ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Alteration Mapping at Saridoon Porphyry Copper Prospect Using Short Wave Infrared Spectrometry (PIMA), ASTER Satellite Image and XRD
The Saridoon porphyry system is located 3 km northeast of Sarcheshmeh copper mine. Alteration mapping of the area was carried out using PIMA (Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer) analysis of 145 samples, ASTER satellite images, XRD analysis of 22 samples, field observations and petrographic studies. The lithocap is characterized by an advanced argillic alteration assemblage. The alteration occurs at high topographic levels and on the flanks of the topographic heights. Despite extensive exposures, the alteration varies in intensity and occurs as patches or partially exposed. Pyrophyllite spectral feature is used as a measure of alteration intensity (pyrophyllite abundance).
Phyllic alteration occurs in the central part of the sampled area. This spectrally distinct alteration assemblage occurs at all elevations, and is partially overprinted by advanced argillic alteration. Intermediate argillic alteration occurs on the flanks of advanced argillic and phyllic alterations. The mineral assemblage might have been formed by supergene processes, or alternatively, by low temperature hydrothermal fluids. The PIMA and XRD samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for a number of metals and semi-metals. A comparison of data from Saridoon and those from three other porphyry systems in northwest Kerman belt (Darrehzar, Abdar, and Chah Firuzeh) shows lower contents of Cu and Mo, and higher contents of As, Sb, Pb in Saridoon. The extend alteration systems in Iranian magmatic arc with low frequency of Cu and Mo shall be checked for advanced argillic alteration mineral assemblage using modern spectrometry instrument (e. g. PIMA). This distribution pattern of elements, coupled with the widespread occurrence of advanced argillic alteration at surface, suggests that stripping of overlying rocks at Saridoon was not as deep and effective as in many other porphyry systems in the Kerman belt. These findings suggest that alteration systems with low Cu and Mo contents and mineral assemblages typical of advanced argillic alteration merit closer and deeper inspection.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54987_db538c94b30d3aea062ab0d31e4ec9f8.pdf
2011-05-22
3
12
10.22071/gsj.2018.54987
Ahmad
Kazemi Mehrnia
akmehrnia@yahoo.com
1
Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
I.
Rasa
iraj.rasa17@gmail.com
2
Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Alirezaei
alirezaei@sb.ac.ir
3
Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Asadi Harooni
hooshang.asadiharoni@uwa.edu.au
4
Dept. of Mining, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
J.
Karami
jl.karami@modares.ac.ir
5
Dept. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
اطلس راههای ایران، 1387- انتشارات مؤسسه جغرافیایی و کارتوگرافی گیتاشناسی، 304 صفحه.
1
شرکت مهندسین مشاور کانایران، 1385- گزارش و نقشه زمینشناسی محدوده سریدون به مقیاس 1:1000، 131 صفحه.
2
شرکت مهندسی مشاورهای پارس اولنگ، 1387- ارزیابی ذخیره مس در کانسار مس سریدون، 85 صفحه.
3
References
4
Barzegar, H., 2007- Geology, petrology and geochemical characteristics of alteration zones within the Seridune prospect, Kerman, Iran, Ph.D thesis, RWTH Aachen University, 202p.
5
Bazin, D. & Hubner, H., 1969- Copper deposits in Iran: Geol., Surv. Iran., 13, 232p.
6
Dimitrijevic, M. D., 1973- Geology of Kerman region. Geol., Surv. Iran., Rep., 52: 334p.
7
Galvao, L. S., Almeida-Filho, R. & Vitorello, I., 2005- Spectral discrimination of hydrothermally altered Materials, Using ASTER short-wave infrared bands; Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Elsevier, 7: 107-114.
8
Gergorian, S., 2003- Assessment of geochemical anomalies (Sonajil area), National Iranian copper company, unpub., NICICO report, 48p.
9
Hemly, J. J. & Jones, W. R., 1964- Chemical aspects of hydrothermal alteration with emphasis on hydrogen metasomatism; Econ. Geol., v. 59, p. 569.
10
Huston, D. L., Kampard, J. & Brauhart, C., 1999- Definition of high-temperature alteration zones with PIMA: an example from the Panorama VHMS district, central Pilbara Craton. AGSO research newsletter, No30.
11
Lowell, D. J. & Guilbert, J. M., 1970- Lateral and vertical alteration-mineralization zoning in porphyry ore deposits, Econ Geol, v. 65 p. 373-408.
12
Milu, V., Milesi, J., P. & Leroy, J., L., 2004- Rosia Poieni copper deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romina: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system, Mineralium Deposit, 39, 173- 188.
13
Rio Tinto Ltd., 2002- NW Kerman belt Iran, unpub., Rio Tinto Report, 16p.
14
Sillitoe, R. H., 1993- Gold rich porphyry copper deposits Geological model and exploration, implication, Geological Association of Canada Special paper 40, 465-478.
15
Thompson, A., Hauff, P. & Robitaille, A., 1990- Alteration Mapping in Exploration, Application of short-wave Infrared (SWIR) Spectroscopy, SEG New Letter, No 39.
16
Tommaso, I. D. & Rubinstein, N., 2006- Hydrothermal alteration mapping using ASTER data in the infiernillo porphyry deposit, Argentinu, ore geology reviews, Science Direct, Elsvier, 32: 275-290.
17
Yang, K., Lian, C., Huntington, F. & Peng, Q., 2005- Infrared spectral reflectance characterization of hydrothermal alteration at the Tuwu cu-Au deposit, Xinjiang, China, Mineralium deposita, 324-336.
18
Zhang, X., Pazner, M. & Norman, D., 2007- Litologic and mineral information extraction for gold exploration using ASTER data in the South Chocolate Mountains, (California), ISPRS Journal of Photogrametry and Remote Sensing, Elsvier, 62:271-282.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Study of Dorouneh Fault System's West Termination in Jandaq-Talmessi Area
Dorouneh Fault is located in the north of Central Iran Microplate with left-lateral strike-slip mechanism and plays an important role in the formation of Iran plateau's morphology. Dorouneh fault, with bend geometry and 900 km length, extends from HyrmandRiver in the Afghanistan border to Anarak area in the Central Iran. Dorouneh Fault terminates in the Jandaq area as sub-parallel branches. Towards west, general trend of Dorouneh Fault System changes from northeast-southwest to north-south in the north of Talmessi Mine. Fault branches are observed as left-lateral strike-slip faults with normal dip-slip component in the Jandaq-Talmessi area that is introduced as a trailing extensional imbricate fan. But, considering slip sense inversion along Dorouneh Fault, the main mechanism for formation of western termination before slip sense inversion is a trailing compressional imbricate fan.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54988_e0cd5dfc2e51bc5da89fcbfd59d3356d.pdf
2011-05-22
13
20
10.22071/gsj.2011.54988
Strike –Slip Fault Termination
Imbricate Fan
Dorouneh Fault System
Jandaq-Talmessi
M.
Esterabi - Ashtiani
m1981-straby@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Yassaqi
yassaghi@modares.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
H. R.
Javadi
3
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Shahpasandzadeh
4
International Center for Science and High Technology and Enviromental Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
M. R.
Ghassemi
mrghassemi@yahoo.com
5
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
استرابیآشتیانی. م.، 1385- بررسی ساختاری پایانه باختری گسله درونه (جندق- انارک)، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیتمدرس، 112 ص.
1
جوادیکاریزکی، ح. ر.، 1385- زمینساخت جنبا، لرزه زمینساخت و تحلیل ساختاری سامانه گسلی درونه، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علومزمین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 209 ص.
2
References
3
Allen, M. B., Blanc, E. J. P., Walker, R., Jackson, J., Talebian, M. & Ghassemi, M. R., 2006- Contrasting styles of convergence in the Arabia-Eurasia collision: Why escape tectonics does not occur in Iran, Geological Society of America Special Paper 409, p. 579–589.
4
Davoudzadeh, M., Seyed-Emami, k., Amidi, M., 1969- Preliminary note on a newly discovered Triassic section of Anarak (Central Iran), with some remarks on the age of the metamorphism in the anarak regions; GSI note No. 51.
5
Eftekharnejad, J., 1976- Geological quadrangle map, 1:250000 series, Kashmar sheet. No. J5
6
Fattahi, M., Walker, R. T., Khatib, M. M., Dolati, A. & Bahroudi, A., 2007- Slip-rate estimate and past earthquakes on theDoruneh fault, eastern Iran. Geophysics Journal International. 168,691–709.
7
Freund, R., 1974- Kinematics of transform and transcurrent faults, Tectonophysics 21, 93-134.
8
Keller, J. V. A., Hall, S. H., Dart, C. J., McClay, K. R., 1995- The geometry and evolution of a transpressional strike-slip system: the Carbonears fault, SE Spain, Journal of the Geological Society of London. 152, 339-351.
9
Jackson, J., McKenzie, D., 1984- Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan Belt between western Turkey and Pakistan, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 77, 185 – 264.
10
Jackson, J., Haines, J. & Holt, W., 1995- The accommodation of Arabia-Eurasia plate convergence in Iran. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 15,205-15,219.
11
Javadi, H. R., 2009- Iran Fault Map. Geological Survey of Iran. (in press)
12
Little, T. A. & Roberts, A. P., 1997- Distribution and mechanism of Neogene to present-day vertical axis rotations, Pacific-Australian plate boundry zone, South Island New Zeland. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 20447-20468.
13
Sharkovski, M., Susov, M. & Krivyakin, B., 1984- Geology of the Anarak Area (Central Iran), Romanko E.: Moscow,V/O "Technoexport" for Geol. Surv. Iran, 5, 143 p.
14
Storti, F., Rossetti, F. & Salvini, F., 2001- Structural architecture and displacement accommodation mechanisms at the termination of the Priestley Fault, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, Tectonophysics 341, 141-161.
15
Tchalenko, J. S., Berberian, M. & Behzadi, H., 1973- Geomorphic and seismic evidence for recent activity of the Dorouneh fault (Iran), Tectonophysics, 19, 333-341.
16
Umhoefer, P. J., 2000- Where are the missing faults in translated terranes. Tectonophysics 326, 23-35.
17
Walker, R. & Jackson, J., 2004- Active tectonics and late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran, Tectonics, 23, TC5010, doi:10.1029/2003TC001529.
18
Wellman, H. W., 1966- Active wrench faults of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Geologische Rundschau, 18,217-234.
19
Woodcock, N. H. & Fischer, M., 1986- Strike-slip duplexes, Journal of Structural Geology. vol. 8, p. 725-735.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petroleum System Modeling of Lower Paleozoic in Persian Gulf Basin
The Paleozoic sediments are noteworthy for many of petroleum geologists to research within Arabian Plate during last decades. Significant values of oil and gas was generated from the Silurian source rock in this area. This source rock has been modeled by commercial software's (PetroMod and Genex) in Saudi Arabia and its maturity proportion determined in various locations. Maturity proportion of this source rock was not characterized truly in Persian Gulf and Zagros foreland basin. Here used geological well data of three drilled wells that one's was penetrated to the Silurian shale (Sarchahan Formation) in Persian Gulf to model and used PetroMod-1D software. These well modeling results and the Saudi Arabia results show that the rate of maturity trend for Silurian shale has increased from Saudi Arabia to Iran, so that the shale is in the recognized gas window in Persian Gulf and over-mature in some part of ZagrosBasin. In Arabian Plate basemental lowlands and highlands exist at the Pre-Cambrian time, therefore cause the maturity of this shale in older highlands than the lowlands area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54989_b504607d671e330044d59a2c660b3361.pdf
2011-05-22
21
30
10.22071/gsj.2011.54989
Paleozoic
Modeling
Petroleum System
Persian Gulf
Zagros
Sarchahan Shale
Silurian
Source Rock Maturity
Hydrocarbon
S.
Salehi Rad
salehirad@gmail.com
1
Islamic Azad University, North-Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Sherkati
ssherkati@hotmail.com
2
Exploration Directorate of N.I.O.C., Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Taati Qoaryem
3
Exploration Directorate of N.I.O.C., Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H.
Noroozi
4
Exploration Directorate of N.I.O.C., Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
صالحیراد، س.، 1388- مدلسازی سیستم هیدروکربوری پالئوزوییک زیرین در بلندای گاوبندی، رساله کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
2
علوینائینی، م.، 1372- زمینشناسی ایران، چینهشناسی پالئوزوییک ایران، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، تهران.
3
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- زمینشناسی ایران، چینهشناسی زاگرس، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، تهران.
4
مطیعی، ه.، 1374- زمینشناسی ایران، زمینشناسی نفت زاگرس، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، تهران.
5
References
6
Abu-Ali, M., 2005- Organic Petrology, Maturation, Thermal and Burial History Analysis, and Hydrocrbon Generation and Migration of the Saudi Arabian Paleozoic Petroleum Systems, PhD Thesis, RWTH Achen, 220 pp.
7
Abu-Ali, M. A. & Littke, R., 2005- Paleozoic Petroleum Systems of Saudi Arabia: A Basin Modeling Approach, GeoArabia, v. 10, no. 3, p. 131-168.
8
Abu-Ali, M. A., Franz, U. A., Shen, J., Monnier, F., Mahmoud, M. D. & Chambers, T. M., 1991- Hydrocarbon Generation and Migration in the Paleozoic Sequence of Saudi Arabia, Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 21376, p.345-356.
9
Abu-Ali, M. A., Rudkiewicz, J. L., McGillivray, J. G. & Behar, F., 1999- Paleozoic Petroleum System of Central Saudi Arabia, GeoArabia, v. 4, no. 3, p. 321-335.
10
Abu-Ali, M. A., Rudkiewicz, J. L., McGillivray, J. G. & Behar, F., 2001- Oil/Gas Generation and Migration Systems, Central Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco, Journal of Technology, Spring 2001.
11
Al-Jallal, I. A., 1995- The Khuff Formation: Its reservoir potential in Saudi Arabia and Other Gulf countries; depositional and stratigraphic approach, In: Geo' 94, V. 1, editor M.I. Al-Husseini, p. 103-119.
12
Alsharhan, A. S. & Narin, A. E. M., 1997- Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier Science B. V., 942 P.
13
Bordenave, M. L., 2003- Gas Prospective Areas in the Zagros Domain of Iran and in the Gulf Iranian Waters, Adapted from “extended abstract” of presentation at AAPG Annual Meeting, March 10-12, 2002, Houston, Texas.
14
Cole, A. G., Abu-Ali, M. A., Aoudeh, S. M., Carrigan, W. J., Chen, H. H., Colling, E. L., Gwathney, W. J., Al-Hajji, A. A., Halpern, H. I., Jones, P. J., Al-Sharidi, S. H. & Tobey, M. H., 1994- Organic Geochemistry of the Paleozoic Petroleum System of Central Saudi Arabia, Energy and Fuels, v.8, p. 1425-1442.
15
Ghavidel-syooki, M., 1988- Palynostratigraphy and paleoecology of Faraghan Formation of southeastern Iran, Ph.D. Dissertation, MichiganStateUniversity, 279 pp.
16
Ghavidel-syooki, M.,1993- Palynological study of Palaeozoic sediments of the Chal-i-sheh area, southwestern Iran. Journal Scientific IslamRepublicIran 4 (1): 32-46.
17
Ghavidel-syooki, M., 1994b- Palynological study and age determination of the Ordovician sediments and Faraghan Formation in Kuh-e- Surmeh, Southern Iran, Geol. Surv. Iran, Geosciences, Scientific Quarterly Journal 3 (12): 28-35.
18
Ghavidel-syooki, M., 1995b- Palynostratigraphy of Sarchahan (Lower Silurian) and Faraghan Formations (Devonian and Lower Permian) in Kuh-e-Gahkum, Zagros Basin, Geol. Surv. Iran, Geosciences, Scientific Quarterly Journal 4 (14/16): 74-79.
19
Ghavidel-Syooki, M., 2000- Biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of Late Ordovician and Early Silurian chitinozoans from the Zagros Basin, southern Iran, Historical Biology Vol.15, pp.29-39.
20
Ghavidel-syooki, M. & Khosravi, M. E., 1994- Investigation of Lower Paleozoic sediments at Tang-e-Zakeen of Kuh-e-Faraghan, and introduction of Seyahou and Sarchahan Formations in the Zagros Basin, Geol. Surv. Iran, Geosciences, Scientific Quarterly Journal 4 (14): 2-21.
21
Jahani, S., 2009- Salt Tectonic, Folding and Faulting in eastern Fars and southern Offshore Provinces (Iran), PhD. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise University.
22
Jones, P. J. & Stump, T. E., 1999- Depositional and Tectonic Setting of the Lower Silurian Hydrocarbon Source Rock Facies, Central Saudi Arabia, AAPG Bulletin, v. 83, no. 2, p. 314-332.
23
Konert, G., Afifi, A. M., Al-Hajri, S. A. & Droste, H. J., 2001- Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Arabian Plate, GeoArabia, v. 6, no. 3, p. 407-442.
24
Loosveld, R. J. H., Bell, A. & Terken, J. J. M., 1996- The Tectonic Evolution of Interior Oman, GeoArabia, v.1, no. 1, p. 28-51.
25
Mahmoud, M. D., Vaslet, D. & Al-Husseini, M. I., 1992- The Lower Silurian Qalibah Formation of Saudi Arabia: An Important Hydrocarbon Source Rock, AAPG Bulletin, v. 76, p. 1491-1506.
26
McGillivray, J. G. & Al-Husseini, M. I., 1992- The Paleozoic Petroleum Geology of Central Saudi Arabia, AAPG Bulletin, v. 76, p.1473-1490.
27
Pollastro, R. M., 2003- Total Petroleum Systems of the Paleozoic and Jurassic, Greater Ghawar Uplift and Adjoining Provinces of Central Saudi Arabia and Northern Arabian-Persian Gulf, USGS Bulletin 2202-H.
28
Riemens, W. G. & de Jong, L. N., 1985- Birba field PVT variations along the hydrocarbon column and confirmatory field test, 4th Middle East Oil Show, Bahrain, SPE Paper 13719, P. 323-332.
29
Sharland, P., Archer, R., Casey, D. M., Davies, R. B., Hall, S., Heward, A. P., Horbury, A. D. & Simmons, M. D., 2001- Arabian Plate sequence stratigraphy, GeoArabia SP2, Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 371 p. 2 enclosures.
30
Sweeney, J. J. & Burnham, A. K., 1990- Evaluation of a Simple Model of Vitrinite Reflectance Based on Chemical Kinetics, AAPG Bulletin, 74, p. 1559-1570.
31
Wender, L. E., Bryant, J. W., Dickens, M. F., Neville, A. S. & Al-Moqbel, A. M., 1998- Paleozoic (Pre-Khuff) Hydrocarbon Geology of the Ghawar Area, Eastern Saudi Arabia, GeoArabia, v.3, no.2, p. 273-302.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of Daleer Phosphate Rock Properties for Mineral Processing
In this research, characterization studies of sedimentary phosphate rock from Zanjan Dalir area with respect to processing are investigated. According to mineralogical studies, phosphate ore (Collophane 28.13%), sedimentary mineral and the predominant constituents of the gangues were Calcite (43.53%), Quartz and Dolomite (4.65%). Main composition of phosphate rock were P2O5 (11.9% wt), CaO (36.36% wt), SiO2 (24.49% wt) and MgO (1.01% wt). Microscopic studies showed that apatite pletts had inclusions of Calcite and Quartz (about 15-70 microns). Content of inclusions was considerable. Mineralogy texture is very complicated. Liberation degree determined by grain counting (with optic microscope) and sink and float test methods. From The results of liberation degree studies can be inferred that in dimension about 140 microns about 96% of phosphate particles librated. In desliming step about 8.2% of total phosphate was removed. Optimum grinding time to reaching liberation of phosphate particles was obtained about 10 min and 30 second. Organic material determined by heating method (about 1.66% wt). Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that inclusions and organic materials existed. Specific gravity of phosphate particles and gangues difference was low. Based on the mentioned studies, effective method for processing of phosphate minerals from carbonate and silicate impurities is suggested flotation method.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_54998_813453cb3fe295603cdfb901049b0f89.pdf
2011-05-22
31
38
10.22071/gsj.2011.54998
phosphate
Liberation Degree
Microscope
Flotation
Sink and Float and Grinding Time
S.
Khoshjavan
saber.khoshjavan@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Rezai
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Amini
3
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
نمدمالیان، ع. و ملک زاده، ل.، 1363- گزارش اکتشافی کانسار دلیر (بررسیهای نیمه تفضیلی)، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور- طرح اکتشافات فسفات.
2
امینی، ا.، عبداللهی، ه. و شمسی، پ.، 1386- بررسی امکان پرعیار سازی فسفات موندون-گروه کانه آرایی سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
References
4
Abouzeid, A. M., 2008- Physical and thermal treatment of phosphate ores an overview, Int. J. Miner. Process 85, VOL. 59–84,
5
Emigh, D. C., 2007- Phosphate Rock, Industrial Minerals and Rocks”, 7th Edition,
6
Hikmet, S., 2002- Enhancing flotation recovery phosphate ores using nonionic surfactants, Doctor of Philosophy thesis in mineral processing, department of energy –and geo environmental engineering, The Pennsylvania state university.
7
Mobbs, P. M., Wallace, G. J., Wilburn, D. R., Yager, T. S., 2007- The Mineral Industries of the Middle East, U. S. Geological Survey, Minerals Yearbook.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Palaeoecology of the Late Devonian Palynomorphs, Southwest Damghan
The Upper Devonian sequences in vicinity of Darvar, southwest Damghan comprise alternation of conglomerates, quartzites, sandstones, siltstones, shales, with fossiliferous limestone intercalations unconformably overlying the Ordovician strata and gradually preceding carbonates of the Lower Carboniferous Mobarak Formation. Diverse biota embracing brachiopods, trilobites, fish, gastropods, corals, echinoderms, and conodonts in conjunction with well preserved palynomorphs, in descending order of abundance, of both terrestrial and marine origin occur in the Upper Devonian strata (Geirud Formation) of Darvar, southwest Damghan. Scolecodonts rarely occur in the material studied but no representative of Chitinozoans encountered. Based on the known stratigraphic distribution of taxa such as Cymatiosphaera perimembrana, Chomotriletes vedugensis, Deltotosoma intonsum, Papulogabata annulata, Tornacia sarjeantii, Unellium lunatum, Unellium piriforme, Retispora lepidophyta, Geminospora lemurata, Retusotriletes rugulatus, Grandispora cornuta, Grandispora sp. cf. G. gracilis the Geirud Formation is attributed to the Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian). Occurrence, in the material studied, of microphytoplankton cysts with relatively thin eilyma and ±circular, psilate or sculptured vesicle indicates deposition in a shallow, marginal marine depositional setting. Presence of Geminospora lemurata in majority of the samples refers to the occurrence of progymnosperms and that of poorly preserved Lepidodendrales to that of lycopodophytes in contemporaneous land vegetation. Affinity of sporae dispersae in the Geirud palynoflora indicates that fern allies such as Equisetopsida, Lycopodopsida, Rhyniopsida, and Progymnosperms were represented in the land vegetation. Relative abundance of Geminospora lemurata and spores attributed to lycopodophytes imply domination of the land vegetation by lycopodohytes and progymnosperms.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55000_18a24e86bb8a45e8e8f2c74c793f3f1d.pdf
2011-05-22
47
54
10.22071/gsj.2011.55000
Palaeoecology
Palynomorphs
Plant megafossils
Late Devonian
East central Alborz
S. H.
Hashemi
hashemi@saba.tmu.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Fahimi
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
حسینی نژاد، م.، یزدی، م.، قبادی پور، م.، و غلامعلیان، ح.، 1386- چینهنگاری سنگهای دونین بالایی در برش کلاریز. فصلنامه علمی _ پژوهشی علوم زمین، شماره 63، صفحات 85-78.
2
علوینائینی، م.، 1372- چینهشناسی پالئوزوئیک ایران. سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، طرح تدوین کتاب زمینشناسی ایران، شماره 5، 492 صفحه.
3
شوشتری زاده، پ.، یزدی، م.، و ترابی دستگردوئی، ح.، 1384- معرفی و بررسی کنودونتهای دونین بالایی در مقطع تویه دروار. نهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، صفحات 282-271.
4
فهیمی، م.، 1385- پالینولوژی سازند جیرود در مقطع چینهشناسی دروار، غرب دامغان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، 140 صفحه.
5
مسعودی، م. ع.، 1384- پالینولوژی سازند جیرود در مقطع چینهشناسی شهمیرزاد، شمال سمنان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، 81 صفحه.
6
هاشمی، س.ح. و تابع، ف.، 1384- پالینولوژی سازند جیرود در برش چینهشناسی غرب گرمابدر، شمال شرق تهران، نهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، صفحات 409-398.
7
هاشمی، س.ح. و فهیمی، م.، 1384- اسپورها و میکروفیتوپلانکتونهای سازند جیرود در برش چینهشناسی دروار، غرب دامغان، نهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران، صفحات 308-295.
8
هاشمی، س.ح. و قربانی نژاد، ط.، 1386-میکروفسیل های گیاهی سازند جیرود در برش چینهشناسی کوه پیغمبران، شمال شرق سمنان، یازدهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، صفحات 1739-1732.
9
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Bozorgnia, F., 1973- Paleozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of central and east Alborz Mountains, Iran. National Iranian Oil Company, Geology Laboratories, Publication no. 4, 185 p.
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Dashtban, H. & Racheboeuf, P., 2001- First occurrence of Echinocaridid phyllocarids (Crustacean) in the Famennian of Iran. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatshefte, pp. 58-94.
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Ghavidel-Syooki, M., 1994- Upper Devonian acritarchs and miospores from the Geirud Formation in Central Alborz rang, northern Iran: Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. 5(3): 103-122.
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Ghavidel-Syooki, M., 1995- Palynostratigraphy and palaeogeography of a Palaeozoic sequence in the Hassanakdar area, central AlborzRange, northern Iran: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 86: 91-109.
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Gray, J. & Boucot, A. J., 1972- Palynological evidence bearing on the Ordovician-Silurian paraconformity in Ohio. Bulletin of Geological Society of America, 83(5): 1299-1314.
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Hashemi, H. & Fahimi, M., 2006- Dictyotidium senticogremium sp. nov., a new prasinophyte (Chlorophyta) phycoma from the Upper Devonian of northern Iran. Micropaleontology, 52(1): 87-93.
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Hashemi, H. & Playford, G., 2005- Devonian spore assemblages of the Adavale Basin, Queensland (Australia): Descriptive systematics and stratigraphic significance. Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 37(3): 317-417.
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House, M. R., Scrutton, C. T. & Bassett, M. G., 1979- The Devonian System. A Palaeontological Association International Symposium. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 23: 353pp.
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Sartenaer, P., 1964- Découverte d’un niveau a plantes d’âge Famenňien supérieur dans l'Elburz central (Iran).Rivista Italiana Paleontologia e Stratigraphia, 70(4): 651-655.
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Staplin, F. L., 1961- Reef-controlled distribution of Devonian microplankton in Alberta. Palaeontology, 4(3): 392-424.
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Strother, P. K., 1996- Acritarchs. In: Jansonius, J. and McGregor, D.C. (eds.). Palynology: principles and applications, 1: 81-106. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.
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Thusu, B., 1972- Depositional environments of the Rochester Formation (Middle Silurian) in southern Ontario. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 42(4): 930-934.
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Traverse, A., 2007- Paleopalynology, 2nd edition. Springer Verlag, 813 p.
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Tyson, R. V., 1995- Sedimentary Organic Matter: Organic Facies and Palynofacies. Chapman & Hall, London, 615 p.
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Upshaw, C. F., 1964- Palynological zonation of the Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation near Dubios, Wyoming. In: Cross, A.T. (ed.): Palynology in oil exploration: a symposium. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, 11: 153-168.
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Wall, D., 1965- Microplankton, pollen, and spores from the Jurassic in Britain. Micropalaeontology, 11:151-190.
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Williams, G. L. & Sarjeant, W. A. S., 1967- Organic-walled microfossils as depth and shoreline indicators. Marine Geology, 5:389-412.
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Wood, G. D., Gabriel, A. M. & Lawson, J. C., 1996- Palynological techniques processing and microscopy. In: Jansonius, J.&McGregor, D.C. (eds.): Palynology: Principles and Applications. 1: 29-50. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Survey of Physical-Chemical Environment in Sungun Copper Porphyry Deposit with the Using of Minerals Properties in
the Copper Porphyry Deposits (North East of Tabriz)
Sungun Porphyry Copper Deposit is located about 130 km to the northeast of Tabriz, northeast Iran. This deposit contains 796 million tons of ore with 0.61% Cu, 0.01% Mo, 0.016 ppm Au, 9.75 ppm Bi and Re (0.09 wt% of molybdenite). This research studies the physico-chemical environment using the chemical properties of minerals of this deposit. This deposit is related to granodiorite-diorite dikes and granodiorite stock that intruded into sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Cretaceous and Eocene. Dominant alterations are potassic, phyllic, argillic and propylitic from center outward which are characteristics of continental margin porphyry copper deposits. Simultaneously with the supergene mineralization, an iron cap of iron oxides, iron hydroxides, copper oxides, sulfates, carbonates and copper phosphates were developed on top of the deposit and along the fractures. In conclusion, based on mineral chemistry, in 450 ºC and 0.5 kb pressure (PT condition of potassic zone), sulfur fugacity and pH is determined to be as: log¦S2=-18 to -24 an pH=2.5 to 7.5. In 350 ºC and 0.5 kb pressure (PT condition of phyllic zone), oxygen and sulfur fugacities are: logƒO2= -20 to -33 and log¦S2=-6 to -15.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55004_a568639838d3dd999e630733dd45fe9b.pdf
2011-05-22
47
54
10.22071/gsj.2011.55004
Sungun
Iran
Porphyry
copper
M.
Mohamadian
1
epartment of Geology, Faculty of basic sciences, University of Systan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Boomeri
boomeri@science.usb.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of basic sciences, University of Systan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Ahmadi
aahmadi@science.usb.ac.ir
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of basic sciences, University of Systan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
AUTHOR
A. A.
Moridi Farimani
aamoridi@science.usb.ac.ir
4
Department of Geology, Faculty of basic sciences, University of Systan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Daglas
5
Micro Analysis office, New Brunswick university, Fredericton, Canada.
AUTHOR
M.
Jamali
6
Department of Geology, Faculty of basic sciences, University of Systan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1364- نقشه تقسیمبندی زونهای ساختاری ایران، مقیاس 1:200000.
2
خوئی، ن.، فارسی نیا، ع.،1372- سونگون نگینی دیگر برکمربند مس، فصلنامه علوم زمین، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
3
سازمان نقشهبرداری کشور، 1384- نقشه راههای استان آذربایجان شرقی، مقیاس 1:5000.
4
موسوی حرمی، ر.، 1367- رسوب شناسی، موسسه چاپ و انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی.
5
مهرپرتو، م. و ترکیان، م.، 1372- پژوهشی در سیالات درگیر نهشتههای مس- مولیبدن پورفیری سونگون، فصلنامه علوم زمین، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
6
References
7
Aoki, K. & Shiba, I., 1973- Pyroxenes from Inerzolite inclusions of Itinom e-gata, Japan. Lithos, 6: 41-51.
8
Barnes, H. L., 1967- Geo Chemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, 404-460 p.
9
Calagari, A. A., 1997- Geochemical, Stable isotope, noble gas, and fluid inclusion studies of mineralization and alteration at Sungun porphyry copper deposit, East Azarbaidgan, Iran: Implication for genesis, PhD Thesis, Manchester University, 537 p.
10
Calagari, A. A., Hosseinzadeh, GH., 2005- The mineralogy of copper-bring Skarn to the east of the Sungun-Chay river, East Azarbaidjan, Iran. Asian Earth Sciences.
11
Cepedal, A., Martin-Izard, A., Roguilon, R., Rodriguez, L., Spiering, E. & Gonzales-Nistal, S., 2000- Origin and evolution of the calcic and magnesian skarns hosting the El Valle-Boinas Copper-gold deposit, Asturias (Spain). Geochemical exploration, 71: 119-151.
12
Hezarkhani, A., Williams-Jones, A. E. & Gammons, C., 1998- Controls of altretion and mineralization in the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran, Economic Geology, 93: 651-670.
13
Hezarkhani, A., Williams-Jones, A. E. & Gammons, C., 1999 - Factors controlling copper solubility and chalcopyrite deposition in the sungun porphyry copper deposit, Iran, Mineralium Deposita, 34: 770-783.
14
Hezarkhani, A., 2002- Mass changes during hydrothermal alteration /mineralization in a porphyry copper deposit, eastern Sungun, north western Iran, Department of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University, Asian Earth Sciences.
15
Hezarkhani, A., 2005- Petrology of the intrusive rocks within the Sungun Porphyry Copper Deposit,Azerbaijan, Iran, Department of Mining, Metaiiugy and Petroleum Enginering, Amirkabir University, Asian Earth Sciences.
16
Lowell, J. D., 1974- Variations in zoning patterns in porphyry copper deposits. Canadian Institute of mining and metallurgy Bulletin, 99 p.
17
Ohmoto, H. & Rye, R. O., 1979- Isotopes of sulfur and carbon, in New York, Rinehart and Winston, 509 p.
18
Parsons, A. B., 1933- The Porphyry copper, New York, 581 p.
19
Scott, S. D., 1973- Experimental calibration of the Sphalerite geobarometer., Economic Geology, 68: 466-474.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Investigation into the Activity of the Neyshabour Fault, Khorasane Province, Iran
Neyshabour (approximately 200,000 pop.) lies on the southern margin of the Binalud mountains in NE Iran. The city has been destroyed four times by major historical earthquakes (in 1209, 1270, 1389 and 1405 A.D.).Three large faults occur in the region. The Binalud and North Neyshabur faults lie at the foot of the Binalud range north of Neyshabour. The Neyshabour fault lies within the valley west of Neyshabour. The Neyshabour fault, which lies 10 km south of the North Neyshabur fault, is 50 km long thrust. At each end of the Neyshabour fault two young, 10 km-long, thrust segments occur. It is close to Neyshabour city; and is a probable source of the 1209 and 1405 earthquakes. It poses a substantial seismic risk to the city because of the potential for future activity. Slip rate is one of the important parameters for seismic hazard assessment which was determined using SRTM for offset measurement and OSL for age calculation. Luminescence was measured through 7 mm Hoya U-340 filters in a Risø (Model TL/OSL-DA-15) automated TL/OSL system. The equivalent dose (De) was obtained using the conventional quartz single aliquot regeneration method (Murray and Wintle, 2000). Twelve aliquots have been processed for the sample, of which only the aliquots were accepted that satisfied the SAR restrictions. De was estimated using analyst program. Age was calculated using a weighted mean De for the sample. The Dose rate was obtained using uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations, which were measured by Micro Nomand portable gamma spectrometer in field. The results are presented in Table 1. Dividing the displacement by the minimum and the maximum ages provided the slip rate to be 0.1-0.2mm/yr.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55006_436dc1ba79302a69e159f3a291bed86a.pdf
2011-05-22
55
60
10.22071/gsj.2018.55006
Dating
Optical Stimulated Luminescence
Active fault
Slip Rate
Neyshabour Fault
M.
Fattahi
1
Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Rostami Mehraban
srmehraban@ut.ac.ir
2
Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Talebian
morteza100@yahoo.com
3
Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Bahroudi
bahroudi@ut.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Mining Engineering, Engineering University collage, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
J.
Hollingsworth
5
Earth Scienice Department, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
AUTHOR
R.
Walker
6
Earth Scienice Department, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقا نباتی، س. ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی ایران، 586 صفحه.
2
بدخشان ممتاز، ق.، 1371- بررسی ساختاری و مطالعه لرزهخیزی شمال غرب نیشابور، چهار گوش بزغان، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم، گروه زمینشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال.
3
بربریان، م.، قرشی، م.، شجاع طاهری، ج. و طالبیان، م.، 1378- پژوهش و بررسی نوزمینساخت و خطر زمینلرزه-گسلش در گستره مشهد- نیشابور، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، کتاب شماره 72.
4
رده، الف.، 1370- تاریخ زمینلرزههای ایران، انتشارات آگاه. ترجمه کتاب A history of Persian earthquakes، Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P..
5
شجاع طاهری، ج.، قرشی، م.، 1381- بررسی خطر زمینلرزه-گسلش در گستره مشهد- نیشابور، مجله علوم زمین سال یازدهم ، شماره 46 – 45 ، صفحه 28-22.
6
References
7
Berberian , M. & Yeats, R., 1999- Patterns of historical earthquake rupture in the Iranian Plateau, Bulletein of the Seismological Society of America, 89, 120-139.
8
Fattahi, M. & Walker, R., 2007. Luminescence dating of the last earthquake of the Sabzevar thrust fault, NE Iran. Quaternary Geochronology 2, 284–289.
9
Fattahi, M., Walker, R., Hollingsworth, J., Bahroudi, A., Nazari, H., Talebian, M., Armitage, S. & Stokes, S., 2006- Holocene slip-rate on the Sabzevar thrust fault, NE Iran, determined using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) , Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245 (3–4), 673–684.
10
Fattahi M., Walker, R. T., Khatib, M. M., Dolati, A. & Bahroudi, A., 2007- Slip-rate estimates and past earthquakes on the Doruneh fault, eastern Iran. Geophys. J. Int., 168, 691-709.
11
Hessami, K., Nilforoushan, F. & Talbot, C. J., 2006- Active deformation within the Zagros mountains deduced from GPS measurements. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 163, 143–148.
12
Hollingsworth, J., Jackson, J., Walker, R., Gheitanchi, M., & Bolourchi, M., 2006- Strike-slip faulting, rotation, and along-strike elongation in the Kopeh Dagh mountains, NE Iran, Geophysical Journal International, 166, 1161–1177.
13
Hollingsworth, J., Jackson, J., Walker, R. & Nazari, H., 2008- Extrusion tectonics and subduction in the eastern South Caspian region since 10 Ma, Geology, 36(10), 763–766.
14
Hollingsworth, J., Fattahi, M., Walker, R., Talebian, M., Bahroudi, A., Bolourchi, M. J., Jackson, J. & Copley, A., 2010- Oroclinal bending, distributed thrust and strike-slip faulting, and the accommodation of Arabia-Eurasia convergence in NE Iran since the Oligocene, Geophysical Journal International.
15
Jackson, J. & McKenzie, D., 1984- Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan Belt between western Turkey and Pakistan, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 77(1), 185–264.
16
Jackson, J., Haines, J. & Holt, W., 1995- The accommodation of Arabia–Eurasia plate convergence in Iran, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(B8), 15205–15219.
17
Jackson, J., Priestley, K., Allen, M. & Berberian, M., 2002- Active tectonics of the SouthCaspianBasin, Geophysical Journal International, 148, 214–245.
18
Masson, F., Anvari, M., Djamour, Y., Walpersdorf, A., Tavakoli, F., Daigni`eres, M., Nankali, H. & van Gorp, S., 2007- Large-scale velocity field and strain tensor in Iran inferred from GPS measurements: new insight for the present-day deformation pattern within NE Iran, Geophysical Journal International, 170, 436–440.
19
Meyer, B. & Le Dortz, K., 2007- Strike-slip kinematics in Central and Eastern Iran: Estimating fault slip-rates averaged over the Holocene, Tectonics, 26, TC5009, doi:10.1029/2006TC002073.
20
Ritz, J. F., Nazari, H., Ghassemi, A., Salamati, R., Shafei, A., Solaymani, S. & Vernant, P., 2006- Active transtension inside central Alborz: A new insight into northern Iran-southern Caspian geodynamics, Geology, 34(6), 477–480.
21
Vernant, Ph., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbasi, M. R., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtiani, A., Tavakoli, F. & Chery, J., 2004- Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman. Geophys. J. Int. 157, 381–398.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Ground Motion Attenuation Relationship in the Tehran Region
Study of ground motion attenuation in Tehran region is a very important aspect of determining a more precise hazard map of the city. For the last 10 years, three short period seismic networks have been operating in the study region by the Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran (IGUT). We have selected 47 events recorded by IGUT stations during 1996-2004 to estimate attenuation parameters for the study area. The selected events have provided 480 records with good spatial resolution. Only records with signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 4 have been selected. To find the distances at which the nature of geometrical spreading attenuation (R-b) changes significantly, we use a local regression smoothing method called Robust Lowess. It is found that a tri-linear function having hinges at distances about 106±10 and 191±10 km describes the geometric spreading attenuation with distance. Using a tri-linear regression analysis, we found that b1=1.1±0.1, b2=-0.4±0.1, b3=0.5 minimize the average absolute value of the residuals at a frequency of 4 Hz. The remaining attenuation is assumed to be caused by anelasticity. Using anelastic attenuation at different frequencies, the quality factor in Tehran region is obtained as .
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55009_e32a2b4f3a0a7558a86b47dac0c66e9b.pdf
2011-05-22
61
66
10.22071/gsj.2018.55009
Attenuation Law
Anelasticity
Geometric Spreading
Quality factor
Robust Lowess Algorithm
Tehran Region
Kh.
Motaghi
khalil1024@yahoo.com
1
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. R.
Ghods
aghods@iasbs.ac.ir
2
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
H. R.
Siahkoohi
3
Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
زارع، م.، 1384- مقدمهای بر زلزلهشناسی کاربردی، پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله.
2
قاسمی، ه.، کمالیان، ن.، حمزه لو، ح.، بیت الهی، ع.، 1384- تعیین فاکتور کیفیت امواج برشی مستقیم،Qβ، در منطقه البرز به کمک دادههای میدان نزدیک حرکت نیرومند زمین لرزه کجور در محدوده بسامدی 1 تا 32 هرتز، مجله فیزیک زمین و فضا، 31،103- 112.
3
نظام الاسلامی، ح .، 1382- تعیین فاکتور کیفیت برای پیرامون تبریز، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، مؤسسه ژئوفیزیک دانشگاه تهران.
4
References
5
Ambraseys, N. N., Douglas J. & Sarma S. K., 2005- Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the Middle East: horizontal peak ground acceleration and spectrul acceleration, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 3:1-53.
6
Atkinson, G. & Mereu R., 1992- The shape of ground motion attenuation curves in southeastern Canada, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 82: 2014–2031.
7
Atkinson, G. M., 2004- Empirical attenuation of ground-motion spectral amplitudes in southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 94: 1079–1095.
8
Boore, D. M., 2004- Can site response be predicted?, J. Earthquake Engineering, 8: Special Issue 1
9
Burger, R., Somerville, P., Barker, J., Herrmann, R. & Helmberger, D., 1987- The effect of crustal structure on strong ground motion attenuation relations in eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77: 420–439.
10
Cleveland, W. S., 1979- Robust Locally Weighted Regression and Smoothing Scatterplots, Jour. Am. Statist. Assoc., 74: 829–836.
11
Ghods, A. & Sobouti, F., 2005- Quality assessment of seismic recording: Tehran seismic telemetry network, Asian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25: 687-694
12
Gupta, S. C., Singh, V. N. & Kumar, A., 1994- Attenuation of coda waves in the Garhwal Himalaya, India: Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 87, 247-253.
13
Hatzidimitriou, P., Papazachos, C., Kiratzi, A. & Theodulidis, N., 1993- Estimation of attenuation structure and local earthquake magnitude based on acceleration records in Greece. Tectonophys, 217 , 243-253.
14
Hessami, H., Jamali, F. & Tabassi, H., 2003-Major Active Fault of Iran, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran
15
Martynov, V. G., Vernon, F. L., Mellors, R. J. & Pavlis, G. L., 1999- High-Frequency Attenuation in the Crust and Upper Mantle of the Northern Tien Shan, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89: 215-238
16
Motazedian, D., 2006- Region-Specific Key Seismic Parameters for Earthquakes in Northern Iran, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 96: doi: 10.1785/0120050162
17
Ou, G. & Herrmann, R., 1990- A statistical model for peak ground motion from local to regional distances, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 80: 1397–1417.
18
Polatidis, A., Kiratzi, A., Hatzidimitriou, P. & Margaris, B., 2003- Attenuation of shear waves in the back-arc region of the Hellenic arc for frequencies from 0.6 to 16 Hz. Tectonophys, 367 , 29-40.
19
Shoja-Taheri, J., Naserieh, S. & Ghofrani, H., 2007- ML and MW scales in the Iranian Plateau based on the strong motion records, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 97: 661-669.
20
Yoshimoto, K., Sato, H. & Ohtake, M., 1993- Frequency-dependent attenuation of P and S waves in Kanto area, Japan, based on the coda-normalization method: Geophys. J. Int., 114 , 165-174.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geochemical Studies of Permian Bauxite-Kaolin Deposits in North of Saqqez, Kordestan Province
Depositional cessations during Permian period in north of Saqqez were associated with development of lenses of bauxite-kaolin ores in Ruteh carbonate formation. In one of these lenses considered, six lithologic units were recognized which are from bottom to the top, (1) dark brown red, (2) violet, (3) multicolor, (4) pink (5) yellow, and (6) white (kaolin). Calculations of absolute weathering index for these units indicate that elements such as Si, Na, K, P, Mn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Lu were leached during the weathering processes from basaltic rocks and elements such as Th, U, Y, Nb, Hf, Zr, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb enriched. Whereas, elements such as Al, Fe, Ti, Rb, V, Cr, Ni, Co, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd have born leaching-fixation processes during the development of the weathered profile. The obtained results show that processes such as adsorption, scavenging and concentration by Fe-oxides and hydroxides, stability of metal-carrying complexes, variations in chemistry of weathering solutions, the presence of organic matters, fixation in neomorph phases, and the presence in the resistant mineral phases were the important factors that have played pronounced roles in distribution of elements in these deposits.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55040_0d35ca269703c355b2df13115c88be34.pdf
2011-05-22
67
74
10.22071/gsj.2011.55040
Bauxitization
Kaolinization
North of Saqqez
Mass changes
Distribution of Elements
A.
Abedini
abedini2020@yahoo.com
1
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. A.
Calagari
calagaria@yahoo.com
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افتخارنژاد، ج.، 1355- نقشه زمینشناسی مهاباد به مقیاس 1:250000. انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
اکبرپور، ا.، 1375- بررسی زمینشناسی اقتصادی بوکسیتهای منطقه سقز. رساله کارشناسی ارشد زمینشناسی دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران شمال، 210ص.
3
حریری، ع.، فرجندی، ف.، واعظیپور، م.، صادقی، ا.، 1382- گزارش شرح نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 سقز. سازمان زمین شناسی کشور.
4
عابدینی، ع.، 1387- بررسی کانیشناسی، ژئوشیمی و ژنز نهشتههای بوکسیتی- لاتریتی پرمین تا تریاس در شمال غرب ایران. رساله دکتری گروه زمینشناسی دانشگاه تبریز، 184ص.
5
عابدینی، ع.، کلاگری، ع.ا.، 1388- کانیشناسی و خاستگاه نهشتههای بوکسیتی پرمین در شمال سقز، استان کردستان.
6
مجله بلورشناسی و کانیشناسی ایران، سال هفدهم، شماره 4، ص 503-518.
7
References
8
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9
Braun, J. J., Ngoupayou, J. R. N., Vires, J., Dupre, B., Bedimo, J. P. B., Boeglin, J. L., Robain, H., Nyeck, B., Freydier, R., Nkamdjou, L. S., Rouiller, J. & Muller, J. P., 2005- Present weathering rates in a humid tropical watershed: Nsimi, South Cameroon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69, 357-387.
10
Cantrell, K. J. & Byrne, R. H., 1987- Rare earth element complexation by carbonate and oxalate ions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 597-605.
11
Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. & Zussmann, J., 1992- The rock forming minerals. Longman, London, 720 p.
12
Dupre, B., Vires, J., Dandurand, J. L., Polve, M., Benezeth, P., Vervier, P. & Braun, J. J., 1999- Major and trace elements associated with colloids in organic-rich river waters: ultra-filtration of natural and spiked solutions. Chemical Geology 160, 63-80.
13
Eftekhar-nezhad, J., 1973- Geology of the Mahabad Quadrangle. Geological survey of Iran.
14
Gouveia, M. A., Prudencio, M. I., Figueiredo, M. O., Pereira, L. C. J., Waerenborgh, J. C., Morgado, I., Pena, T. & Lopes, A., 1993- Behaviour of REE and other trace and major elements during weathering of granitic rocks, Evora, Portugal. Chemical Geology 107, 293-296.
15
Henderson, P., 1984- Rare earth element geochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
16
Hudson, E. A., Terminello, L. J., Viani, B. E., Denecke, M., Reich, T. & Allen, P. G., 1999- The structure of U6+ sorption complexes on vermiculite and hydrobiotite. Clays and Clay Minerals 47, 439-457.
17
Kamineni, D. C. & Eftekhar-nezad, J., 1977- Mineralogy of the Permian laterite of NW Iran. Tschemaks Min. Petr. Mitt 24, 195-204.
18
Karadag, M., Kupeli, S., Arik, F., Ayhan, A., Zedef, V. & Doyen, A., 2009- Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and genetic implications of the Mortas bauxite deposit (Seydisehir/Konya-southern Turkey. Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry 69, 143-159.
19
Koppi, A. J., Edis, R., Foeld, D. J., Geering, H. R., Klessa, D. A., Cockayne, D. J. H., 1996- REEs trends and Ce-U-Mn associations in weathered rock from Koongarra, northern territory, Australia, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, 1695-1707.
20
Laskou, M. & Economou-Eliopoulos, M., 2007- The role of microorganisms on the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Parnassos-Ghiona bauxite deposits, Greece. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 93, 67-77.
21
Mameli, P., Mongelli, G., Oggiano, G. & Dinelli, E., 2007- Geological, geochemical and mineralogical features of some bauxite deposits from Nurra (western Sardinia, Italy): insights on conditions of formation and parental affinity. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96, 887-902.
22
Marques, J. J., Schulze, D. G., Curi, N., Mertzman, S. A., 2004- Trace element geochemistry in Brazilian Cerrado soils. Geoderma 121, 31-43.
23
Muggler, C. C., 1998- Polygenetic oxisols on Tertiary surfaces, Minas Gerais Brazil. Ph.D thesis. Wageningen University, Netherlands.
24
Murakami, T., Ohnuki, T., Isobe, H. & Sato, T., 1997- Mobility of Uranium during weathering. American Mineralogist 82, 888-899.
25
Nesbitt, H. W. & Markovics, G., 1997- Weathering of granodioritic crust, long-term storage of elements in weathering profiles and petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, 1653-1670.
26
Patino, L. C., Velbel, M. A., Price, J. R. & Wade, J. A., 2003- Trace element mobility during spheroidal weathering of basalts and andesites in Hawaii and Guatemala. Chemical Geology 202, 343-364.
27
Plank, T. & Langmuir, C. H., 1988- The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145, 325-394.
28
Schwertmann, U. & Pfab, G., 1996- Structural V and Cr in lateritic iron oxides: genetic implications. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, 4279-4283.
29
Sparks, D. L., 1995- Environmental soil chemistry. Academic Press, New York, 267p.
30
Taboada, T., Cortizas, A. M., Garcia, C. & Garcia-Rodeja, E., 2006- U and Th in weathering and pedogenetic profiles developed on granitic rocks from NW Spain. Science of the Total Environmental 356, 192-206.
31
Van Der Weijden, C. H. & Van Der Weijden, R. D., 1995- Mobility of major and some redox-sensitive trace element and rare-earth elements during weathering of four granitoids in central Portugal. Chemical Geology 125, 149-167.
32
Viers, J., Dupre, B., Braun, J. J., Deberdt, S., Angeletti, B., Ngoupayou, J. N. & Michard, A., 2000- Major and trace element abundance, and strontium isotopes in the Nyong basin rivers (Cameroon): constraints on chemical weathering processes and elements transport mechanisms in humid tropical environments. Chemical Geology 169, 211–241.
33
Wimpenny, J., Gannoun, A., Burton, K. W., Widdowson, M., Jamed, R. H., Gilason, S. R., 2007- Rhenium and Osmium isotope and elemental behaviour of India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 261, 239-258.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Structural Evidences of Continental Transpression in the Birk Area(SE Iran)
Some structural evidences of continental transpression are studied and compared with experimental modeling results in the Birk area. These evidences are: fold axes have a double plunging en-echelon pattern. Fold axes mean orientations and fracture cleavages strike form angles less than 45 degrees with the boundary faults. Strike-slip faults have an en-echelon and domainal pattern. Synthetic P Shears are more abundant than synthetic R shears. Flat tension vein (and normal faults) planes lie at a high-angle with respect to folds axes and this condition proposes some amounts of hinge-parallel extensions. Inclined dextral layer-parallel detachment faults and related structures such as asymmetric dextrally verging minor folds, traspressional and trastensional faults and large-scale half flower structures are other structural features of dextral transpression. It is believed that partitioning of dextral component of wrench-dominated continental transpression is due to reactivation of N-S striking basement faults in late Neogene.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55043_d62f22933e0387d5694d0bdfc5e93190.pdf
2011-05-22
75
82
10.22071/gsj.2011.55043
Transpression
Sistan
Birk
E.
Moosavi
moosavi_eh@yahoo.com
1
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
سامانی، ب.، اشتری، م.، 1371- تکوین زمینشناسی ناحیه سیستان و بلوچستان، فصلنامه علوم زمین، شماره4، ص26-14.
2
شهرابی، م.، 1373- شرح نقشه زمینشناسی 1:250000 چهارگوش ا...آباد، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 41ص.
3
شهریاری، س.، خطیب، م. م.، 1376- تحلیل فرکتالی سیستم گسله نهبندان، فصلنامه علوم زمین، شماره23-24، ص39-32.
4
شهیدی، ع.، 1381- بررسی چینهشناختی و تکتونواستراتیگرافی سنگنهشتههای منطقه بیرجند، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشکده علوم زمین سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، ص167.
5
قرشی، م.، واعظی پو، ج.، 1365- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 کارواندر، شماره8145، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
6
موسوی، ا.، 1384- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 بیرک1، شماره8215 ، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
7
نبوی، م. ح.، 1355- دیباچه ای بر زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 109ص.
8
نظری، ح.، 1377- زمینشناسی ساختمانی گسله قلعه سرخ- نوزاد خاور بیرجند (سربیشه)، فصلنامه علوم زمین، شماره29-30، ص85-74.
9
References
10
Berberian, M., Jackson, J. A., Qorashi, M., Talebian, M., Khatib, M. & Peristly, K., 2000-The 1994 Sefidabeh earthquakes in eastern Iran: blind thrusting and bedding- plane slip on a growing anticline, and active tectonics the Sistan suture zone,Geophys. J. Int, 142: 283-299.
11
Berberian, M. & King, G. C., 1981- Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran, Canadaian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 210-265.
12
Camp, V. E. & Griffis. R. J., 1982- Character, genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan sucture zone, Eastern Iran, Lithos, 15, 3: 221-239.
13
Eftekharnezhad, J., Lioyd. B., Squire, A ., Odinga, M., McCormic, C. & Griffiths, P., 1987- Geological map of Nareh-Now quadrangle-Scale 1:250000, No. M-12, GSI.
14
Fossen, H., Tikoff, B. & Teyssier, C., 1994- Strain modeling of transpressional and transtensional deformation, Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 74: 134-145.
15
Goscombe, B., Hand, M., Gray, D. & Mawby, J., 2003- The metamorphic architecture of a transpressional orogen; the Kaoko Belt. Namibia, Jornal of Petrology, 44, 4: 125-138.
16
Harland, W. B., 1971- Tectonic transpression in Caledonian Spitzbergen, Geological Magazine, 108: 27-42.
17
James, A. I. & Watkinson, J., 1994- Initiation of folding and boudinage in wrench shear and transpression, Journal of Structural Geology, 16, 6, 883-893.
18
Jamison, W. R., 1991- Kinematics of compressional fold development in convergent wrench terranes, Tectonophysics, 190: 209-232.
19
Jones, R. R., Holdworth, R. E., Clegg, P., McCaffrey, K. & Tavernelli, E., 2004- Inclined Transpression, Journal of Structural Geology, 26: 1531-1548.
20
Jones, R. R. & Tanner, P. G., 1995- Strain partitioning in transpression zones, Journal of Structural Geology, 17: 793-802.
21
Keller, J. V. A., Hall, S. H. & McClay, K. R., 1997- Shear fracture pattern and microstructural evolution in transpressional fault zones from field and laboratory studies, Journal of Structural Geology, 19, 9: 1531-1548.
22
McCall, G. J. H., 1997- The geotectonic history of the Makran and adjacent areas of southern Iran, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 15, 6: 517-531
23
McCall, G. J. H., Eftekharnezhad, J., Kidd, R. G. W., Haligan, R., Kousha, N., Lloyd, B., McCormic, C., Malett, C. W., Morgan, K. H., Nuun, G. A. G., Deighton, I., Rosario, P. C., Doepel, M. G., Forte, W. S., Jones, D. R., Spencer, L. k., Odinga, M., Squire, A., Porter, D. J., Stanistreet, I. G. & Redfern, P., 1994- Explanatory text of the Saravan quadrangle map scale 1:250000,No: M-13, GSI, 246p.
24
Richard, P., Mocquet, B. & Cobbold, P., 1991- Experiment on simultaneous faulting and folding above a basement wrench fault, Tectonophysics, 188:133-141.
25
Schreurs, W. P. & Colletta, B., 2002- Analogue modelling of Continental Transpression, Journal of the virtual Explorer, 6: 67-78.
26
Sadeghian, M., Bouchez, L. J., Nedelec, A., Siqueira, R. & Valizadeh, M. V., 2005- The granite pluton of Zahedan(SE Iran): a petrological and magnetic fabric study of a syntectonic sill emplaced in transtensional setting, Jounal of Asian Earth Science, 25: 301-327.
27
Tavernelli, E., Holdworth, R. E., Clegg, P., Jones, R. R. & McCaffrey, K. J. W., 2004- The anatomy and evolution of a transpressional imbricate zone: sothern Upland, Scotland, Journal of Structural Geology, 26: 134-136.
28
Tikoff, B. & Peterson, K., 1998- Physical experiments of transpressional folding, Journal of Structural Geology, 20, 6: 661-672.
29
Tirrul, R., Griffis, R. J., Bell, I. R. & Camp, V. E., 1983- The sistan suture zone of eastern Iran, Geological society of American bulletin, 94: 134-150.
30
Walker, R. & Jackson, J., 2004- Active tectonics and late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran, Tectonics, 23: TC5010,doi: 10.1029/2003TC001529.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nannostratigraphy of Sarcheshmeh and Sanganeh Formations, West of Kopet Dagh Basin (Takal Kuh Section)
The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary succession of western Kopet Dagh Basin (Sarcheshmeh and Sanganeh formations) was investigated. Taking into account the considerable thickness of the studied section (1668 m) and the possibility of recording all the important events, determination of calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was put on the agenda. This resulted in recognition of NC5, NC6 and NC7A nannofossil zones. Accordingly the age of the Sarcheshmeh Formation within the studied section is determined as Late Barremian- Early Aptian while the age of the Sanganeh Formation is late Early Aptian- early Late Aptian. The calcareous nannofossil assemblage of Sarcheshmeh and Sanganeh Formations has a Tethyan affinity with abundant warm-water varieties such as Rhagodiscus spp. and Nannoconus spp. while the cold-water species like Repagulumparvidentatum and Seribiscutum spp. are rare.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55045_4577f619d6c3bbd2a2f34610a6fc1517.pdf
2011-05-22
83
94
10.22071/gsj.2011.55045
Kopet Dagh
Sarcheshmeh Formation
Sanganeh Formation
Calcareous Nannofossils
Late Barremian- Aptian
A.
Mahanipour
1
Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Kani
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M. H.
Adabi
rakhshande.abasi@gmail.com
3
Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
S. N.
Raisossadat
4
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افشارحرب، ع.، 1373- زمینشناسی ایران، زمینشناسی کپهداغ. سازمان زمینشناسی کشور. 275 صفحه.
2
دهقان، ف.، 1381- بایواستراتیگرافی سازند سرچشمه بر اساس نانوپلانکتونهای آهکی در مقطع تیپ (کپهداغ مرکزی)؛ پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، 131 صفحه.
3
شکری، م. ح.، 1379- بایواستراتیگرافی سازند سرچشمه بر مبنای نانوپلانکتونهای آهکی (65 کیلومتری شمالشرق مشهد) در مقطع تیپ. رساله کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
4
هادوی، ف. و شکری، م.، 1385- بایواستراتیگرافی سازند سرچشمه بر مبنای نانوپلانکتونهای آهکی در برش آتشگان و امیرآباد (رشته کوه کپهداغ)؛ دهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، صفحه 219.
5
هادوی، ف. و بداقی، ف.، 1385- بایواستراتیگرافی سازند سنگانه بر مبنای نانوپلانکتونهای آهکی در مقطع امیرآباد و مزدوران؛ دهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، صفحه 206.
6
References
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Afshar-Harb, A., 1979- The stratigraphy, tectonics and petroleum geology of the Kopet Dagh region, northern Iran, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, 316 pp.
8
Aguado, R., 1993- Nannofósiles del Cretácico de la Cordillera Bética. Bioestratigrafía. PhD thesis, Dpt. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 413 pp., 37 pls (Universidad de Granada, Granada).
9
Aguado, R., Castro, J. M., Company, M. & Alfonso de Gea, G., 1999- Aptian bioevents _ an integrated biostratigraphic analysis of the Almadich Formation, Inner prebetic Domain, SE Spain. Cretaceous Research, 20, 663- 683.
10
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68
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Validation Study of Linear and Nonlinear Kriging Estimator on Ore-waste Grade Control Process
Facing to unsatisfied results in grade-tonnage estimation especially in dynamic programming is always being a great problem in mining revenue operation. If the problem is to estimate a grade point only, linear kriging estimators can show accurate results. But if target is to achieve to probability distribution estimation of a spatial zone for considering ore-waste block mixing control, using linear kriging methods with minimum estimation variance can’t be applied for an appropriate results. Most of probability function is nonlinear, therefore estimation of these function by nonlinear estimator showed an accurate results. Main target of this paper is to achieve to the most exact ore-waste boundaries in 2462.5 benchmark of Sarcheshmeh copper mine using indicator kriging (IK) as nonlinear estimator and comparing with ordinary kriging (OK) as linear estimator to evaluate validity of linear estimator. Because of OK dependency to normal distribution data for a given minimum estimation variance, utility data have been separated to ore and waste group using geological map and mine-sight. After this separation ore groups was approached to normal distribution and OK estimator can be applied for estimation. 25629 blocks were estimated by these two kinds of estimators. IK estimator classified 2905 blocks of total blocks as waste blocks, but OK estimator showed 2475 blocks as waste block. Finally IK estimator recommended as best estimator for ore and waste block separation and after this process using ordinary kriging estimator almost gave more confident estimation in ore blocks grade control process.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55048_357114f2df6f97bd97feba34dc5edc35.pdf
2011-05-22
95
100
10.22071/gsj.2011.55048
Grade Control
indicator kriging
Ordinary Kriging
Indicator Variogram
Grade – Tonnage Curve
M.
Jalali
mohammadls2005@gmail.com
1
Mining engineering group, Engineering and Technical Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gh. R.
Rahimipour
2
Mining engineering group, Engineering and Technical Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
M. R.
Dianati
3
Rock controlling unit, Sarcheshmeh Complex, Rafsanjen, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Taghvayinejad
4
Mining engineering group, Engineering and Technical Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
References
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Bohling, G., 2005- Introduction to Geostatiatics and variogram analysis; Kansas geological survey, 20p
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Deutsch, C. V. & Journel, A. G., 1998- Geostatistical software library and user’s guide; Oxford university press, 325p
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11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geochemistry of Major Elements of Silisiclastic Deposites from Shirgesht Formation, in Kalmard Block, Centeral Iran, Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting,and Weathering Intensity
Geochemical analysis of major elements from 12 sampels from Shirgesht Formation sandstones and shales with Ordovicien age in sections of kuh-Asheghan and Kuh-Rahdar at Kalmard block in Central Iran zone, and plotting these data on silisiclastic rocks classification diagrams, show that they are quartzarenite and shale. Moreover, the use of discrimination, biplot triangular diagrams determined the quartzose recycled provenance (craton and recycled orogen) and passive margin tectonic setting for these deposites. These data suggest the quartzose sedimentary provenace for sandstones and intermediate to felsic ignious provenance for shale. Furthermore, determination of weathering influence in source area, by using CIA index, indicated that the source area of these deposites has been exposed to intense weathering. This can be explained by humid weather in source area of passive continental margin.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55051_db3b18870345aca3775aae9ebc6d5556.pdf
2011-05-22
101
112
10.22071/gsj.2011.55051
Geochemistry
Provenance
Quartzarenite
Shale
Passive Margin
A.
Bayet goll
aram1361@gmail.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Hosseini-Barzi
m_hosseini@sbu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Earth sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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McLennan, S. M., 1989- Rare Earth Elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. In: Lipin, B.R., Mackay, G.A. (Eds.), Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements. Min. Soc. Am., 21,. 169–200.
37
McLennan, S. M., Hemming, S., McDaniel, D. K. and Hanson, G. N., 1993- Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics. Processes Controlling the Composition of clastic sediments. GSA Special Paper, 284, Boulder, 21–40.
38
Nath, B. N., Kunzendorf, H. and Pluger, W. L., 2000- Influence of provenance, weathering and sedimentary processes on the elemental ratio of the fine-grained fraction of the bed load sediments from the Vembanad Lake and the adjoining continental shelf, southwest Coast of India. J. Sed. Res. 70, 1081–1094.
39
Nesbitt, H. W. and Young, G. M., 1982- Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from mayor element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299, 715–717.
40
Nesbitt, H. W. and Young, G. M., 1984- Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48, 1523–1534.
41
Nesbitt, H. W., 2003- Petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments and sedimentaryrocks. In: Lenz, D.R. (Ed.), Geochemistry of Sediments andSedimentary Rocks, Geotext4. Geological Association of Canada, Newfoundland, 39–51.
42
Nesbitt, H. W., Markovics, G. and Price, R. C., 1980- Chemical processes affecting alkalies and alkaline earths during continental weathering. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 44, 1659–1666.
43
North, C. P., Hole, M. J. and Jones, D. G., 2005- Geochemical correlation in deltaic successions: a reality check. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 117, 620-632.
44
Oase, S., Asiedu, D. K., Yakubo, B., Koeberl, C. and Dampare, S. B., 2006- Provenance and tectonic setting of Late Proterozoic Buem sandstones of southeastern Ghana: Evidence from geochemistry and detrital modes. J. Afri. Earth. Sci. 44, 85–96.
45
Ohta, T. and Sakai, T., 2004- Deep-marine sedimentation and sequence evolution of the Toyora Group in the Nagato Basin, Inner Zone of SW Japan. Special Issue, Journal of Geological Society of Thailand, No.1, 45–60.
46
Paikaray, S., Banerjee, S. and Mukherji, S., 2008- Geochemistry of shales from the Paleoproterozoic to NeoproterozoicVindhyan Supergroup: Implications on provenance,tectonics and paleoweathering. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32, 34–48.
47
Pettijohn, F. J., Potter, P. E. and Siever, R., 1987- Sand and Sandstone. (2nd ed.)Springer-Verlag, New York. 553.
48
Potter, P. E., 1978. Petrology and chemistry of modern Big River sands. J. Geol. 86, 423–449.
49
Rollinson, H. R., 1993- Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York. 352 pp.
50
Roser, B. P. and Korsch, R. J., 1986- Determination of tectonic setting,Roser, B. P.; Korsch, R. J. 1988: Provenance signatures o''sandstone-mudstone suites determined using discriminatefunction analysis of major element data. Chemical geolog 67: 119-139.
51
Roser, B. P. and Korsch, R. J., 1988- Provenance signature of sandstone-mudstone suite determined using discriminate function analysis of major element data. Chemical Geology. 67, pp. 119–139.
52
Schieber, J., 1992- A combined petrographical-geochemical provenance study of the Newland formation, Mid-Proterozoic of Montana. Geological Magazine 129, 223–237.
53
Suttner, L. J. and Dutta, P. K., 1986- Alluvial sandstone composition and palaeoclimate: framework mineralogy. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 56, 329–345.
54
Taylor, S, R. and McLennan, S., 1985- The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution, Blackwell, Oxford, 312.
55
Toulkeridis, T., Clauer, N., Kröner, A., Reimer, T. and Todt, W., 1999- Characterization, provenance, and tectonic setting of Fig Tree greywackes from the Archaen Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Sediment. Geol. 124, 113–129.
56
Wanas, H. A. and Abdel-Maguid, N. M., 2006- Petrography and geochemistry of the Cambro Ordovician Wajid Sandstone, southwest Saudi Arabia: Implications for provenance and tectonic setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 27, 416–429.
57
Young, G. M., 2002- Stratigraphic and tectonic settings of Proterozoic glaciogenic rocks and banded iron-formations: relevance to the snowball Earth debate. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35,451–466.
58
Zhang, K. L., 2004- Secular geochemical variations of the Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic from central Tibet (China) indicate a tectonic transition from continental collision to back-arc rifting. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 229, 73–89.
59
Zimmermann, U. and Bahlburg, H., 2003- Provenance analysis and tectonic setting of the Ordovician clastic deposits in the southern Puna Basin, NW Argentina. Sedimentology 50, 1079–1104.
60
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magmatic Origin and Tectonic Setting of the Eocene - Oligocene Volcanic and Plutonic Rocks from the Zand-Abad Area,
NW Ahar (Tarom-Qaredagh Zone)
The Zand-Abad area is located in NW Ahar of north Azerbaijan. Magmatic rocks in this area consists of granitoids including monzogranite, granodiorite, monzonite and syenogranite as well as mafic rocks mainly diorite and associated extrusive rocks as andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, trachydacite, rhyolite. Subvolcanic rocks are porphyritic diorite and porphyritic monzodiorite. According to the different geochemical studies, the tectonic environment of Zand-Abad volcanic and plutonic rocks is determined as continental arc setting related to dilatory creep down subduction. This will be interpreted in relation with the Neotethyse post-collision activities. Considering the mineralogy and chemical evidence, we suggest that the Zand-Abad magmatic rock types (i.e. volcanic, sub-volcanic and plutonic rocks) have been derived from single magmatic source and undergone fractional crystallization, magma mixing and crustal contamination, resulting from hybrid granitoids. Magmatic series of the different types of magmatic rocks is alkaline. Calc-alkaline and shoshonite property of some samples is interpreted related to magma mixing and crustal contamination processes.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55053_2b1ce1420e949e7bac585a127ca68c06.pdf
2011-05-22
113
120
10.22071/gsj.2011.55053
Dilatory Creep Down
Post-Collision Activity
Partial Melting
Fractional Crystallization
Magma mixing
Crustal contamination
Hybrid Magma
Zand-Abad
Tarom- Qaredagh zone
Z.
Azimzadeh
azimzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Department of Geoloy, Natural science faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. H.
Emami
hashememami@yahoo.com
2
Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Hajialioghli
hajialioghli@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Department of Geoloy, Natural science faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
عظیمزاده، ز.، 1378- بررسی پترولوژیکی سنگهای ولکانیکی و پلوتونیکی منطقه زندآباد (شمالغرب اهر) با نگرشی بر پتانسیل اقتصادی منطقه. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، 212ص.
2
لسکویه، جی. ال.، ریو، ار.، باباخانی، ا.، علوی تهرانی، ن.، نوگل، م. ا.، دیون، جی.، عمیدی، م.،1369- نقشه 250000/1 چهارگوش اهر. انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
3
مهرپرتو، م.، امینیفضل، آ.، رادفر، ج.، امامی، م.ه.، 1371- نقشه 100000/1 ورزقان. انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
4
ولی زاده، م.و.،1371- پترولوژی تجربی و تکتونیک کلی، جلد 2، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 568ص.
5
References
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Barbarin, B., 1999- A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 46,605-626.
7
Barker, R. G. , 1984- Field investigation, Wharekirauponga Gold Prospect, Coromandel Peninsula, unpublished company report, KRTA for Amoco Minerals.
8
Ewart, A., 1979- A review of the mineralogy and chemistry of Tertiary-recent dacitic, rhyolitic, and related salic volcanic rocks, in Barker, F., ed., Trondhjemites,Dacites, and Related Rocks: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 13–121.
9
Gill, J. B., 1981- Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics, pp390, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
10
Manier, P. & piccolo, Ph., 1989- Tectonic discrimination of granitiods. Geological society of America,V101.P635-643.
11
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13
Pearce, J. A., Harris, W. N. & Tindle, G. A., 1984- Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Geology, 25, 956-983.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mapping of Hydrothermally Altered Areas Using ASTER and ETM+ Data in Northern Half of Baft Geological Map
The study area covers the northern half of the Baft 1/100000 geological map in Dehaj-Sarduiyeh volcanic-sedimentary and ophiolitic belts. The aim of this research was application of multispectral ASTER and ETM+ data for determining the altered areas by using different image processing techniques. In order to separate altered zones, false color composite of the ratios was applied on ASTER data that separated propylitic and phyllic/argillic altered zones. Separation of carbonate areas from the altered areas was achieved by making false color composite ratios. Another method for separation of carbonate areas from the altered zone was by applying principal component analysis (PCA) on short wave bands of ASTER data. A color composite of PC2, PC3, -PC4 in red, green and blue respectively was useful for separating carbonate from altered areas. Spectral Angle mapper method was also used for recognizing and mapping the minerals such as muscovite, chlorite, kaolinite, calcite and epidote in altered zones. Sampling from the altered areas and their analysis showed that this method could be used for recognizing the minerals in the altered areas, if they have enough spatial extent.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55054_9ee4f715fd943fe486cf03384a51dc46.pdf
2011-05-22
121
128
10.22071/gsj.2011.55054
Aster
Etm+
Spectral Angle Mapper
Principal Components
Band Ratios
Baft
F.
Masoumi
masoumi61@gmail.com
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Ranjbar
h.ranjbar@mail.uk.ac.ir
2
Department of Mining Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اعلمی نیا، ز.، کریمپور، م. ح.، حیدریان شهری، م. ر.، 1389- زمینشناسی، دگرسانی و مطالعات ژئو شیمیایی در منطقه کلاته تیمور، شمال شرق ایران، مجله زمینشناسی اقتصادی، 1، صفحه 217-234.
2
رنجبر، ح. و شهریاری، ه.، 1385- مقایسه دادههای سنجنده ETM+ و سنجنده ASTER جهت نقشهبرداری مناطق دگرسان شده در بخش مرکزی کمربند دهج- ساردوییه استان کرمان. مجله بلورشناسی و کانیشناسی ایران. پاییز و زمستان 85. صفحه 367-382.
3
هنرمند، م. و رنجبر، ح.، 1384- کاربرد روشهای مختلف پردازش تصویر دادههایETM+ به منظور اکتشاف کانسارهای مس نوع پورفیری و رگهای در منطقه کوه ممزار-کوه پنج در استان کرمان. مجله علومزمین، 15، صفحه 110-127.
4
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Crosta, A. P., De Souza Filho, C. R., Azevedo, F. and Brodie, C., 2003- Targeting key alteration minerals in epithermal deposits in Patagonia, Argentina, using ASTER imagery and principal component analysis, , International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24: 4233–4240.
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Crosta, A. P. and Moore, J. McM., 1989- Enhancement of Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery for residual soil mapping in SW Minas Gerais State Brazil: a prospecting case history in greenstone belt terrain. Proceedings of the 9th Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology, pp.1173-1187.
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Crosta, A. P., Sabine, C. and Taranik, J. V., 1998- Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping at Bodie, California, using AVIRIS Hyperspectral Data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 65: 309-319.
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Dimitrijevic, M. D.,1977- Geology of Kerman region, Report YU/52, Iran, Geological Survey of Iran.
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Geological Survey of Iran (GSI), 1973- Exploration for ore deposit in Kerman Region. Geological Survey of Iran Report Yu/53, 220p.
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Gupta, R. P., 2003- Remote Sensing Geology, second edition, Springer Verlag, 655.
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Hubbard, B., E. & Crowley, J. K., 2005- Mineral Mapping on the Chilean-Bolivian Altiplano using Co-orbital ALI, ASTER and Hyperion imagery: Data dimensionality issues and solutions. Remote Sensing of Environment, 99:173-186.
17
Jensen, J., 2000- Remote sensing of the environment, an Earth resource perspective. Prantice Hall, New Jersey, 544p.
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Kruse, F. A., Boardman, J. W., Lefkoff, A. B., Heidebrecht, K. B., Shapiro, A. T., Barloon, P. J. and Goetz, A. F. H., 1993- The Spectral Image Processing System (SIPS) – Interactive Visualization and Analysis of Imaging Spectrometer Data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 44:145-163.
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Kruse, F. A., Raines, G. I. and Watson, K., 1985- Analytical techniques for extracting geologic information from multichannel airborne spectroradiometer and airborne imaging spectrometer data. In Proceedings of the 4th Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing of the Environment, Remote Sensing for exploration geology, Sanfransisco, California, 1-4 April, pp. 309-324.
20
Lillesand, T. M., Kiefer, R. W. and Chipman, J. M., 2004- Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, fifth edition, Wiley and Sons, 763p.
21
Livo, K. E., Clarck, R. N. and Knepper, D. H., 1993- Spectral plot program for accessing the USGS digital spectral library database with MS-DOS personal computers. USGS open-file 93-593. Denver, Colorado.
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Lowell, J. D. & Guilbert, J. M., 1970- Lateral and vertical alteration mineralization zoning in porphyry ore deposits, Economic Geology, 65:373–408.
23
Mars, J. C. and Rowan, J. C., 2006- Regional Mapping of phyllic- and argillic-altered rocks in the Zagros magmatic arc, Iran, using Advanced Space borne Thermal and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) data and logical operator algorithms. Geosphere, 2: 161-186.
24
Mars, J. C. and Rowan, L. C., 2010- Spectral assessment of new ASTER SWIR surface reflectance data products for spectroscopic mapping of rocks and minerals, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114: 2011-2025.
25
Moore, F., Rastmanesh, F., Asadi, H. and Modabberi, S., 2008- Mapping mineralogical alteration using principal-component analysis and matched filter processing in the Takab area, north-west Iran, from ASTER data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29: 2851–2867.
26
Ninomiya,Y. and Fu., B., 2005- Detecting Lithology with Advanced Space-borne thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) multispectral thermal infrared "radiance-at-sensor" data. Journal of remote sensing of Environment, 99: 127-139.
27
Ramadan T. M. and Kontny, A., 2004- Mineralogical and structural characterization of alteration zones detected by orbital remote sensing at Shalatein District, SE Desert, Egypt, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 40: 89–99.
28
Ranjbar , H., Honarmand, M. & Moezifar, Z., 2004- Application of the Crosta technique for porphyry copper alteration mapping, using ETM data in the southern part of the Iranian volcanic sedimentary belt, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24: 237-243.
29
Rowan, L.C. and Mars, J. C., 2003- Lithologic mapping in the mountain Pass, California area using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 84:350–366.
30
Rowan, L.C., Schmidt, R. G. & Mars, J. C., 2006- Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 104: 74–87.
31
Sabins, F., 1999- Remote sensing for mineral exploration, Ore Geology Reviews 14: 157–183.
32
Srdic, A., Dimitrijevic, M. N., Cvetic, S. & Dimitrijevic, M., D., 1972- Geological map of Baft, 1:100000, sheet series7348, Geological survey of Iran.
33
Tangestani, M. H, Mazhari, N., Agar, B. and Moore, F., 2008- Evaluating Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for alteration zone enhancement in a semiarid area, northern Shahr-e-Babak, SE Iran, International Journal of Remote Sensing . 29: 2833–2850.
34
Tangestani, M. H. and Moore, F., 2000- Iron-oxide and hydroxyl enhancement using the Crosta method: A case study from the Zagros Belt, Fars province, Iran, Journal of Applied Geosciences, 2: 140-146.
35
Yuhas, R. H., Goetz, A. F. H. and Boardman, J. W., 1992- Discrimination Among Semi-Arid Landscape Endmembers Using the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) Algorithm. Summaries of the 4th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop, JPL Publication, pp. 92-41.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ranking of Iran Minerals using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Mineral Resources which can be regarded as a best potential opportunity to sustainable development of the country. Consequently appropriate investment in exploitation of these reserves can achieve high value added to the most industries. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the priority of minerals for future investments. In this paper, the Analytical Hierarchy Process, in which a complex problem is modeled in a hierarchical structure showing the relationships of the goal, objectives (criteria) and alternatives, is used to recognize high priority 33 minerals for future investment with regards to the 6 criteria and 29 sub-criteria. For this purpose, on the bases of interview with mineral sector experts weights of criteria are calculated and then the piority of each mineral is determined for investments. The results show that copper, Iron, Phosphate, lead and zinc, coal, gold have high priority for future investments.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55057_f906e5ac9e1a327b896c8ba57e2c9699.pdf
2011-05-22
129
136
10.22071/gsj.2011.55057
Mineral ranking
Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Investment
Analytical Hierarchy Process
R. SH.
Shahabi
shahabi@mim.gov.ir
1
Iran University of Industries and Mines, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Kakaie
2
Faculty of Mining Engineering & Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H.
Basiri
3
Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اصغرپور، م. ج.، 1387- تصمیمگیری چند معیاره، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران
2
بصیری، م. ح.، 1383-گزارشات مطالعات تفضیلی 33 ماده معدنی ، طرح جامع معادن ایران، وزارت صنایع و معادن
3
دانشگاه صنایع و معادن ایران.، 1381- تعیین معیارهای مطلوبیت 9 ماده معدنی ، معاونت برنامهریزی توسعه و فناوری، وزارت صنایع و معادن
4
قدسیپور، ح.، 1381- تحلیل سلسله مراتبی، انتشارات دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران
5
References
6
Bottero, M. & Peila, D., 2005- The use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process for the comparison between microtunnelling and trench excavation, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 20(6): pp.501–513.
7
International Institute for Environment and Development and World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2002- Breaking new ground: The Report of the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project, Chapter 8, Minerals and Economic Development, pp. 4-5.
8
Kablan, M. M., 2004- Decision support for energy conservation promotion: an analytic hierarchy process approach, Energy Policy, 32: pp.1151–1158.
9
Kamal, M. Al-Subhi & Al-Harbi, 2001- Application of the AHP in project management, International Journal of Project Management, 19: pp.19-27.
10
Kazakidis, V. N., Mayer, Z. & Scoble, M. J. , 2004- Decision making using the analytic hierarchy process in mining engineering, Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 113: pp.A30-A42.
11
Samanta, B., Sarkar, B. & Murherjee, S. K., 2002- Selection of opencast mining equipment by a multi-criteria decision-making process, Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 111: pp.A136-A142.
12
Saaty, T. L., 1980- The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York: McGraw-Hill.
13
Saaty, T. L., 1990- Decision-making for Leaders, RWS Publication, USA, P 315.
14
Srdjevi, B., 2005- Combining different prioritization methods in the analytic hierarchy process synthesis, Computers & Operations Research, 32: pp.1897-1919.
15
Yurdakul, M., 2004- Selection of computer-integrated manufacturing technologies using a combined analytic hierarchy process and goal programming model, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 20: pp.329–340.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation on Confined Aquifer & its Role on Subsidence Occurrence in Hashtgerd Plain
Based on recent research by geological survey of Iran (GSI), an extensive subsidence area was observed in Hashtgerd plain (Tehran province). The geographical position of this area is 35° 47' 45" to 35° 03' 05" N and 50° 29' 05" to 50° 54' 28" E. The maximum and mean rates of this subsidence are 16 and 8.4 cm per year. In general, the main aquifer of plain is composed of Kahrizak and Tehran formations. These formations are alluvium type. The Kahrizak formation consists of gravel, sand and silt. This formation scatters in north of plain. Tehran formation is composed of pebble, gravel, sand and clay in fluvial cone form. Toward the center and south of plain the amount of fine material increases. The subsidence is shown in Tehran formation only. Based on geoelectrical and well-logs data, the confined to semi confined aquifer area is recognized in south and west of Hashtgerd plain. This area is in accordance with subsidence area. In the upper part of confined aquifer we can find an unconfined aquifer. The whole of penetrated water from surface of plain recharges the unconfined aquifer. The extortion of water from confined aquifer and unconfined aquifer in north of plain has caused subsidence phenomena. The unique recharge resources of confined aquifer is unconfined aquifer in north of plain. To take notice of the position and properties of confined and unconfined aquifers in this place is very important in suitable planning and management to prevent and mitigate subsidence occurrence in future.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55058_18f0c10f184ea61d6d0d4310dc7f719c.pdf
2011-05-22
137
142
10.22071/gsj.2011.55058
Hashtgerd plain
subsidence
InSAR method
Confined aquifer
A.
Shemshaki
shemshaki2000@yahoo.com
1
Geohazard, Engineering geology & Geotechnique Department, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Mohammadi
2
Geohazard, Engineering geology & Geotechnique Department, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M. J.
Bolourchi
3
Geohazard, Engineering geology & Geotechnique Department, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
سازمان آب منطقهای تهران، 1365- گزارش پیزومترهای حفاری شده در دشت هشتگرد.
2
سازمان آب منطقهای تهران، 1374- گزارش تلفیق مطالعات منابع آب حوضه آبریز دریاچه نمک.
3
سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 1386- گزارش آب زمینشناسی دشت هشتگرد- طرح فرونشست زمین در محدوده استان تهران (جلد دوم)، شرکت توسعه علوم زمین.
4
شرکت فرانسوی C.G.G، 1354- گزارش ژئوفیزیک دشت هشتگرد.
5
وزارت نیرو، 1372- گزارش آماری منابع و مصارف آب سطحی و زیرزمینی محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد، شرکت مهندسین مشاور لار.
6
وزارت نیرو، 1382- گزارش آماری منابع و مصارف آب سطحی و زیرزمینی محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد، شرکت مهندسین مشاور لار.
7
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10
Rieben, E. H., 1966- Geological observations on alluvial deposits in Northern Iran, Geological Survey of Iran, Rep.9
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chahmir Zn-Pb Deposit, a Typical Selwyn-Type (Vent Proximal) Sedex Deposit, Bafq Basin, Central Iran
Chahmir Zn-Pb deposit is one of several sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits (e.g., Koushk, Zarigan, Dareh Dehu & Cheshmeh Firuzeh) located in southeast of Bafq basin hosted within a Early Cambrian volcano-sedimentary sequence, simultaneous with global Cambrian ocean anoxic event, forming in a rift environment. The host rock units of the Chahmir Zn-Pb deposit includes organic-rich black siltstones with intercalations of tuff and silty tuff overlain by green carbonaceous tuffs. Based on nature of sulfide mineralization, mineralogy and textures of sulfide minerals, the Chahmir deposit can be divided into four different facies. Based on their situation towards the vent of mineralization fluid, these facies include: 1) A massive ore facies (Vent Complex) forms the thicker part of generally massive higher grade ores in east of the deposit. This facies includes two subfacies: the sulfide-silica-carbonate subfacies in center of massive ore and sulfide-carbonate subfacies around it. Sulfide minerals are observed as massive, replacement, vein-veinlets and brecciated colloform textures. 2) Vein-veinlets facies (Feeder Zone) includes sulfide veins and silica that form as a scissors of host rocks under the massive ore facies. Vein-veinlets and replacement textures form main features of this facies. 3) Bedded ore facies which is thinner than the massive ore facies and is characterized by layered and banded feature and low grade ore. This facies occurs as stratiform laminated and banded sulfides contemporaneous with the formation of the host rocks. 4) Distal facies is formed at west of the deposit which is actually a sedimentary equivalent of bedded ore facies. Main characteristics of this facies are presence of disseminated pyrite, banded chert and barite. The most important characteristics of mineralization at the Chahmir deposit such as tectonic setting, host rocks, mineralogy, diffrent facies, show similarities to siltstone and shale hosted Zn-Pb Sedex type deposits. Accordingly, Chahmir is regarded as a Selwyn-Type (Vent Proximal) SEDEX deposit.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55069_78a074174d2ef61f48686d356b8766a4.pdf
2011-05-22
143
156
10.22071/gsj.2011.55069
Zn-Pb deposit
Selwyn-Type
Vent Proximal
Sedex
Massive ore (vent complex)
Feeder zone
Bedded ore
Distal facies
Chahmir
Bafq
Central Iran
A.
Rajabi
rahman.rajabi@ut.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Rastad
2
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
N.
Rshidnejad Omran
3
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Mohammadi Niaei
4
Angooran Mining Company, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری آذرآیین، ح.، 1382- الگوی کانهزایی متصاعدی- رسوبی سرب- روی- آهن در منطقه معدنی کوشک و بافق، یزد. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان.
1
آذرآیین، ح. و آفتابی، ع.، 1383- ارتباط سازند سولفید نوار (BSF) با سازند آهن نواری (BIF) در منطقه معدنی بافق. مجموعه مقالات بیست و سومین گردهمایی علوم زمین. سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
2
رجبی، ع.، 1387- زمینشناسی، کانیشناسی، ساخت و بافت، ژئوشیمی و ژنز کانسار روی- سرب چاهمیر، جنوب بهاباد (استان یزد). پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
3
رجبی، ع.، راستاد، ا.، رشیدنژاد عمران، ن. و محمدینیائی، ر.، 1386- رخسارههای کانهدار و منطقهبندی عنصری در کانسار SEDEX چاهمیر (جنوب بهاباد). مجموعه مقالات بیست و ششمین گردهمایی علومزمین. سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات مواد معدنی کشور.
4
رجبی، ع.، راستاد، ا.، رشیدنژاد عمران، ن.، محمدی نیائی، ر.، 1387- بررسی تغییرات ژئوشیمیایی در رخسارههای کانهدار کانسار چاهمیر نوع Selwyn-Type (Vent Proximal) Sedex. مجموعه مقالات دوازدهمین گردهمایی انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، اهواز.
5
سبزهئی، م.، 1372- مقدمهای بر زمینشناسی و منابع معدنی منطقه چاهمیر، شمالغرب کوهبنان. وزارت معادن و فلزات، طرح اکتشاف سراسری سرب و روی.
6
لطفی، م.، 1386- گزارش نقشه زمینشناسی اکتشافی مقیاس 1:20000، کانهزایی و دگرسانی در منطقه معدنی چاهمیر و درهدهو، شرکت معدنکاران انگوران، گزارش داخلی.
7
مهرابی، ب.، 1370- کانیشناسی و ژنز کانسار سرب و روی کوشک (بافق)، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
8
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Provenance of the Givetian-Frasnian Sandstones in the Kuh-e-Tizi Section (Northeastern Kerman), Central Iran
The Givetian-Frasnian sandstones in the Kuh-e-Tizi section (25 km NE Kerman), unconformably overlie the Upper Cambrian Kuhbanan and underlie the Lower Carboniferous Hutk Formations respectively, in southeastern Central Iran. Petrographical data show that these sandstones are well-sorted, sub-angular to rounded quartzarenite. Diagenetic features include physical and chemical compactions (straight, concavo-convex, sutured grain contacts and pressure solution of quartz grain), reduction of the pore space through rearrangements and cementation (mostly silica, as quartz overgrowth). The provenance and tectonic setting of these sandstones have been interpreted using integrated petrographic and geochemical data. Petrographic analysis using standard methods revealed that mono and poly-crystalline quartz grains have been derived from plutonic rocks of an interior cratonic setting. Trace element analyses and their ratios used for provenance studies (Th/Sc and La/Sc) are similar to sediments derived from weathering of mostly felsic rocks. Values representing chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) range from 44.24 to 83.43, with an average of 69.96, and from 42.98 to 92.56, with an average of 75.8, respectively. However, most samples have values greater than 60, suggesting moderate to high weathering in the source area or during transportation prior to find deposition. Major and trace element concentrations indicated a depositional setting in a passive continental margin.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55071_ada060c731ec97cc28dc2f1a2ac5bd1f.pdf
2011-05-22
157
164
10.22071/gsj.2011.55071
Sandstone
Givetian-Frasnian
Weathering
Provenance
Tectonic setting
Iran
S. H.
Hejazi
hhejazi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Science & Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. H.
Adabi
rakhshande.abasi@gmail.com
2
School of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. R.
Moussavi Harami
moussavi@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
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Rieser, A, B., Neubauer, F., Liu, Y. & Ge, X., 2005- Sandstone provenance of north-western sectors of the intracontinental Cenozoic Qaidam basin, wstern china: Tectonic vs. climate control, Sedimentary Geology, 177:1-18.
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Roser, B. P. & Korsch, R. J., 1986- Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone– mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio, Journal of Geology, 94:635–650.
38
Roser, B. P. & Korsch, R. J., 1988- Provenance signatures of sandstone–mudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data, Chemical Geology, 67:119–139.
39
Tucker, M. E., 2001- Sedimentary Petrology: an introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks, Blackwell, Scientific Publication, London, 260 p.
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Valloni, R. & Maynard, B., 1981- Detrital modes of recent deep-sea sands and their relation to tectonic setting: a first approximation, Sedimentology, 28:75–83.
41
Wanas, H. A. & Abdel-Maguid N. M., 2006- Petrography and geochemistry of the Cambro-Ordovician Wajid Sandstone, southwest Saudi Arabia: Implications for provenance and tectonic setting, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27:416–429.
42
Weltje, G. J. & Von Eynatten, H., 2004- Quantitative provenance analysis of sediments: review and outlook, Sedimentary Geology, 171:1-11.
43
Wendt, J., Hayer, J. & Karimi Bavandpur, A., 1997- Stratigraphy and depositional environment of Devonian sediments in northeast and east-central Iran, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen,206:277-322.
44
Wendt, J., Kaufmann, B., Belka, Z. W., Farsan, N. & Karimi Bavandpur, A., 2002- Devonian/ Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy, facies patterns and palaeogeography of Iran. PartI.Southeastern Iran, Acta Geologica Polonica, 52, No. 2:129-168.
45
Zimmermann, U. & Bahlburg, H., 2003- Provenance analysis and tectonic setting of the Ordovician clastic deposits in the southern Puna Basin, NW Argentina, Sedimentology, 50:1079–1104.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Significance of Parameters Used for Self-Organized Tectonic Zoning of Iran
The Iranian plateau is one of the active tectonic regions on the earth. Non-uniformly distribution of deformation and repetitive activity of faults have cause a complex pattern of tectonic and seismotectonic activity of Iran. Therefore, in order to study the seismic and geological behaviors of different parts of the country one has to perform tectonic and seismotectonic zoning. Tectonic and seismotectonic zoning of Iran began by conventional methods in the past and developed by numerical zoning in recent years. Conventional methods aren't capable for producing detailed zoning maps. Recently numerical data and statistical and mathematical models have used for produce modern numerical maps. The advantage of numerical pattern recognition is that this method is a powerful tool for objective interpretation of massive of data. Multivariate statistical methods not only apply for tectonic zoning, but also this is useful to reveal the degree of significance and relationship between effective variables on tectonic zoning. In this paper, a large numbers of up-to-date geophysical, seismological, geological and geomorphological data have analyzed by using multivariate statistical methods to produced self-organized numerical tectonic and seismotectonic zoning of Iran. Based on this techniques a seven zoning tectonic and seismotectonic map has constructed for Iran. The role and significance of various parameters have also investigated using ANOVA method. The results indicate that some of the parameters play more important role in self-organized zoning. Based on relationships between parameters, they are been classified into 12 groups. Variables in each group present maximum correlation with each other. It is interesting to note that despite the frequent application of a- and b- values of the Gutenberg Richter magnitude frequency formula, these values show poor correlation with others and do not play a significant role in zoning.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55072_b2125ff144d7de34c171823a9913f931.pdf
2011-05-22
165
170
10.22071/gsj.2011.55072
Multivariate Statistics
Pattern Recognition
Tectonics
Seismotectonics
Seismicity
Iran
Ahmad
Zamani
zamani_a_geol@yahoo.com
1
earth sience , sience , Azad , shiraz , Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Farahi Ghasre Aboonasr
2
Department of Earth Sciences, Collage of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
زمانی، ا.، خلیلی، م.، 1385- نقش و ارتباط عوامل مورد استفاده در پهنهبندیهای زمینساختی و لرزهزمینساختی، هشتمین کنفرانس آمار ایران.
2
زمانی، ا.، ندایی، م.، 1388- کاربرد شبکه عصبی SOM در پهنهبندی تکتونیکی رقومی: یک روش جدید در پهنهبندی تکتونیکی ایران، مجله علوم زمین، در دست چاپ.
3
References
4
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5
Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P., 1982- A history of Persian Earthquakees. Cambridge, University Press Cambridge, England, 219pp.
6
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8
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Zamani, A. & Agh-Atabai., M., 2009- Multifractal analysis of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Zagros and Alborz-Kopeh Dagh Regions of Iran, in preparation.
39
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate–Evaporite Successions of Dashtak Formation in Aghar#1and West Aghar#1 Boreholes in Aghar Gas Field
Carbonate – evaporates intervals of Dashtak formation is an important cap rocks in Zagros basin. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of Dashtak Formation in two wells (Aghar#1; West Aghar#1) was investigated in sequence stratigraphic framework. Data obtained from petrographic examinations of thin sections prepared from cuttings, in addition, a full suite of gamma ray and sonic logs were interpreted. Dashtak Formation comprises eight facies belts that are: (i) detrital clastics, (ii) supratidal, (iii) tidal flat, (iv) lagoon, (v) shoal, (vi) restricted marine, (vii) open marine, (viii) mid ramp. Dashtak Formation consists of four sequences with four transgressive, regressive and maximum flooding surfaces. Two sequence boundaries type I and three sequence boundaries type II were recognized in the Dashtak Formation. As far the depositional environment of the formation is interpreted as a homocline ramp with mild lateral changes in depositional environment, hence negligible lateral changes of stratigraphic sequences are expected in the study area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55117_ce1ff1d532bddb31581a1df903c451df.pdf
2011-05-22
171
182
10.22071/gsj.2011.55117
Dashtak Formation
Sequence Stratigraphy
Ramp
Aghar Gas Field
Costal Fars
M.
Khoshnoodkia
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Mohseni
mohseni@basu.ac.ir
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Hajian
3
Exploration and Production Office, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
حاجیان، م.، 1385- بررسی رخساره، محیط رسوبی و چینهشناسی سکانسی سازند دشتک (کوه سورمه، کوه سیاه#1، دالان#1 و دشتک#1) در ناحیه فارس. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال. 117 صفحه.
2
فلاح خیر خواه، م.، 1385- مطالعه رخساره، محیط رسوبی و چینهشناسی سکانسی سازند خانهکت و دشتک در مقطع سطحالارضی دالانی (اشترانکوه) وچاه هلیلان#1 در منطقه زاگرس. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال. 103 صفحه.
3
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- زمینشناسی ایران- چینهشناسی زاگرس: طرح تدوین کتاب زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 536 صفحه.
4
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Alavi, M., 2004- Regional Stratigraphy of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt of Iran and Its Proforeland Evolution. American Journal of Science, v. 304, p. 1–20.
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Khoshnoodkia, M., Mohseni, H., Hajian, M. & Rafiyee, B., 2008a- Depositional environment and Microfacies of carbonate-evaporite of Dashtak Formation at Aghar#1 on Subcostal Fars in Iran. GEO 2008, 8th Middle East Geosciences Conference and Exhibition of Petroleum Middle East, 2-5 March, Manamah. Bahrain.
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Khoshnoodkia, M., Mohseni, H., Hajian, M. & Rafiyee, B., 2008b- Identification maximum flooding surface of Dashtak Formation and accordance with sea level change and eustasy in Aghar#1, West Aghar#1 and Naura#1 Subcostal Fars in Iran, Conference / Meeting European Geosciences Union General Assembly, 12- 14 April, Vienna , Austria.
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Mohseni, H., Khoshnoodkia, M., Hajian, M. & Rafiyee, B., 2008a- Depositional environment and Microfacies of carbonate-evaporite of Dashtak Formation in Aghar#1, West Aghar#1 and Naura#1 on Subcostal Fars in Iran, 33 IGC, Oslo Norway.
30
Mohseni, H., Khoshnoodkia, M., Hajian, M. & Rafiyee, B., 2008b- Sequence Stratigraphy of Dashtak Formation in Aghar#1, West Aghar#1 and Naura#1 on Subcostal Fars in Iran, 33 IGC, Oslo Norway.
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43
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biostratigraphy Study of Gurpi Formation in Poldokhtar Section (Kuh-Soltan Anticline) based on Calcareous Nannofossils
Calcareous nannofossils are suitable for biostratigarphical studies since they are abundant, planktonic, rapidly evolving and largely cosmopolitan, especially in the late Cretaceous. In this regards, 131 microscopic slides from shale and marl sediments of Gurpi formation of Poldokhtar section with thickness of 320 meters were collected. Out of this, 22 genera and 35 species were determined and their range chart is plotted. The distribution of nannofossil species indicates that there are 9 biozones in the study Poldokhtar section that can be separated, based on first occurrence (FO) of index species. They can be placed in CC18-CC26 of Sissingh (1977) time zones. On this basis, the age of sedimentation of this formation can be suggested to be from lower Companion to late Masstrichtian. In addition, presence of index species of low latitude in Poldokhtar section of Gurpi formation shows that this sedimentary basin was located in low latitude at the time of sedimentation.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55121_f8b077a5151af56f8d8cc0b176402b50.pdf
2011-05-22
183
188
10.22071/gsj.2011.55121
Calcareous Nannofossils
Gurpi Formation
Biostratigarphy
Poldokhtar section
M. A.
Sina
msina1948@gmail.com
1
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Aghanabati
2
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A. L.
Kani
3
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A. R.
Bahadori
4
Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
درویش زاده، ع.، 1370- زمینشناسی ایران، نشر دانش امروز (امیرکبیر)، 901 صفحه.
2
صالحی، ف.، 1380- نانوفسیلهای آهکی سازند گورپی در مقطع تیپ، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
3
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- چینهشناسی زاگرس، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی ایران، 536 صفحه.
4
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Bown, P. R. & Young, J. R., 1998- Techniques; In: Bown, P.R., (ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy; Chapman and Hall, London; pp.16-28.
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Hay, W. W. & Cepek, P., 1969- Calcareous nannoplankton and biostratigraphic subdivision of the Upper Cretaceous. Trans.GulfCoast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 19, pp. 323-336.
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Perch-Nielsen, K., 1972- Remarks On Late Cretacoeus To Pleistocene Coccoliths From The North Atlantic; In, Laughton, A.5., Bergren, W. A., et al. (eds.); IRDSDP, V. 12; pp.1003-1069.
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15