote sensing techniques on iron oxide detection from aster and landsat images of Tanintharyi Coastal Area Myanmar. in: Scientific and Technical Reports of Faculty of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University. 26: 21-28.
13
Vincent, R. K., 1997- Fundamentals of Geological and Environmental Remote Sensing, 1st edition. Prentice Hall, 131 p.
14
Yamaguchi, Y., Kahle, A. B., Tsu, H., Kawakami, T. & Pniel, M., 1998- Overview of advanced space borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (aster), IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36: 1062–1071.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of Cyanide Leaching Process in order to Increase Au, Ag and Hg Recovery in Pouya Zarkan Aghdareh Plant
Cyanidation process is one of the most important and widespread hydrometallurgical technologies used in the extraction of gold and silver from ores and concentrates. Some of the most effective parameters on cyanide leaching are sodium cyanide concentration, dissolved oxygen, solid percent, pH, particle size, retention time and agitation speed. In this article the effect of these parameters on the recovery of gold, silver and mercury from Pouya Zarkan Aghdareh ore has been studied to determine the optimum conditions using Taguchi exprimental design method. The experiments at the screening step based on L16 orthogonal array indicated that the effective parameters on gold, silver and mercury recovery such as sodium cyanide, pH, solid percent in pulp, d80 and retention time were obtained equal to 900 g/t ore, 10, 42%, 53 μm and 30 h, respectively. The experiments at the optimization step based on L18 orthogonal array indicated that d80 on gold recovery and retention time on silver and mercury recovery were the most effective parameters. Finally the optimum conditions for gold, silver and mercury recovery were obtained for parameters such as sodium cyanide, pH, solid percent in pulp, d80 and retention time equal to 1000 g/t ore, 10.3, 46%, 37 μm and 40 h, respectively. At this conditions gold, silver and mercury recovery were equal to 91.42±1.02, 54.31±1.24 and 19.50±0.66 percent, respectively.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54626_9736143207a0c551ffdab2a4b98fe74d.pdf
2011-02-20
129
138
10.22071/gsj.2010.54626
Optimization of Leaching
Cyanidation
Gold
Silver
Mercury
exprimental design
Taguchi
M.
Abdollahy
minmabd@modares.ac.ir
1
Dept. Of Mineral processing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. M. J.
Koleini
2
Dept. Of Mineral processing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Ghaffari
3
Dept. Of Mineral processing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
شفایی، س. ض. و عبدالهی، م.، 1378- هیدرومتالورژی، جلد اول، چاپ اول، انتشارات دانشگاه شاهرود.
2
References
3
Bayat, O., Vapur, H., Akyol, F., Poole, C., 2003- Effects of oxidising agents on dissolution of Gumuskoy silver ore in cyanide solution, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 16, pp: 395-398
4
Brwner, R. E., 1995- The use of bauxite waste mud in the treatment of gold ores, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 37, pp: 339-348
5
Cerovic, K., Hutchison, H. & Sandenbergh, R. F., 2005- Kinetics of gold and a gold–10% silver alloy dissolution in aqueous cyanide in the presence of lead, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, pp: 585-590
6
Costa, M. C., 1997- Hydrometallurgy of gold: New perspectives and treatment of refractory sulphide ores, Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii, Vol. 31, pp: 63-72
7
Curreli, L., Ghiani, M., Surracco, M. & Orru, G., 2005- Beneficiation of a gold bearing enargite ore by flotation and As leaching with Na-hypochlorite, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, pp: 849-854
8
Dai, X. & Jeffrey, M. I., 2006- The effect of sulfide minerals on the leaching of gold in aerated cyanide solutions, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 82, pp: 118-125
9
Dai, X., Jeffrey, M. I. & Breuer, P. L., 2005- The development of a flow injection analysis method for the quantification of free cyanide and copper cyanide complexes in gold leaching solutions, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 76, pp: 87-96
10
De Andrade Lima, L. R. P. & Hodouin, D., 2005- Optimization of reactor volumes for gold cyanidation, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, pp: 671-679
11
Deschenes, G., Lastra, R., Brown, J. R., Jin, S., May ,O. & Ghali, E., 2000- Effect of lead nitrate on cyanidation of gold ores: progress on the study of the mechanisms, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 13, pp: 1263-1279
12
Deschenes, G., McMullen, J., Ellis, S., Fulton, M. & Atkin, A., 2005- Investigation on the cyanide leaching optimization for the treatment of KCGM gold flotation concentrate- phase 1, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, pp: 832-838
13
Senanayake, G., 2006- The cyanidation of silver metal: Review of kinetics and reaction mechanism, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 81, pp: 75-85
14
Gupta, C. K. & Mukherjee, T. K., 2000- Hydrometallurgy in Extraction Processes, CRC Press, Vol. 2, chap 1, pp: 1-47
15
Guzmana, L., Segarra, M., Chimenos, J. M., Cabotb, P. L. & Espiell, F., 1999- Electrochemistry of conventional gold cyanidation, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 44, pp: 2625-2632
16
Jones, G. & Miller, G., 2005- Mercury and Modern Gold Mining in Nevada, Final Report to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX
17
Luna, R. M. & Lapidus, G.T., 2000- Cyanidation kinetics of silver sulfide, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 56, pp: 171-188
18
Marsden, J., Hous, I. & Horwood, E., 1992- The chemistry of gold extraction, pp: 260-295
19
Wadsworth, M. E., 2000- Surface processes in silver and gold cyanidation, Int. J. Miner. Process., Vol. 58, pp: 351-368
20
Wadsworth, M. E. & Zhu, X., 2003- Kinetics of enhanced gold dissolution: activation by dissolved silver, Int. J. Miner. Process., Vol. 72, pp: 301-310
21
Roy, R. K., 1995- A primer on the Taguchi method, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
22
Sandenbergh, R. F. & Miller, J. D., 2001- Catalysis of the leaching of gold in cyanide solutions by lead, bismuth and thallium, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, pp: 1379-1386
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the Origin of Magnetite and Sulfide Phasess from Gol-Gohar Iron Ore Deposit (Sirjan): Constrains from O and S Isotope Data
Gol-Gohar iron mine in Sirjan with general tonnage of 1135 milion tons, is one of the most important iron sources in Iran. The main ore minerals in this ore deposit consist of magnetite and subordinate hematite. δ18O of magnetite ranges from 3.8‰ to 4.8‰, while the calculated δ18O of the fluids that are in isotopic equilibrium with magnetite, varies between 10‰ and 11.3‰. Such isotopic attributes indicates that magnetite originated from magmatic fluids that were also equilibrated with sources enriched in 18O. This theory completely corresponds with the breaciated environment of Gol-Gohar ore deposit and the presence of metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks with high δ18O amounts. Magnetite in Gol-Gohar iron, particularly in lower levels, is associatd with sulfide phases, so that the amount of sulfur increases with depth. The main sulfide phase in Gol-Gohar ore is pyrite that occupies the spaces between the magnetite grains and occurs as narrow veinletss. The δ34S values of pyrite (23.46‰-25‰) are similar to those of seawater sulfate (~30‰) and evaporative sulfates (10-30‰) and thus suggest pyrite originated likely from such sources. Texture and pertogrephic studies also show that sulfides were deposited after the formation of magnetite ore in Gol-Gohar.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54634_6b465ceccc615f699fcff4f237c7cb59.pdf
2011-02-20
139
146
10.22071/gsj.2010.54634
Magnetite
Sulfide
Oxygen Isotope
Sulfur Isotope
Gol-Gohar
Sirjan
Magmatic source
Sea water and evaporative sulfates
Y.
Bayati Rad
1
College of Science, Faculty of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Mirnejad
mirnejad@khayam.ut.ac.ir
2
College of Science, Faculty of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Ghalamghash
jalilghalamghash@gmail.com
3
Geological Survey and Mine Explorations of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
حلاجی، ا. و یعقوبپور، ع. م.، 1370- بررسی انواع فازهای سولفیدی موجود در سنگآهن گلگهر سیرجان، مجموعه مقالات سومین سمپوزیوم معدنکاران ایران، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، جلد اول: 111-141.
2
صادقی، ر.، 1386- بررسی ژئوشیمی و ژنز کانسار آهن آنومالی شمالی (شمال بافق) ایران مرکزی، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تهران.
3
قلمقاش، ج. و میرنژاد، ح.، 1387- گزارش سنسنجی مجموعه دگرگونی گلگهر، شرکت مهندسان مشاور تهران پادیر.
4
یعقوبی، ع.، 1378- بررسی ژئوشیمی و ژنز کانسار شماره 2 گلگهر، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شیراز.
5
References
6
Barnes, H. L.,1997- Geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits, 3th edition, Weily Interscience, New York, 517.
7
Faure, G. & Mensing, A., 2005- Principles of isotope geology, 2th edition, Johm Weily & Sons, New York, chapter 25,460.
8
Friedman, I., O, neil J. R., 1977- Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. In M. Fleischer, ed, chapter KK, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof, 440.
9
Gehlen, K. V., Nielsen, H., Chunnett, I. & Rozendaal, A., 1983- Sulphur isotopes in metamorphosed Precambrian Fe-Pb-Zn-Cu sulphides and barite at Aggeneys and Gamsberg, South Africa, Mineralogical Magazine, V. 47: 481-6.
10
Hoeffs, J., 2009- Stable isotope geochemistry, 6th edition, Springer verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
11
Jami, M., Alistair, C. D. & Cohen, D. R., 2007- Fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Esfordi apatite- magnetite deposit, central Iran, Economic Geology,V. 102: 1111-1128.
12
Marschik, R., Spikings, R. & Kuscu, I., 2008- Geochronology and stable isotope signature of alteration related to hydrothermal magnetite ores in Central Anatolia, Turkey, Mineralium Deposita,V. 43: 111- 124.
13
Melezhik, V. A., Lindahl, I., Pokrovsky, B. & Nilsson, L. P., 2000- Sulphur source and genesis of polymetallic sulphide occurrences of the Ofoten district in the central- north Norwegian Caledonides: evidence from sulphur isotopic studies, Mineralium Deposita,V. 35: 465-489.
14
Ohmoto, H. & Rye, R. O., 1979- Isotopes of sulfur and carbon, in Barnes H. L. Geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits, 2th edition, Weily Interscience, New York, 509-567.
15
Rajaeian, F. & Hallaji, A., 1991- Statisical examination of geophysical faults from Abade (east of Fars) to north of Bandar Abbas base on reports of Aeroservice, int. rep. of Golgohar mine.
16
Rollinson, H. R., 1995- Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation, chapter 7: 303.
17
Rose, A. W., Herrick, D. C. & Deines, P., 1985- An oxygen and sulfur isotope study of skarn-type magnetite deposits of the Cornwall type, Southeastern Pennsylvania, Economic Geology,V. 80: 418-443.
18
Sabzehei, M., Eshraghi, S. A., Roshan Ravan, J., Seraj, M., Navazi, M., Hamdi, B. & Ghavidel Syooki, M., 1997- Geological map of Iran 1:100:1000 sheet, Tehran naghshe.
19
Sharp, Z., 2006- Principles of stable isotope geochemistry, chapter 10: 409.
20
Sun, H., Wu, J., Yu, P. & Li, J., 1998- Geology, geochemistry and sulfur isotope composition of the Late Proterozoic Jingtieshan (Superior-type) hematite-jasper-barite iron ore deposits associated with stratabound Cu mineralization in the Gansu Province, China, Mineralium Deposita,V. 34: 102-112.
21
Thod, H. G. & Monster, J., 1964- The sulfur isotope abundances in evaporites and in ancient oceans, in Vinogradov AP (ed) Proc Geochem Conf Commemrating the Centenary of VI Vernadskii,s Birth, V. 2: 630.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Tectonic Provenance of Padeha Formation Sandstones in Samirkooh Section, Central Iran: with Refrence to Influence of
Diagenetic Processes on Sandstones Composition
The sandstones of Padeha Formation with 390m thickness in section of Samirkooh in Kerman, Zarand have been studied to illuminate their provenance, tectonic provenance, diagenesis by omitting the effect of diagenetic process on sandstone composition. In this direction, petrography of 91 thin sections, modal analysis of 30 appropriate samples, and use of SEM and EDX analyses of 6 sandstone samples were accomplished .We can point to diagenetic processes including mechanical compaction, coating hematite around the detrial grains (eogenetic stage) and growing up authigenic cholorite and illite, chemical compaction, quartz cementation, dolomite cementation, dedolomitization, albitization of feldspar and corrosion of grains by dolomite cement (mesogenetic stage) and fracturing as well as filling them by calcite, quartz and anhydrite cement (telogenetic stage). We studied tectonic provenance of these sandstones using Qt92 F7 L1, Qm77 F 7 Lt 16, Qp92Lvm4Lsm4, after recognition of diagenetic process and omitting their effect on the results of modal analysis. These results show quartzolithic facies with cratonic, recycled orogen and rifted continental margin tectonic provenance. Using diamond diagram drawn based on particulars quartz grains and also petrographic evidences in these sandstone, we can say that these sandstone derived from multi provenance. The log Qt/F+RF vs. Qt/F+RF climate diagram and QRRF triangle indicate humid climate during deposition of the Padeha Formation.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54644_44de024981810026334c538fb875993a.pdf
2011-02-20
147
158
10.22071/gsj.2010.54644
Diagenesis
Tectonic provenance
Parent rock
Climate
Padeha Formation
M.
Hosseini-Barzi
m_hosseini@sbu.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Earth sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Saeedi
2
Faculty of Earth sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، س. ع.، 1385- زمینشناسی ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، شماره 11، 586 صفحه.
2
درویش زاده، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، موسسه انتشارات امیرکبیر، 421 صفحه.
3
رفیقی اسکویی، ن. 1371- پالینواستراتیگرافی و پالینوبیوژئوگرافی سازند پادها در مقطع تیپ واقع در ازبک کوه، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، 145 صفحه.
4
روزگار، ر.، 1387- پالینواستراتیگرافی سازندهای پادها و بهرام در منطقه گریک واقع در شرق زرند، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، 188 صفحه.
5
وحدتی دانشمند، ف.، 1374- نقشه زمینشناسی زرند، مقیاس 1:100000، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
6
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Ahmad, A. H. M. & Bhat, G. M. 2006- Petrofacies, provenance and diagenesis of the dhosa sandstone member (Carfi Formation) at Ler, Kachchh sub-basin, Western India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences., 27: 857-872.
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Alavi-naini, M. & Amidi, S. M. 1968- Geology of western parts of Takab Quadrangle. Geol. Survey Iran- Note No., 49: 98 p.
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11
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12
Burley, S. D., Kantorowicz, J. D. & Waugh, B. 1985- Clastic diagenesis. In: Sedimentology: Recent and Applied Aspects (Eds P. Brenchley and B.P.B. Willians). Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London, No., 18: 189-226
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geomorphic Signatures of Active Tectonics in the Talaghan Rud, Shah Rud and SefidRud Drainage Basins in Central Alborz, N Iran
Geomorphic indices of active tectonics are useful tools to analyze the influence of active tectonics.These indices have the advantage of being calculate from ArcGIS and remote sensing packages over large area as a reconnaissance tool to identify geomorphic anomalies possibly related to active tectonics.This is particulary valuable in west-central Alborz where relatively little work on active tectonics based on this method was done,so this method is new and useful. Based upon values of the stream length-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), index of drainage basin shape (Bs), and index of mountain front sinuosity (Smf),we used an overall index(Iat) that is a combination of the other indices that divides the landscape into four classes of relative tectonic activity. The moderat class of Iat is mainly in the south of Manjel dam,while the rest of the study area has high active tectonics (shahrud drainage basin and sefidrud drainage basin),and high to very high(Taleghan and Alamut drainage basin). The stream network asymmetry (T)was also studied using morphometric measures of Tranverse Topographic Symmetry.Analysis of the drainage basins and subbasins in the study area results in a field of T-vectors that defines anomalous zone of the basin asymmetry.Acomparsion of T index clearly coincide with the values and classes of active tectonics indices and the overall Iat index.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54669_af120623a1e0002ee1ed00b65706fd11.pdf
2011-02-20
159
166
10.22071/gsj.2010.54669
Tectonic geomorphology
Geomorphic Indices of Active Tectonics
Drainage Basin
Asymmetry
Central Alborz
Z.
Mardani
mhmardani@yahoo.com
1
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Ghorashi
ghorashi_manouchehr@yahoo.com
2
Islamic Azad University (IAU), North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Arian
mehranariyan@yahoo.com
3
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kh.
Khosrotehrani
4
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
پایگاه ملی دادهای علومزمین
2
معماریان، ح.، 1380- زمینشناسی برای مهندسین، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، صفحه 49 تا 126.
3
وحدتی دانشمند، ب.، 1385- نو زمین ساخت سفیدرود و دشت گیلان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
4
References
5
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7
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8
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Introduction to New Concentration-Volume Fractal Method for Separation Zones in Porphyry Deposits
Determination of different zones in porphyry deposits is on of important goals in their exploration because this operation especially determination supergene zone is important for economical study in these deposits. Traditional methods based on alterations and mineralogical studies are not proper in many cases because these methods are based on petrogaraphical and mineralographical studies, only. Later methods were introduced basis fluid inclusions and isotopes are indirect methods and applied for alterations separation. Fractal methods are applicable in surface geological and geochemical studies for many reasons such as using all data, according to spatial distribution and anomalies geometrical shapes. In this research, concentration-volume method entitled new fractal method is introduced for separation of supergene, hypogene, oxidant and host rock based on major element grade in porphyry deposits. Mathematical base of this method by using of power-law function and partition function for fractal and multifractal modeling, concentration-volume is used for zones separation in Chah-Firuzeh Cu porphyry deposit in Shahrbabak in Kerman province. First, Cu distribution in this deposit was evaluated by geostatistical methods and concentration-volume logarithmic diagram that break points show grade boundaries of different zones and boundary between mineralization and host rock. Also, alteration, mineralogical and zonation models were constructed based on geological observation and compared by results from concentration-volume fractal method. Separated zones by this fractal method are smaller and near to fact and correlated by geological models. Usage of grade parameter that is most important direct and quality parameter constructed reality results.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54675_33abe04f2b1ee006f156c33fc388bbe2.pdf
2011-02-20
167
172
10.22071/gsj.2010.54675
Concentration-Volume fractal method
Porphyry deposits
Supergene zone
Chah-Firuzeh
Kerman
P.
Afzal
paymanafzal@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Khakzad
khakzad@yahoo.com
2
Geology Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
P.
Moarefvand
3
Mining and Metallurgy Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Rashid Nezhad Omran
rashid@modares.ac.ir
4
Geology Department, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.
Fadakar Alghalandis
5
WH BryanMining & Geology Research Centre, SMI, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اصغریان، ا.، 1386- شبیهسازی زمینآماری دادههای سیالات درگیر برای جدایش آلتراسیونها در کانسار مس سونگون اهر، پایاننامه دکتری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر.
2
شرکت مهندسین مشاور کان ایران، 1384- گزارش اکتشافی کانسار مس چاه فیروزه شهر بابک، استان کرمان.
3
References
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Wilson Alan, J., David, R., Cooke, B., Harper, M., Benjamin, J. & Deyell, Cari L., 2007- Sulfur isotopic zonation in the Cadia district, southeastern Australia: exploration significance and implications for the genesis of alkalic porphyry gold–copper deposits, Miner Deposita, 42: 465–487.
32
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33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Post-Collisional Shoshonitic, C-type Adakitic and Lamprophyric Plutonism in the Khankandi Pluton, Arasbaran (NW Iran)
Khankandi pluton is located in northwestren part of Iran, within Garadagh (Arasbaran) - south Armenia block. Main units of the pluton are monzonite and granodiorite associated with minor gabbro and lamprophyric and dacitic dykes. Granodioritic plutonism is followed by gabbro and monzonite. Lamprophyric and dacitic dykes are emplaced at the end of the granodioritic plutonism. Gabbro and monzonites are shoshonitic, and granodiorites and dacites have high K-calc alkaline nature and charactistics of C-type (potassic or continental) adakites and high Ba-Sr granitoides. Lamprophyres are alkaline and have camptonitic composition. The monzonites follow fractionation trend of gabbro with minor crustal assimilation and contamination. Melting of garnet bearing mafic lower crust, metasomatised lithospheric mantle and upwelling asthenosphere produced granodioritic and dacitic, shoshonitic gabbro and lamprophyric magma respectively. The production of various magma types in the Oligocene of the Arasbaran occurred in response to slab break off and/or delamination of lithospheric mantle and upwelling of asthenosphere. Plutonism occurred after collision between Iranian and Arabian plates and crustal thickening in the extensional post collisional tectonic setting.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54677_58b7c85afeea4b1215c03681708afb3a.pdf
2011-02-20
173
188
10.22071/gsj.2010.54677
Plutonism
Post-Collision
Shoshonitic
C-type Adakite
Lamprophyre
Khankandi
Arasbaran
NW Iran
M.
Aghazadeh
mehrajaghazadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Payeme Noor University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. H.
Emami
hashememami@yahoo.com
2
Research Institute of the Earth Sciences, Geological survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Moin Vaziri
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Rashidnezhad Omran
rashid@modares.ac.ir
4
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Castro
5
Department of Geology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقازاده، م.، 1385- نقشه زمینشناسی توده خانکندی و نواحی مجاور به مقیاس 1:20000.
2
آقازاده ، م.، 1388- پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی تودههای نفوذی شمال و شرق اهر (شیورداغ، خانکندی، انزان و یوسفلو) با نگرشی بر کانی زایی وابسته، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 470 صفحه
3
آقانباتی، س. ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
4
زمانی، دولق، ر.، 1379- مطالعه زمینشناسی و پتروژئوشیمیایی سنگهای پلوتونیک و ولکانیک تودههای جنوب غرب مشکینشهر و ارتباط با ژنز مس و مولیبدن؛ رساله کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تبریز، 379 صفحه.
5
نقشه زمینشناسی چهارگوش اهر به مقیاس 1:250000، 1370- سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
6
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