ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ore Facies of Khanjar Pb– Ag (Zn) Carbonate– Hosted Deposit ,Upper Cretaceous Sequence in Central Iran, South Damghan, Iran
The Khanjar Pb– Ag (Zn) deposit is one of the stratabound deposits of Cretaceous age in Central Iran. The ore bodies may be grouped into two main geometric types: 1) Lenses of ore bodies congruent with bedding, 2) Ores as open space filling or with brecciate fabric due to faulting. Both types occur in limestone unit (k2b).Three ore bearing facies have been distinguished in the Khanjar area: 1) Siliceous limestone facies; galena, sphalerite and pyrite are the main ore minerals. Minor amounts of chalcopyrite are also visible. 2) Mullusca, Echinoderm wackstone facies with galena and sphalerite. 3) Rudist limestone facies with large amount of galena. As with other stratabound and stratiform Pb- Zn deposits, the main ore minerals are simple and few in number. In addition, galena, sphalerite and pyrite, some tetrahedrite, barite and minor amounts of copper minerals are observed. Pyrite often with framboidal texture and sphalerite with spheroidal texture form always part of paragenesis. Fluid inclusion investigations on saddle dolomite located in fractures with galena and sphalerite demonstrated the homogenization temperature of 145-230 centigrade and salinity of 17.5-23% NaCl equivalent.Geometry of ore bodies, occurrence of ore horizons in certain sedimentary facies, ore textures and structures, depositional environment (Lagoonal), paragenetic sequence of minerals and fluid inclusion data, all suggest that Khanjar Pb- Ag(Zn) deposit is an MVT deposit.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55420_2f8cdd92702739a089836c832a6cd0f1.pdf
2010-05-22
3
12
10.22071/gsj.2010.55420
: Pb– Ag (Zn)deposit
Upper cretaceous carbonate units
Ore facies
MVT
Khanjar(Reshm)
South Damghan
B.
Mehri
1
Metalic Exploration Department, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
E.
Rastad
rastad@modares.ac.ir
2
Economic Geology Department, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran,Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Fayyazi
3
Geology Department, Tarbiat Moallem University,Tehran,Iran.
AUTHOR
جمی، م.، هاشمی تنگستانی، م.، 1374- عناصر خاکی کمیاب و میانبارهای سیال در فلورینهای سفید، سبز و بنفش ناحیه کمر مهدی طبس، مجموعه مقالات دومین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، 4 ص.
1
رستمی پایدار، ق.، 1380- آنالیز رخساره، ژئوشیمی و ژنز کانسار فلورین (روی، سرب، باریم) میلاکوه- تویه، جنوب غرب دامغان، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 218 ص .
2
شریعتمدار،ا.، 1377- بررسی زمینشناسی و ژنز کانسار فلورین شش رودبار، سوادکوه مازندران براساس دادههای حاصل از مطالعه آنالیز رخسارهای، ژئوشیمی، سیالات درگیر، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،202 ص.
3
گرجی زاد، ح. ر.، 1375- زمینشناسی، کانیشناسی، آنالیز رخساره و ژنز کانسار فلورین پاچی میانا، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 186 ص.
4
مدبری، س.، 1374- زمینشناسی، کانیشناسی، ژئوشیمی، آنالیز رخسارهای و ژنز کانسار راونج (دلیجان)، پایاننامه کارشناسیارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 210 ص.
5
مؤمن زاده، م.، راستاد، الف.، عیسی خانیان، و.، 1366- گزارش بازدید مقدماتی از معدن سرب و روی خانجار،10 ص.
6
مهری،ب.، 1377- زمینشناسی،کانیشناسی، ژئوشیمی، آنالیز رخساره و ژنز کانسار سرب و نقره خانجار(جنوب غرب دامغان)،پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،192 ص.
7
مهری،ب.، 1383- بررسی زمینشناسی و تهیه نقشه زمینشناسی 1:5000 کانسار روی- سرب تپه ریگ. شمال شرق اردکان- یزد، انتشارت سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 86 ص.
8
نبوی، م. ح.، 1367- گزارش پیرامون معدن سرب خانجار (رشم) بر پایه گزارشها ونقشههای موجود و دیدار از معدن. انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی،12 ص.
9
References
10
Bazargani-Guilani, K.,1982- Die mittelpermischen schichtgebundenen Blei-Zink-Schwerspart-Lagerstatten des Kalwanga distriktes Zentral Alborz, Iran (mit besonderer Beruksichtigun des Duna- Grubenfeldes), Ruprecht-karl-Universitat,Heidelberg Univ.
11
Dix, G. R. & Edward, C.,1996- Carbonate hosted, Shallow submarine and burial hydrothermalmineralisation Big Cove Formation.Port au Port peninsula,Western New Foundland,Econ Geol,v.91,p.180-203.
12
Ghazban, F., Mc Nutt, R. H. & Schwatrz, H. p., 1994-Genesis of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ba deposits in the Irankuh district,Esfahan area, West – Central Iran, Econ.Geol., v.89, p.1262-1278.
13
Goldstein, R. H., 2001- Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems, Lithos, v.55, p.159-192.
14
Leach, D. L., 1999– Mississippi Valley– Type Lead– Zinc deposits through geologic time: Implications for the exploration of undiscovered deposits, U.S.G.S.Mineral Resource Program,p.211-237.
15
Momenzadeh, M., 1976- Stratabound lead- zinc ores in the lower Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments in the Malayer-Esfahan district (West Central Iran). Lithology,Metal content, Zonation and Genesis:Ruprecht- Karl Universitat,Heidelberg Univ.180p.
16
Quing, H. & Mount Joy, E. W., 1994- Origin of dissolution vugs,carvens and breccias in the Middle Devonian Presquile Barrier,host of Pine point Mississippi Valley type deposits, Econ.Geol., v.89, p.858-876.
17
Rastad, E., Fontbote, L. & Amstuts., G. C., 1980- Relation between tidal flat facies and diagenetic ore fabrics in the stratabound Pb-Zn- (Ba-Cu) deposits of Irankuh, Esfahan, West central Iran.18p.
18
Rodder,E.,1976- Fluid inclusion evidence on the genesis of ores in sedimentary volcanic rocks.In:Wolf ,K.H.Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits (Ed.), vol.2, Geochemical studies:Amsterdam,Elsevier, New York, ch.4, p.67-110.
19
Roedder, E., 1984- Fluid inclusions, Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 12, Mineralogical Society of America, 644p.
20
Roedder, E. & Bodnar, R. J., 1977– Fluid inclusion studies of hydrothermal ore deposits. In: Barens, H. L., (Ed.) .Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, Wiley, New York, p. 657-697.
21
Sheperd, T. J., Ranbin, A. H. & Alderton, D. H. M., 1985– A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies, Blackie, Glasgow, 223p.
22
Van den Kerkhof, A. M. & Hein, U. F., 2001– Fluid inclusion petrography, Lithos, v.55, p. 27-47.
23
Wilkinson, J. J., 2001- Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits,Lithos, v.55, p.229-272.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Study of Permian-Triassic Boundary in Esfeh Section N.E. Shahreza (Central Iran)
The stratigraphic section of Esfeh is located at 15 km north-east of Shahreza and 65 km south of Esfahan. The aim of this study is to consider the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and how to settle the Permian-Triassic boundary, also the geochronology of them. The biostratigraphic study of this section indicates the existence of index Fusulinidae with the high quality of other places. for instance:Verbeekina verbeeki , Sumatrina annae , Afghanella schenki , Yangchienia iniqua , Eoparafusulina Shengi.In this study the geochronological change of member 3 of the Surmagh Formation with attention to index fossils attributed from Guadalupian to Early Julfian and also the lithoiogical alterations to exist in deposits of the Hambast Formation equivalent to Esfeh section, the Shahreza formation propose is necessary.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55422_c8a573f2cbdeb2128495bd86fd859839.pdf
2010-05-22
13
18
10.22071/gsj.2010.55422
Esfeh Section
Permian-Triassic Boundary
Member 3 of Surmagh Formation
Shahreza formation
M.R.
Partoazar
mpartoazar@yahoo.com
1
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
باغبانی، د.،1370- سکانس رسوبات پرمین در ناحیه آباده، مجموعه مقالات دهمین گردهمایی علومزمین، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
1
پرتوآذر، ح.، 1374- زمینشناسی ایران، سیستم پرمین در ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمین شناسی کشور، طرح تدوین کتاب، شماره 22 ، 340 صفحه.
2
References
3
Abich, O. w. & Won. H., 1878- Geologische Forschungen in den kaukasischen Landern.Theil1, Eine,Bergkalkfauna aus der Araxes-Enge bei Djoulfa in Armenien:A:Holder,wein.
4
Arakelian, R. A., 1964- Geologia Armianskoi SSR,V.2,Stratigrafia:Erivan,INST.Geol.Nauk, Akad.Nauk Armianskoi SSR
5
Asserto, R., 1963- The Paleozoic Formations in central Elburz(Iran)preliminary note: Riv.Ital. Paleont.Stratiger.V.69.N.4,PP.503-543.
6
Bando, Y., 1979- Upper Permian and Lower Triassic Ammonoids from Abadeh,Central Iran, Mem.fac.Educ.,kagawa Univ., II,Vol.29, N.2, PP. 103.138.
7
Bozorgnia, F., 1973- Paleozoic Forminiferal Biostratigraphy of Central and East Alborz mountains,N. I. O. C. Geological Labratories, Publication No4.
8
Dickins, J. M., 1983- Permian to Triassic changes in life,Mem.Australas Paleontols 1. PP.297-303,Translated by monibi,s.
9
Fantini Sestini, N. & Glaus, M., 1966- Brachiopods from the upper Permian Nessen Formation (North Iran): Riv. ital. Paleont. Stratiger. V.72, N.4, P.887-923.
10
Flugel, H., 1964- Die Entwicklung des vorderasiatischen Palaozoikums:Geotekt.Forsch.,v.18, N.1-2,PP.1-68
11
Frech, F., 1900b- Isolirte vorkommen von Aquivalenter der Djolfa-Kalke (untere Neodays) in Nordostlichen Persien (Ostlicher Alburs), in, Ferech, F. and Arthaber, G. von,uber das Palazocium in Hocharmenien und Persien:Beitr.Paleont.Geol.Ost.-Ung.,V.12,N.4, PP.307- 308
12
Glaus, M., 1964- Trias und oberperm im Zentralen Elburs (Persien):Eclog.geol.Helv.,V.57, N.2, PP.497-508.
13
Ishii, K., Okimura, Y. & Ichikawa, K., 1985- Notes on Tethys Biogeography with Reference to Middle Permian Fusulinaceans. In; Thethys, paleogeography and Paleobiogeography From Paleozoic to Mezozoic, Edited by k.Nakazawa and J.M.Dickins,PP.139-155,Tokai Univ. press, Tokyo, Translated by Monibi,s.
14
Lys, M., Stampfli, G. & Jenny, J., 1978- Biostratigraphie du carbonifere et du Permian de ĽElbour oriental (Iran du NE).,note de lab de paleont de Ľuniv.de Geneve,N.10.
15
Nakazawa, K., 1985- The Permian and Triassic system in:The Tethys Paleogeography and Paleobiogeography from Paleozoic to Mezozoic Edited by Nakazawa and J.M. Dickinis PP.93-111.Tokai university press.Tokyo.Translated by Monibi,s.
16
Nakamura, K., Shimizu, D. & Zhuo-ting, L., 1985- Permian paleobigeography of Brachiopids based on the faunal provinces,PP.185-197.Tokai university press.Tokyo.
17
Okimura, Y., Ishii, K. & A.Ross, ch., 1985- Biostratigeraphical Significance and Faunal Provinces of Tethyan Late Permian smaller Foraminifera. PP.115-133. Tokai university Press, Tokyo.
18
arPtoazar, H., 2000- Permian-Triassic boundary Conodonts from Jolfa-Abadeh Belt along N.W. And Centeral Iran.Geological Survey of Iran,P. 25.
19
Partoazar, H. & Zhu, Z., 1999- The Carboniferous and Permian Fusulinids. Geological Survey of Iran.
20
Ruzhentsev, V. E. & Sarycheva, T. G., (ed), 1955- Razvitismena morskikh organismov na Rubezhe Paleozoja i mesozoja:Trudy paleont.Inst., V. 108.
21
Stepanov, D. L., 1942- Revision of the Permo-Triassic Sequence at Djulfa,Armenia(abs):Geol. Soc. Am.Bull.,V.53,N.12,Pt.2,P.1823.
22
Sweet, W. & Mei, S., 1999- The Permian Lopingian and Basal Triassic Sequence in Northwest Iran.in:Permophiles by Spinosa, C.,Permian Research Institute.,Newsletter of the Subcommision on Permian Stratigraphy,N.33,PP.14-18.
23
Taraz, H., 1974- Geology of the Surmaq-Deh Bid area,Abadeh Region,Central Iran,Geological Survey of Iran,Report N.37.
24
Teichert, C., Kummel, B. & Sweet, W., 1973- Permian Triassic strata,kuh-e-Ali Bashi, Northwestern Iran, Boll. Mus. Comp. Zool., V.145, N.8, PP.359-472.
25
Ueno, K. & Sakagami, S., 1993- Middle Permian foraminifers from ban Nam Suai the sa-at,changwat Loei,Northeast ailand,Paleontological society of Japan.N.172. PP.278-285
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Seismic, Geologic and Geodetic Moment Rates in Central Alborz
Estimate of moment rate is comparatively reckoned as a new method for dealing with tectonic activities rate in different regions and it prepares the way for putting together different methods. In fact, moment rate states rate of energy which exists in deformation system. There are three different approaches to state moment rate that each one express tectonic motion and movement of a region from a particular view. These three approaches consist of: geodetic (surveying), seismic and geology methods. Geodetic method which is determined on the basis of gained strain rate tensor from geodetic data, shows deformation rate (including seismic and aseismic) that is happening in the region at this moment in time. Moment rate which has gained on the basis of historical and instrumental catalogues, shows the total released seismic energy during quake events which are available in earthquake of region and geologic moment rate which gained with geometric parameters of faults, reveals potential of the faults in releasing stored elastic energy in. Geodetic moment rate, seismic moment rate (on the basis of historical and instrumental earthquake data) and geologic moment rate are estimated for Central Alborz region. The most moment rate in the study area belongs to geodetic approach (8.83×1019 Nm/yr) and then geologic moment rate (0.12×1019 Nm/yr) and finally the least quantity belongs to seismic moment rate (0.022×1019- 0.046×1019 Nm/yr). Considering, distribution of earthquake epicenters, the most seismic energy is released in the south parts of Central Alborz and considering high geodetic and geologic moment rates in north parts, it seems, north parts of Central Alborz have higher seismic potential.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55424_3ac7df33125055bb3ba25a3e8c35ce21.pdf
2010-05-22
19
24
10.22071/gsj.2010.55424
Moment Rate
Central Alborz
Energy
Earthquake
Strain Rate
M.
Asadi sarshar
maryamsarshar7@yahoo.com
1
Research Institute for Earth Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Bahroudi
bahroudi@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Mininig Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Qorashi
ghorashi_manouchehr@yahoo.com
3
Research Institute for Earth Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. R.
Ghassemi
mrghassemi@yahoo.com
4
Research Institute for Earth Science, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
بربریان، م.، 1373- نخستین کاتالوگ زلزله و پدیدههای طبیعی ایران زمین (خطرهای طبیعی پیش از سده بیستم). ج1. موسسه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله. 603ص.
2
قاسمی ، م.ر.، قرشی، م.، 1383- بررسی ناحیهای گسلهای بنیادی و لرزهزا درکوههای البرز. پروژه تحقیقاتی شورای پژوهشی علمی ایران.58 ص.
3
موسوی، ز.، 1384- پهنهبندی و تعیین نرخ تغییرات ممان لرزهای در ایران بر پایه مشاهدات GPS. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیر طوسی، 105ص.
4
References
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Allen, M. B., Ghassemi, M. R., Shahrabi, M., Qorashi, M., 2003- "Accommodation of late Cenozoic oblique shortening in the Alborz range, northern Iran." Journal of Structural Geology 25: 659-679.
6
Ambraseys, N. N., Melville, C. P., 1982- "A history of Persian earthquakes." Cambridg University Press, Britain, Translated by Abolhassan Radeh, Agah Publishers, Tehran,1991.
7
Berberian, M., 1994- " Natural hazards and the frist Earthquake catalogue of Iran. Nolume 1: Historical hazards in Iran prior to 1900. " International Institue of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology(IIEES).P603.
8
Djamour, Y., 2004- Contribution de la Géodésie (GPS et vivellment) á l׳étude de la déformation tectonique et de l׳aléa seismique sur la région de Téhéran (montage de l׳Alborz,Iran). Science de la Terre et de l׳Eau.montpellier, L׳université MontpellierII:180.
9
Engdahl, E. R., Jackson, J. A., Myers, S. C., Bergman, E. A., Priestley, K., 2006- "Relocation and assessment of seismosity in the Iran region" Geophys. J. Int., 167, 761-778.
10
Gansser, A., Huber, H., 1962- "Geological observation in the Central Elborz, Iran." Schweiz. Miner. Petrogr.Mitt.,V.42p.583-630.
11
Hanks, T. C., Kanamori, H., 1979- "A moment magnitude scale." J. Geophys.Res., 84,2348-2350.
12
Heaton, T. H., Tajima, F. and Mori, A. W., 1986- "Estimating ground motions recorded accelerorams." Surveys in Geophysics, V. 8, pp 25-83.
13
Jackson, J. A. & McKenzie, D. P., 1984- "Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan BBelt between western Turkey and Pakistan." "Geophys.J. R. Astr. Soc., 77, 185-264.
14
Jahnston, A., 1996- " Seismic moment assessment of earthquakes in stable continental regions-III. New Madride 1811-1812, Chaleston 1886 and Lisbon 1755." Geophys.J.Int.126, 314-344.
15
Kanamori, H., 1977- "Seismic and aseismic slip along subduction zones and their tectonic implications." Maurice Ewing Ser. 1, 162-174.
16
Nazari, H., 2006- "Analyse de tectonique récente et active dans l’Alborz Central et la région de Téhéran :«Approche morphotectonique et paléoseismologique»" PhD thesis, University de Movtpellier II.
17
Pancha, A., Anderson, J. G., Kreemer, C., 2006- "Comparison of seismic and geodetic scalar moment rates across the Basin and Range province."Bulletine of the seismological society of America. Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 11-32.
18
Stöcklin, J., 1968- "Structural history and tectonics of Iran:a review." AAPG Bulletin 52: 1229-1258.
19
Vernant, P., Nilforoushan, F., Chery, J., Bayer, R., Djamour, Y., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Ritz, J. F., Sedighi, M., Tavakoli, F., 2004- "Deciphering oblique shortening of central Alborz in Iran using geodetic data." Earth and Planetary Science Latters 223:177-185.
20
Ward, S. N., 1998- " On the consistency of earthquake rates, geological fault data, and space geodetic strain: the United States." Geophys.Jour.Int., 134, 172-187.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biostratigraphy of the Abderaz Formation at Type Section Using Planktonic Foraminifera
In order to study the fossil contents of the Abderaz Formation for biostratigraphical purposes the 300 meters thick section was sampled at type section. The sequence is mainly made up of grey shales and marls with two units of chalky limestone in upper part. The lower contact of the formation with Aitamir Formation is disconform while the upper contact with Abtalkh is continuous. Fifty six species belonging to 16 genera were identified and four biozones were differentiated. These are: Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica (Sigal)total range Zone, 2-Marginotruncana sigali - Dicarinella primitiva (Premoli Silva and Sliter) Partial range Zone, 3- Dicarinella concavata (Sigal)interval Zone and4-Dicarinella asymetrica (Postuma)total range Zone. Based on, these an age of Turonian-early Campanian is quoted to the formation. Also it was shown that Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica, the index species for middle Turonian exists at the base of the formation while, in the samples immediately below this belonging to Aitamir Formation Rotalipora appenninica, the index for middel cenomanian was recorded. Therefore, lack of index species for late Cenomanian- early Turonian shows a gap spanning this period between the Aitamir and Abderaz Formations. This could be a result of sub Hersinian orogeny.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55427_642001525afe8f2dd4a281b92fdf992a.pdf
2010-05-22
25
34
10.22071/gsj.2010.55427
Abderaz Formation
Biostratigraphy
Sub Hersinian Orogeny
Planktonic Foraminifera
Biozone
M.
Shafiee Ardestani
m_shafiee@khayam.ut.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Ghasemi-Nejad
eghaseminejad@khayam.ut.ac.ir
2
College of Science, Faculty of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Vaziri Moghaddam
avaziri7304@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
افشار حرب، ع.، 1348- تاریخچه فعالیتهای اکتشافی و خلاصهای از زمینشناسی ناحیه سرخس و تاقدیس خانگیران. مجله انجمن نفت ایران، شماره 27و 86-93.
2
افشار حرب، ع.، 1373- زمینشناسی ایران، زمینشناسی کپهداغ. سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، طرح تدوین زمینشناسی ایران، 275.
3
اشتوکلین، ی. و ستودهنیا، ا.، 1370- فرهنگ چینهشناسی ایران، وزارت معادن و فلزات، سازمان زمینشناسی، گزارش شماره 18، چاپ سوم، 376.
4
فروغی، ف.، 1383- میکرواستراتیگرافی سازند آبدراز در شرق حوضه کپهداغ (شرق و شمال شرق مشهد)، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد.
5
فروغی، ف. و صادقی، ع.، 1383- بازنگری سازند آبدراز در مقطع تیپ بر اساس فرامینیفرهای پلانکتونی، مجموعه مقالات هشتمین گردهمایی انجمن زمینشناسی ایران.
6
کلانتری، ا.، 1365- فسیلهای ایران، انتشارات شرکت ملی نفت ایران آزمایشگاههای زمینشناسی، نشریه شماره 9.
7
کرمی، ز.، 1378- بایوزوناسیون سازند آبدراز بر اساس نانوپلانکتونهای آهکی در برش ظاهرآباد. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد.
8
وحیدینیا، م.، 1373- بایواستراتیگرافی و محیط رسوبی سازند آبدراز در شرق کپهداغ. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد.
9
References
10
Bolli, H. M., 1957-The genera Praeglobotruncana, ,Globotruncana, Rotalipora Abathomphalus in the Upper Cretaceous of Trinidad,B.W.I.U.S.Natural History Museum Bulletin,n.215,pp.51-60
11
Caron, M., 1985- Cretaceous planktic foraminifera. In. Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., Perch Nielsen,K. (Eds), Plankton stratigraphy .cambridge university press.pp 17-86.
12
Ellis, B. F., Messina, A. R., 1999- Catalogue of foraminifera on CD ROM.American Museum of Natural History
13
Fleury, J. J., 1980- Les zones de Gavrovo-Tripolitza et du Pinde Olonos (Grece continentale et Peloponnese du Nord). Evolution d, plate-forme et dun bassin dans leur cadre Evolution dune plate-forme et dun bassin dans cardre alpin. Societe Geologique du Nord, 4: 1-648
14
Gorbachik, T. N.,1971a- OnCretaceousforaminiferaoftheCrimea.voprosyMikropaleontology.,14,125-216
15
Gorbachik, T. N.,1971b- Abrief characteristic of Cretaceous & Paleogene deposits of the Mountain Crimea.XII European Micropaleontological Colloquium,13-28.
16
Gradstein, F. M., agterberg, F. P., Ogg, J. G., Hardenbol, J. & Huang, Z., 1994- A Mesozoic time scale: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 24,051–24,074
17
Grandstein, F. M., Bukry, D., Hbib, D., Renz, O., Roth, P. H., 1978- Biostratigraphic(1978). summary of DSDP Leg 44: Western North Atlantic Ocean. Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj., 44: 567-62
18
Keller, G., Pardo, A., 2004- Paleoecology of the Cenomanian – Turonian Stratotype Section (GSSP) at Pueblo, Colorado. Marine Micropleontology 51, 95– 128.
19
Keller, G., Stueben, D., Zsolt, B., Adatte, T., 2004- in press. Cenomanian– Turonian sea level & salinity variations at Peublo, Colorado. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
20
Loeblich, A. R. Jr. & Tappan, E., 1988- Foraminiferal genera & their classification, 970 pp. (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York).
21
Maslakova, N. I., 1971- Contribution to the systematics & phylogeny of the Globotruncanids.Voprosy Mikropaleontology.,8,102-17
22
McNulty, C. L., 1976- Cretaceous foraminiferal stratigraphy, DSDP Leg 33, Holes 315A, 317a. Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj., 33: 369-81
23
Ogg, J., Agterberg, F. P. & Gradstein, F. M. 2004- The Cretaceous Period. In: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J. & Smith, A. (Eds.): A geologic time scale. 344–383, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24
Peryt, D., Lamolda, M. A., 2002- Benthic foraminifers from the Coniacian- Santonian boundary interval at Olazagutia, Spain. In: Lamolda, M.A. (Comp.), Meeting on the Coniacian-Santonian Boundary, Bilbao, September14e16, 2002. Abstracts and Field Guide Book, p. 19.
25
Pessagno, E. A. Jr. & Longoria J. F., 1973a- Shore laboratory report on Mesozoic planktonic foraminifera, Deep Sea Drill. Proj Leg16. Ibid., 16: 893
26
Pessagno, E. A. Jr. & Longoria, J. F., 1973b- Shore laboratory report on Mesozoic Foraminiferida, Deep Sea Drill. Proj Leg16. Ibid17:891-4.
27
Postoma, J., 1971- Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. Elsevier Publishing Co. Amsterdam, 420.
28
Premoli, Silva, I. & Sliter, W. V., 1995- Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy & evolutionary trends from the Bottaccione section, Gubbio, Italy. Paleontographia Italica 82, 89 pp.
29
Premoli-Silva, I. & Sliter, W. V., 1981- Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers from the Nauru Basin, Leg 61, Site 462 Western equatorial Pacific. Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill Proj.,61: 423-437
30
Premoli-Silva, I. & Verga, D., 2004- Practical Manual of Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera. In: Verga, D. & Rettori, R., (Eds.): International school on Planktonic Foraminifera. 283 pp., Universities of Perugia &Milano, Tipografia Pontefelcino, Perugia
31
Robaszynski, F. & Caron, M., 1995- Foraminifers planktonique du cretace: Bulletine Society Geological of France , t.166, p.681-698
32
Robaszynski, F., Caron, M., 1979- Atlas de foraminife`rs planctoniques du Cre´tace´ moyen (Mer Boreale et Tethys), premie`re partie. Cahiers de Micropaleontologie 1 (1–185 pp.).
33
Sigal, J., 1977- Essai du zonation du Cretace mediterraneenne a l aide des foraminiferes planctoniquess. Geologie Mediterraneenne, 4: 99-108
34
Sliter, W. V., 1989- Biostratigraphic zonation for cretaceous planktonic foraminifera examinied in thin section: journal of foraminiferal Research V. no1 , p. 1-19
35
Wonders, A. A., 1979- Middle & Late Cretaceous pelagic sediments of the Umbrian sequence in the Central Appennines. Proc. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad Wetenschappen, ser. B, 82: 171-205
36
Wonders, A. A., 1980- Middle & late Cretaceous planktonic Foraminifera of the western Mediterranean area. Utrecht Micropaleontology Bulletin , 24 , 1-158
37
Zepeda, M. A., 1998- planktic foraminifera diversity, equitability & biostratigraphy of the uppermost Campanian-Maastrichtian, ODP Leg122, Hole 762,Exmoth plateau, NW Australia,eastern Indian Ocean.Cretaceous Reaserch ,19:117-152
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Focal Mechanism of December 20, 2007, Tabriz Earthquake Using Accelerograph Data
The December 20, 2007 earthquake has occurred three months after the September 16, 2007 earthquake near the Tabriz city in East Azarbaijan province. We have used SH- waves accelerographs data and Brune model to estimate the causative fault plane parameters. The strike, dip and rake have been estimated as 310o, 85o and 170o, respectively. The focal mechanism shows right- lateral strike slip, which is consistent with the North Tabriz Fault. This is the first focal mechanis for the North Tabriz fault based on the strong ground motion data.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55429_17761a319f0f25f09a5b269a79eaa2ed.pdf
2010-05-22
35
38
10.22071/gsj.2010.55429
SH- Waves
focal mechanism
North Tabriz Fault
H.
Hamzehloo
hhamzehloo@iiees.ac.ir
1
International Institute of Earthquake. Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Farzanegan
2
Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Mirzaei
3
Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
امبرسز، ن. ن. و ملویل، چ. پ.، 1370- تاریخ زمینلرزههای ایران، ترجمه ابوالحسن رده، مؤسسه انتشارات آگاه.
1
پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله. htpp://www.iiees.ac.ir
2
حسامی، خ.، 1381- بررسیهای دیرینهلرزهشناسی بر روی گسل شمال تبریز. شورای پژوهشهای علمی کشور.
3
مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان ومسکن htpp://bhrc.gov.ir
4
References Aki, K., Richards, P. G., 1980- Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods (Vol.1). W.H.Freeman and Co., San Francisco.
5
Berberian, M. and Arshadi, S., 1976- On the evidence of the youngest activity of the North Tabriz fault and the seismicity of Tabriz city, Rep. 39, geol. surv. Iran.
6
Brune, J. N., 1970- Tectonic stress and spectra of shear waves from earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4997- 5009.
7
Brune, J. N., 1971- Correction. J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5002.
8
Hamzehloo, H., 2005- Determination of causative fault parameters for some recent Iranian earthquake using near field Sh-wave data. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25, 621-628.
9
Hamzehloo, H.,2005- Strong ground motion Modelling of causative fault for the 2002 Avaj earthquake, Tectonophysics, 409, 159-174
10
Haskell, N. A.,1960- Crustal reflection of plane SH waves. Journal of GeophysicalResearch, 65, 4147- 4150.
11
Hessami, K., Pantosti, D., Tabassi, H., Shabanian, E., Abbassi, M. R., Feghhi, K., Solaymani, S., 2003- Paleoearthquakes and slip rates of the North Tabriz Fault, NW Iran: Preliminary resylts. ANNALA of GEOPHYSICS, 46, 903- 915.
12
Jackson, J., 1992- Partitioning of strike- slip and convergent motion between Eurasia and Arabia in Eastern Turkey and the Caucasus, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12471- 12479.
13
Jackson, J., McKenzie, D. P., 1984-Active tectonics of Alpine- Himalayan belt between Western Turkey and Pakistan. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc.,77, 185-264.
14
Karakhanian, A. S., Trifonov, V. G., Philip, H., Avagyan, A., Hessami, K., Jamali, F., Bayraktutan, M. S., Bagdassarian, H., Arakelian, S., Davtian, V., Adilkhanyan, A., 2004- Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, Eastern Turkey and North-Western Iran, Tectonophysics, 380, 189-219.
15
Sarkar, I., Hamzehloo, H. and Kahttri, K. N.,2003- Estimation of fault parameters of Rudbar earthquake using near field SH wave spectra, Tectonophysics, Vol. 364, NO. 1-2, pp. 55-70.
16
Sarkar, I., SriRam, V., Hamzehloo, H., Khattri, K.N., 2005- Subevent analysis for the Tabas earthquake of September 16, 1978, using near field accelerograms, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior, 151, 53-76.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Structural Analysis of Simin-Darreh Moradbeik Shear Zone,South of Hamedan
The Simin- Darreh Moradbeik shear zone is located in the south of Hamedan city with 5 km width and at least 10 km length. The portion of contact metamorphic rocks, plutonic rocks and migmatits are affected by this shear zone. At least three ductile deformation stages are recognized by folding and foliation of each stages of deformation. All of deformation stages are coaxial and created interference pattern of folding. Field evidence shows tension and shear stress in this area. The shear zone dips to northeast and northwest with normal sense of shear movement. This shear zone deformed locusom of migmatite, boudinage of andalusite porphyroblast and formed granitic mylonite from Khako granite. Distribution of mylonitic foliation poles show refolding of this shear zone at the next deformation stages. According to deformation stages in Hamadan tectonites, possibly this shear zone formed syn to post second deformation (D2)
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55432_4b5aac49e97176340e3eade2e7f828ed.pdf
2010-05-22
39
46
10.22071/gsj.2010.55432
Shear zone
Migmatit
Ductile deformation
Hamedan
L.
Izadi kian
izadikian@yahoo.com
1
University of Bu-Ali Sina, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Alavi
2
University of Shahid Beheshti, Faculty of Earth Science, Department of Geology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Mohajjel
mohajjel@tmu.ac.ir
3
University of Tarbiat Modarres, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
References
1
Baharifar, A. A., 2005- Petrology of metamorphic rocks of Hamedan region, Ph.D thesis, Tarbiat moallem university.
2
Eghlimi, B., 1998- Hamedan map scale 1/100000, Ministry of industries and mines geological survey of Iran.
3
Jafari, R., 2007- Petrology of migmatites and plutonic rocks of south Simin area, Hamedan, master of science thesis, Bu AliSina university.
4
Jiang, D., Williams, P., 1999- When do dragfolde not develop into sheath folds in shear zones,J. Strutural geology, V.21,P.577-583.
5
johnson, T. E., Hudson, N. F. C. & Droop, G. T. R., 2003- Evidence for a genetic- granite-migmatite link in the dalradian of NE Scotland,J.geol.soci.london,160,pp.447-457.
6
Harris, B. L., 2003- Folding in high-grade rocks due to back-rotation between shear zones.journal of structural geology.vol 25. 223-240.
7
Kocher, T., Mancktelow, N. S., 2006- Flanking structure development in anisotropic viscous rock.J.structural geology28,P.1139-1145.
8
Lindh, A. & Wahlgren, C., 1985- migmatite formation at subsolidus conditions – an alternative to anatexis.J.metamorphic geology. Vol.3,P. 1-12.
9
Mani kashani, S., 2007- The study of plutonic rocks and their metamorphic aureole in Khakoo area,hamedan, master of science thesis, Bu AliSina university.
10
Mohajjel, M. & Sahandi, M., 1999- Tectonic evolution of Sanandaj- Sirjan zone at the northwest part and introduce new subzone, scientific quarterly jurnal of Geosience, number31-32,2001
11
Mohajjel, M., 2006-The effect of transpression on the ascention of Sanandaj- Sirjan zone's granitoid plutons(northwest part),9th Conference of geology association of Iran.
12
Mohajjel, M., Baharifar, A., Moinevaziri, H. & Nozaem, R., 2006- Deformation history, micro-structure and P-T-t path in ALSbearing schist’s, southeast Hamadan, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran.
13
Passchier, C. W. & Trouw, R. A. J., 2005- Microtectonics (2nded.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
14
Passchier, C., 2001- Flanking structures. Journal of Structural Geology 23,
15
951–962.
16
Ramsay, J. G., Huber, M., 1988- The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Academic Press, V. 2, P.309-700.
17
Sepahigaro, A. A., 1999- Petrology of Alvand plutonic rocks with special putlook on granitoids, Ph.D thesis, Tarbiat moallem university.
18
Twiss, R. J. & Moores, E. M., 1992- Structural Geology. Freeman and Compny, New York, 532pp.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Calculation and Interpretation of Some Morphotectonic Indices Around the Torud Fault, South of Damghan
The only geologic evidence of the neotectonic activity of theTorud region is its seismisity which assumed to be related to the Torud seismogenic fault. This fault has been overlain by the Quaternary alluvium in the major part of its length. Therefore, the study of morphotectonical characteristics of the region gives more evidences about its activity. Calculation of three morphotectonic indices including stream length – gradient ( SL) and ratio of valley – floor width to valley height (Vf) of stream channels and mountain front sinuosity (Smf) shows high SL values (425 – 1044) and low Vf (2.68 – 3.34) and Smf (1.05 – 1.44) values and indicate that the region has activity specially at two parts: central part (near the mountain front ) and northwestern part ( near the main divide of the Torud mountains) and therefore the tectonic activity class of the region can be number 1. The activity of the central part can be due to the movements of the Torud fault. The activity of the northwestern part is the result of the uplift of the region which is related to the at least one fault parallel with the Torud fault that has formed the relic mountain fronts at recent past. The distribution of strain of this activity shows the progressive deformation from north northwest to south southeast and from west to east.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55433_dbdec791eb71449e75c9cadeb3fb4fdb.pdf
2010-05-22
47
56
10.22071/gsj.2010.55433
The Torud Fault
Morphotectonics
Neotectonics
SL
Vf and Smf Indices
M.
Khademi
khademi@dubs.ac.ir
1
Damghan University of Basic Sciences, Damghan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
خادمی، م. و شهریاری، س.، 1386- ویژگیهای ساختاری و وضعیت زمینساختی منطقه ترود، جنوب دامغان، رساله دکتری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی .
2
نقشه توپوگرافی 50000 : 1 سدفه، 1353- برگ 6960V، سری K753، سازمان جغرافیایی کشور .
3
نقشه توپوگرافی 50000: 1 ورنگه عوض، 1353- برگ K753 ، سازمان جغرافیایی کشور.
4
هوشمندزاده، ع. علوی نائینی، م . و حقیپور، ع .، 1357- تحول پدیدههای زمینشناسی ناحیه ترود، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
5
6
References
7
Abdalian, S., 1953- Le trenblement de terre de Toroud, en Iran:Natur, Paris, vol.81, no.3222, p.314-319.
8
Ambraseys, N. N. & Moinfar, A., 1977-The seismicity of Iran: The torud earthquake of 12th February 1953. Annali de Geophysica , 30 , 185-200.
9
Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P., 1982- A history of Persian Earthquakes , Cambridge University Press , New York.
10
Berberian, M., 1976- Contribution to the seismotectonics of Iran, Geol. Surv. Of Iran, rep.no. 39.
11
Bull,W. B., 1978- Geomorphic tectonic classes of the south front of the San Gabriel Mountains,California . US Geological Survey Contract Report,14-08-001-G-394. Office of earthquakes , volcanoes , and engineering.
12
Bull, W. B. and McFadden, L. D.,1977- Tectonic geomorphology north and south of the Garlock fault,California. In D.O.Doehring (ed.) , Geomorphology in arid regions. Proceedings of the eighth annual geomorphology symposium. State university of New York at Binghamton
13
Bull, W. B.,1977- Tectonic geomorphology of the Mojave desert. Geological Survey Contract report 14-08-001-G-394. Office of earthquakes,volcanoes, and engineering.
14
Hack, J.T.,1973- Stream – profile analysis and stream gradient index. US Geological Survey Journal of Research ,1:421 - 429 .
15
Hessami, H., Jamali, F. and Tabassi, H., 2003- Major active faults of Iran(map). IIEES.
16
Keller, E. A. & Pinter, N., 1996- Active Tectonics; Prentice Hall, Saddle River, New Jersey, 339 p.
17
Keller, E. A., Pinter, N., 2002- Active tectonics: earthquake, uplift and landscapes, 2°ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddler River, N.J.
18
Nowroozi , A. A., 1971- Seismotectonics of the Persian Plaeau, eastern Turkey , Caucasus and Hindu – Kush regions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , 61, 317-341.
19
Schumm, S. A., 1977- The Fluvial System. Wiley, New York.Seno, T., Stein, S., Gripp, A.E., 1993. A model for the motion of the Philippine sea plate consistent with NUVEL-1 and geological data. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 17941–17948.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The ،Tectonic Geomorphology and Seismotectonics of the Ravar Fault Zone, South of Central Iran
According to potential of the intra-continental strike-slip faults for occurrence of large earthquakes, which are also considered as the main elements of active continental deformation, determination of their geometry and kinematics along with recognition of the active segments and temporal structural evolution is necessary. The oblique-slip fault of Ravar with about 137 km length is extending in vicinity of Ravar, north of Kerman. In the north of study area, the fault extends parallel to the Lakar-Kuh fault, but in the south converges toward to the Lakar-Kuh and the Kuh-Banan faults. Upthrusting of the eastern block of the Ravar fault and east-ward thrusting of the Lakar_Kuh fault system constructed a positive flower structure. The motion of the Ravar fault have caused the dextral displacement and an accumulative horizontal displacement of the drainages about 940-970 in the north since Pleistocene. Regarding a minimum horizontal slip-rate of about 0.54 mm/yr, the recurrence time of earthquakes with Mw~ 6.7 would be about 1400 year. In the middle part of the fault, the Reidel fractures of R, R, and P has been well developed and caused a dextral deflection of the Esmail-AbadRiver about 16m. With assumption of characteristic earthquake occurrence, the maximum slip per event could be about 0.75 m, which is consistent with the minimum displacement of the recent gorges. The amount of horizontal dextral displacement of the fault decreases toward to the south, whereas the vertical component of the fault motion increases, so that the Pleistocene deposits show about 10 m difference in elevation across the southern part of the fault. Concerning the trend of meizoseismal zone of 1911/04/18 Ravar earthquake (M~ 5.8, I0~ VIII) and parallelism of trend of the co-seismic surface rupture (N13W) with the southern part of the fault, the Ravar fault could be responsible of this earthquake. In addition, the active cross-faulting of the Dehu, the Dehzanan, the Chatrud, the Pasib, and the Darbid-Khun control the recurrence time and magnitude of the earthquakes in the study area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55436_281b526be4871f5ba13db6411b549ff7.pdf
2010-05-22
57
66
10.22071/gsj.2010.55436
Strike-slip faults
Segmentation
Active fault
Tectonic geomorphology
The Ravar fault zone
Central Iran
A.
Shafiei Bafti
amir.shafii@gmail.com
1
Tectonic group,Islamic Azad University Zarand Branch, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Shahpasandzadeh
m.shahpasandzadeh@kgut.ac.ir
2
Geophsics group, graduat University and Technical of Keman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
شفیعی بافتی، ا.، 1385- زمینساخت و تعیین نرخ واتنش پوسته در شمال و شرق کرمان بر پایة دادههای GPS و شواهد زمینساختی پایان نامة دورۀ دکترای زمینشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، 144صفحه.
2
References
3
Allen, M. B., Jones, S., Ismail-Zadeh, A., Simmons, M. D. & Anderson, L., 2002- Onset of Subduction as the cause of rapid Pliocene -Quaternary subsidence in the South Caspian Basin, Geology, 30, 775-778.
4
Ambraseys, N. N. & Melville, C. P., 1982- A History of Persian Earthquakes, Cambridge University Press, New York.
5
Berberian, M., Asudeh, I. & Arshadi, S., 1979- Surface rupture and mechanism of the Bab-Tangol (southeastern Iran) earthquake of 19 December 1977. Earth and Planetary Science, 42, 456-462.
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Berberian, M., 1995- Natural Hazards and the First Earthquake Catalogue of Iran: Volume 1: Historical Hazards in Iran Prior to 1900. A UNESCO/IIEES publication during UN/IDNDR, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, 603.
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Berberian, M. & Yeats, R.S., 1999- Patterns of historical earthquakes rupture in the Iranian plateau, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 120–139.
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Berberian, M., Jackson, J. A., Qorashi, M., Khatib, M .M., Priestley, K., Talebian, M. & Ashtiani, M., 1999- The 1997 May 10 Zirkuh (Qa’enat) earthquake (Mw 7.2)- faulting along the Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geophysical Journal International, 136, 671-694.
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Berberian, M., Jackson, J.A., Fielding, E., Parsons, B., Priestly, K., Qorashi, M., Talebian, M., Walker, R., Wright, T. J. & Baker, C., 2001- The 1998 March Fandoqa earthquake 9Mw 6.6) in Kerman province, southeast Iran; re-rupture of the 1981 Sirch earthquake fault, triggering of slip on adjacent thrusts and the active tectonics of the Gowk fault zone. Geophysical Journal International, 146, 371-398.
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Berberian, M., 2005 - The 2003 Bam urban Earthquake: A predictable Seismotectonic pattern along the western margin of the rigid Lut Block, SoutheastIran. Earth, Spec, J., 21, 35 -99.
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Eberhart-Phillips, D., Haeussler, P. J., Freymueller, J. T., Frankel, A. D., Rubin, C. M., Craw, P. , Ratchkovski, N. A., Anderson, G., Carver, G. A., Crone, A. J., Dawson, T. E., Fletcher, H., Hansen, R., Hard, E. L., Harris, R. A., Hill, D. P., Hreinsdottı´r, S., Jibson, R. W., Jones, L. M., Kayen, R., Keefer, D. K. , Larsen, C. F., Moran, S. C., Personius, S. F., Plafker, G., Sherrod, B., Sieh, K., Sitar, N. and Wallace, W. K., 2003- The 2002 Denali fault arthquake, Alaska: a large magnitude, slip partitioned event, Science, 300, 1113–1118.
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Harvard CMT , 2006 - CMT Catalog , Centroid Moment Tensor Project. http://www. Seismology. Harvard. edu / projects/CMT/.
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Jackson, J. & McKenzie, D. P., 1984 - Active tectonics of the Alpine- Himalayan belt between western Turkey and Pakistan, Geophys Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 77, 185–264.
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Jackson, J. & McKenzie, D. P., 1994- Active tectonics of the Alpine – Himalayan Belt between western Turkey and Pakistan. Geo- phys. J. R. Astron Soc., 77 , 185-264.
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Jackson, J. Haines, A. J. & Holt., W. E. 1995- The accommodation of Arabia-Eurasia plate convergence in Iran, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15,205-15,209.
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Kagan, Y. Y., 1999- Universality of the seismic moment-frequency relation , Pure Appl. Geophys., 155, 537-573.
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Kreemer, C., Holt, W. E. & Haines, A. J., 2003- An integrated global model of present – day plate motions and plate boundary deformation. Geophys. J. int.,154, 8-34.
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Lin, A., Fu, B., Guo, J., Zemg, Q., Dang, G., He, W. & Zhao, Y., 2002 - Co-seismic strike-slip and rupture length produced by the 2001 MS 8.1 Central Kunlun earthquake. Science, 296 , 2015-20 17.
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Magisttale, H. & Day, S., 1999- 3D simulation of multi – segment thrust fault rupture. Geophys. Res. Lett , 26 , 2093-2096.
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Masson, F., Chéry, J., Hatzfeld, D. Martinod, J., Vernant, P., Tavakoli, F., Ghafory-Ashtiani, M., 2005- Seismic versus aseismic deformation in Iran inferred from earthquakes and geodetic data. Gophys. J. Int., 160 , 217-226
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Slemmons, D. B., 1982- Determination of design earthquake magnitudes for microzonation Proc. Third IEMC, 1, 119-130.
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29
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30
Talebian, M., Biggs, J., Bolourchi, M., Copley, A., Ghassemi, A., Ghorashi, M., Hollingsworth, J., Jackson, J., Nissen, E., Oveisi, B., Parsons, B., Priestley, K. & Saiidi, A., 2006- The Dahuiyeh (Zarand) earthquake of 2005 February 22 in central Iran: reactivation of an intramountain reverse fault. Geophys. J. Int., 164, 137–148.
31
Vernant, Ph., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abassi, M. R., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinoid, J., Ashtiani, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F. & Chery, J., 2004- Present-day deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurement in Iran and northern Oman. Geophysical Journal International, 157, 381-398.
32
Walker, R. & Jackson, J., 2002- Offset and evolution of the Gowk fault, S.E. Iran: a major intra-continental strike-slip system. Journal of Structural Geology, 24, 1677-1698.
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Walker, R., Jackson, J. & Baker, C., 2003- Thrust faulting in eastern Iran: source parameters and surface deformation of the 1978 Tabas and 1968 Ferdows earthquake sequences. Geophysical Journal International, 152, 749-765.
34
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Wells, D. L. & Coppersmith , K. J., 1994- New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 84, 974-1002.
36
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geomorphic Signatures of Active Tectonics in the Karaj Drainage Basin in South Central Alborz, N Iran
The paper presents a method for evaluating relative active tectonics based on geomorphic indices useful in evaluating morphology and topography. Indices used include: stream length-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), index of drainage basin shape (Bs), and index of mountain front sinuosity (Smf). Results from the analysis are accumulated and expressed as an index of relative active tectonics (Iat), which divided into four classes from relatively low to highest tectonic activity. The study area along the south flank of the central Alborz mountain range in north Iran is an ideal location to test the concept of an index to predict relative tectonic activity on a basis of area rather than a single valley or mountain front. The recent investigations show that neotectonism has played a key role in the geomorphic evolution of this part of the Alborz mountain range. Geomorphic indices indicate the presence of differential uplifting in the geological past. The high class values (low tectonic activity) for Iat mainly occur in the south and southeast of the Karaj drainage basin, while the rest of the study area has classes of Iat suggesting moderate to high tectonic activity. Around the Amirkabir Lake, Iat has the highest value. The distribution of the indices defines areas associated with different mountain fronts and estimates of relative rates of tectonic activity. More than half of the study area is classified into classes 2 or 1 of high to very high tectonic activity in terms of the apparent geomorphic response. In different tectonic environments with greater rates of active tectonics, the values of indices would differ as well as their range in value. The stream network asymmetry (T) was also studied using morphometric measures of Transverse Topographic Symmetry. Analysis of the drainage basin and a number of sub-basins in the study area results in a field of T-vectors that defines anomalous zones of the basin asymmetry. We test the hypothesis that areas with great stream migration are associated with indicatives values of Iat.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55438_cc7b7f06a96b43e546a4715fea86e319.pdf
2010-05-22
67
74
10.22071/gsj.2010.55438
Geomorphic Indices of Active Tectonics
Drainage Basin
Asymmetry
Central Alborz
R.
Khavari
re_khavari@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University (IAU), Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Ghorashi
ghorashi_manouchehr@yahoo.com
2
Islamic Azad University (IAU), North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Arian
mehranariyan@yahoo.com
3
Islamic Azad University (IAU), Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kh.
Khosrotehrani
4
Islamic Azad University (IAU), Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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2
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Folding Style in Kermanshah Radiolarites and its Significance in Collision Tectonic of Northwest Iran
Abundant chevron folds were produced in well-bedded red thin layers radiolarites in Kermanshah area. Various fold hinge area structures were produced due to competency contrast and change of thickness in radiolarian shale and thick-bedded limestone intercalation in radiolarite sequence. Different styles of folding exist in massive to thick-bedded limestone and shale where they are inter-bedded with radilarites. Unique thin layers of the radolarite layers were folded in parallel shape but change of folds shape and mechanism were produced where thick bedded limestone or thin layers of radiolarian shale intercalations exist. Fold accommodation faults were generated in cases during folding. Geometry and style of folding indicate that deformation in radiolarites was produced by parallel folding due to buckling mechanism with southwest vergence. Thrust faults were generated during later stages, displacing some parts of the folded radiolarites.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55439_a0e8477957f82667bb65b02f99940ef5.pdf
2010-05-22
75
82
10.22071/gsj.2010.55439
Folding
chevron folds
Radiolarite
Collision tectonic
Thick-skinned tectonic
Kermanshah
M.
Mohajjel
mohajjel@tmu.ac.ir
1
Tectonic Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Biralvand
m.biralvand@modares.ac.ir
2
Tectonic Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری:
1
بیرالوند، م.، محجل، م.، یساقی، ع.، 1386- الگوی چینخوردگی در رادیولاریتهای کرمانشاه، یازدهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران.
2
بیرالوند، م.، محجل، م.، یساقی، ع.، الیاسزاده، ر.، 1386- بررسی ساختار و جایگاه تکتونیکی رادیولاریتهای کرمانشاه در پهنه برخوردی زاگرس، بیست و ششمین گردهمایی علوم زمین ایران.
3
شهیدی، ع.، نظری، ح.، 1375- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 هرسین، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
4
کریمیباوندپور، ع. ر.، 1378- نقشه زمینشناسی1:100000 کرمانشاه، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
5
محجل، م.، سهندی، م. ر.، 1378- تکامل تکتونیکی پهنه سنندج ـ سیرجان در نیمه شمال باختری و معرفی زیرپهنههای جدید در آن؛ فصلنامه علوم زمین تابستان شماره 32 صفحه 49 ـ 28 .
6
مطیعی، ه.، 1372- چینهشناسی زاگرس. سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافاتمعدنیکشور.
7
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of SOM Neural Network for Numerical Tectonic Zoning: A New Approach for Tectonic Zoning of Iran
One of the basic discussions in geosciences is construction of different tectonic zoning maps. In conventional tectonic zoning, not only the great amounts of subjective judgment are involved but also accurate interpretation of high-dimensional data is so difficult and out of human capability. To alleviate these deficiencies, quantitative scientific methods in data mining domain can be applied as an effective and useful tool to construct the new numerical maps in geosciences. In this paper self-organizing map (SOM) neural network that is one of the common methods in data mining has been applied for numerical tectonic zoning of Iran. SOM is an unsupervised artificial neural network particularly adept at pattern recognition and clustering of high-dimensional data. Visualization of high-dimensional data in two-dimensional topological-preserving feature map is another specific capability of SOM that represent both homogeneity within and similarity between clusters. Although there are some similarities between SOM's numerical maps constructed here and the conventional maps but SOM method is more powerful for identification and interpretation of different zones than conventional methods. Utilizing SOM method enables us not only to evaluate the degree of homogeneity in each zone, but also to separate regions zone that experience similar geological evolutionary despite of their geographical locations. For instance Lut and Gavkhuni zones show more homogeneity than Makran and Azerbayejan zones also Kopeh-Dagh and Zagros are located at different regions, they have similar features. The results obtained here represent separation between Makran from EastIranianRanges and Western Azerbaijan from AlborzRanges, too. It is important to recognize that the SOM's results are based purely on the geophysical, geological and seismic features presented previously. So correspondences and differences between the SOM's zones and a given zone based on conventional method must receive careful thought.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55441_63db464d8ae9b9630fc9a07b531e90d6.pdf
2010-05-22
83
88
10.22071/gsj.2010.55441
Tectonic Zoning
Clustering
Self-Organizing map
Neural Network
Ahmad
Zamani
zamani_a_geol@yahoo.com
1
Earth Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Nedaei
2
Earth Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
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Iivarinen, J., Kohonen, T., Kangas, J. & Kaski. S., 1994- Visualizing the Clusters on the Self-Organizing Map. In Christer Carlsson, Timo Järvi, and Tapio Reponen, editors, Proceedings of Conference on Artificial Intelligence Research in Finland, number 12 in Proceedings of Conference of Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society, pp. 122–126, Helsinki, Finland, Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society.
29
Karakaisis, G. F., 1994- Long-term earthquake prediction in Iran based on the time- and magnitude-predictable model. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 83: 129–145.
30
Kaski, S., Kangas, J. & Kohonen, T., 1998- Bibliography of self-organizing map (SOM) papers: 1981-1997. Neural Computing Surveys, 1:102–350.
31
Kohonen, T., 1995- Self-organizing maps. Springer, Berlin.
32
Lin, G. F. & Chen, L. H., 2006- Identification of homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis using the self-organizing map, Journal of Hydrology, 324:1-9
33
Merkl, D. & Rauber, A., 1997- Alternative ways for cluster visualization in self-organizing maps. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Self-Organizing Map, pp.106–111.
34
Meyer, B. & Le Dortz, K. , 2007- Strike slip kinematics in Central and Eastern Iran: Estimating fault slip-rate averaged over the Holocene, Tectonics, 26: TC5009
35
Nabavi, M. H., 1976- An introduction to the Iranian geology (in Farsi). Geological Survey of Iran, 38: 110pp.
36
Nowroozi, A. A., 1971- Seismotectonics of the Persian Plateau, eastern Turkey, Caucasus, and Hindu-Kush regions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 61: 317–341.
37
Nowroozi, A. A., 1976- Seismotectonic provinces of Iran. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 66: 1249–1276.
38
Nowroozi, A. A., 1979- Reply to M. Berberian: comparison between instrumental and macroseismic epicenters. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 69: 641–649.
39
Parks, J. M., 1966- Cluster analysis applied to multivariate geologic problems. Journal of Geology, 74: 703–715.
40
Potter, D. R., 1996- Correlation between observed seismicity and GPS-derived aseismic crustal deformation rates in Southern California. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 77: 148–149
41
Reiben, H., 1955- The geology of the Tehran plain: American Journal of Science, 253 (11): 617-639.
42
Shoja-Taheri, J. & Niazi, M., 1981- Seismicity of the Iranian Plateau and bordering regions, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 71: 477–489.
43
Stahl, A. F., 1911- Zur geologie von Persien. In: Handbuch der Regionalen Geologie, Band 5, Heft 8, Heidelberg, Germany, 46pp.
44
Stöcklin, J. & Nabavi, M.H., 1973- 1/2,500,000 sheet, tectonic map of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran.
45
Stöcklin, J., 1968- Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review, Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 52: 1229–1258.
46
Stöcklin, J., 1977- Structural correlation of the Alpine ranges between Iran and Central Asia. Mémoire H series, Societé géologique de France, 8: 335–353.
47
Swan, A. R. H., Sandilands, M., 1995- Introduction to Geological Data Analysis, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 446pp.
48
Takin, M., 1972- Iranian geology and continental drift in the Middle East. Nature, 235: 147–150.
49
Ultsch, A. & Siemon, H. P., 1990- Kohonen’s Self Organizing Feature Maps for Exploratory Data Analysis. In Proceedings of International Neural Network Conference (INNC’90), pp. 305–308, Dordrecht, Netherlands,. Kluwer.
50
URL http://www.cis.hut.fi/projects/somtoolbox/
51
White, R. S. & Ross, D. A., 1979- Tectonics of the western Golf of Oman, Journal of Geophysical Research, 84:3479-3489.
52
Zamani, A. & Hashemi, N., 2000- A comparison between seismicity, topographic relief, and gravity anomalies of the Iranian Plateau, Tectonophysics, 327: 25–36.
53
Zamani, A. & Hashemi, N., 2004- Computer-based self-organized tectonic zoning: a tentative pattern recognition for Iran, Computers & Geosciences, 30: 705–718
54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lithostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of the Dalichai Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Parvar Area, North of Semnan, Central Alborz
The Dalichai Formation and its ammonite fauna is studied for the first time in the Parvar area, Central Alborz. At Parvar the Dalichai Formation, with a thickness of about 70 m, consist of an alternation of grayish silty marls, marlstones, marly limestone and limestone and is subdivided into 5 members. A rich ammonite fauna (407 specimens) have been collected from the member 4 and 5, comprising the following families: Phylloceratidae, Lytoceratidae, Oppeliidae, Haploceratidae, Sphaeroceratidae, Parkinsoniidae, Morphoceratidae and Perisphinctidae. These indicate a Late Bajocian and Bathonian age. Member five consists of greenish to reddish, nodular and flaggy limestones and is a typical condensed horizon.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55443_6e44e405d3880524f0ef619241e92848.pdf
2010-05-22
89
94
10.22071/gsj.2010.55443
Lithostratigraphy
Biostratigraphy
Dalichai Formation
Ammonite
Middle Jurassic
Parvar
Central Alborz
M.
Shams
me_shams59@yahoo.com
1
School of Geology , University College of Science , University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Seyed-Emami
kemami@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Mining Engineering, University Collage of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1377- چینهشناسی ژوراسیک ایران، کتاب شماره 65 ، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، دو جلد، 746 صفحه.
2
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
3
بختیاری، س.، گیتاشناسی (واحد پژوهش و تألیف)، 1384- اطلس راههای ایران. انتشارات مؤسسه جغرافیایی و کارتوگرافی گیتاشناسی، 288 صفحه.
4
توتونچی،ب.، 1380- مطالعه چینهشناسی و فسیلشناسی سازند دلیچای در جنوب ناحیه پلور (جنوب شرق پل دختر)، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، 194 صفحه.
5
شفیع زاد، م.، 1380- مطالعه چینهشناسی و فسیلشناسی سازند دلیچای در البرز شرقی (غرب شاهرود)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، 222 صفحه.
6
شمس، م.، 1386- مطالعه چینهشناسی و فسیلشناسی سازند دلیچای در منطقه پرور، شمال سمنان، البرز مرکزی با توجه خاص به فون آمونیتی، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران، 254 صفحه.
7
مکوندی، ر.، 1379- مطالعه چینهشناسی و فسیلشناسی سازندهای دلیچای و لار در منطقه آبگرم (آوج – همدان)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، 136 صفحه.
8
References
9
Cariou, E. & Hantzpergue, P., 1997- Biostratigraphie Du Jurassique Quest – europeen et Mediterraneen, GFEJ, memoire 17 (Group Francia Etude Jurassique), Boletin du Centre de Resarches ELF Aquitaint, 17, 1- 440
10
Dercourt, J., Gaetani, M., Vrielynck, B., Barrier, E., Biju-Duval, B., Brunet, M. F., Cadet, J. P., Crasquin, S., and Sandulescu, M. (eds.) 2000 Atlas Peri-Tethys paleogeographical maps. 268 pp. CCGM/CGMW, Paris.
11
Majidifard, M. R., 2003- Biostratigraphy, Lithostratigraphy, ammonite taxonomy and microfacies analysis of the Middle and Upper Jurassic of northeastern Iran, Dissertation zur Erlangung des Naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades Der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg.
12
Seyed-Emami, K., Schairer, G., Bolourchi, M. H., 1985- Ammoniten aus der unteren Dalichy–Formation (oberes Bajocium bis unteres Bathonium) der Umgebung von Abe–Garm (Avaj, Nw–Zentraliran), Zitteliana, 12, 57–85, Munchen.
13
Seyed-Emami, K., Schairer, G., Alavi-naini, M., 1989- Ammoniten aus der untern Dalichai–Formation (Unterbathon) ostlich von Semnan (SE–Alborz, Iran). Munchner Geowiss. Abh., (A), 15, 79–91, 4 Abb., 1 Tab., 3 Taf., Munchen.
14
Seyed-Emami, K., Schairer, G., Aghanabati, S. A., Fazl, M., 1991- Ammoniten aus dem Bathon der Gegend von Tabas – Nayband (Zentraliran), Munchner Geowiss. Abh, (A), 19, 65–100, 3 Abb., 2 Tab., 8 Taf.
15
Seyed-Emami, K., Schairer, G., Zeiss, A., 1995- Ammoniten aus der Dalichai–Formation (Mittlerer bis Oberer Jura) und der Lar–Formation (Oberer Jura) N Emamzadeh-Hashem (Zentralalborz, Nordiran), Mitt. Bayer. Staatsslg. Palaont. hist. Geol., 35, 39–52, Munchen.
16
Seyed-Emami, K. , Fursich, F. T., Schairer, G., 2001- Lithostratigraphy, ammonite fauna and palaeoenvironments of Middle Jurassic in North and Central Iran, Newsl. stratigr., 38 (2/3), 163-184, 11 Fig., Berlin . Stuttgart.
17
Steiger, R., 1966- Die Geologie der West-Firuzkuh-Area (Zentralelburz/Iran). Mitt. der Technischen Hochschule u. der Univ. Zurich, N.F. 57, 1-145.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Kangan Formation in South Pars Field
In this study, in order to evaluate the geochemical characterization of Kangan Formation in well B in South Pars Gas Field, geochemical analysis (including preliminary and complementary analysis such as Rock-Eval Pyrolysis, extraction of organic matter (EOM), bitumen fractionation, Gas chromatography and Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) were carried out on core samples. Geochemical results reveal that these samples have kerogen type III and II, indicating a marine organic matter with a little terrestrial input. The organic matter of these samples was derived from source rock(s), with clastic-carbonate lithology which deposited under anoxic to subanoxic conditions. In addition, the above samples exhibt poor to moderate genetic potential with kerogen maturity at the beginning of oil generation (late diagenesis to early catagsnesis). Also, based on column chromatography, the above samples are mainly composed of paraffinic-naphthenic and paraffinic hydrocarbons. A negligible amount of hydrocarbons seems to have been generated locally from Kangan Formation.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55447_2063991a0f1454157a8429e7adb4f699.pdf
2010-05-22
95
102
10.22071/gsj.2010.55447
Kangan Formation
Rock-Eval pyrolysis
Gas Chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Source rock
A.
Rajabi-Harsini
arh7948@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University- North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Memariani
memarianim@ripi.ir
2
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Ashkan, S. A. M., 2004- Fundementals of geochemical studies of Hydrocarbon source rocks and oils with special look at the sedimentry basin of Zagros. Natioinal Iran oil company, 355 p.
2
Connan, J. and Cassau, A. M. 1980- Properties of gas petroleum liquid derived from terrestrial kerogen at various maturation levels. Geochim.Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 10-23.
3
Havan, H. L., de Leeuw, J. W., Sinninghe Damste, J. S., Schenck, P. A., Palmer, S. E. & Zumberg J. E., 1988- Application of biological markers in recognition of paleohypersaline environment, in K. Kelts, A. Fleet, and Talbot, eds., Lacustrine Petroleum Source Rocks: v. 40: Blackwell, Geological Society, p. 123-130.
4
Hung, W. Y. & Meinchein, W. G., 1979- Sterols as ecological indicators, eochemical et cosmochemicaActa. 43, P. 739-745.
5
Hunt, J. M., 1996- Petroleum geochemistry and geology: San Fransisco, W. H. Freeman, 473 p.
6
Kashfi, M. S., 2000- Greater Persian Gulf Permian- Teriassic stratigraphic nomenclature requires study. Oil and Gas Journal, Tulsa, Vol. 15, pp. 36-44.
7
Kaufman, R. L., Ahmad, A. S., Elsinger, R. J., 1990- Gas cheromatography as development and production tools for fingerprinting oil from individual reservoirs: application in the Gulf of Mexico in: GCSSEPM foundution with annual research conference proceeding pp. 263-282.
8
Peters, K. E. & Moldowen, J. M. (eds), 1993- The biomarker guid: Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 363p.
9
Tissot, B. P. & Welte, D. H., 1984- Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: (2 nd ed.) Heidelberg, Springer Verlog, 538 p.
10
Virgone, A. & Murat, B., 1999- Geological Model Syntesis Permo-Teriassic from South Pars Field, Iran (SP-1, SP-4 and SP-6 Wells), Totalfinaelf, Total South Pars, 52 p.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Environmental Impacts of Mining in Olang Area, Golestan Province (South Ramian)
Olang Coal Mines in the Ghareh Chai watershed are located 100-130 km far from Gorgan and 20 km to the south of Ramian. In this research, the environmental impacts of these mines in this region including impacts on soil and water resources, slope instability and river bed erosion have been investigated. To evaluate the effects of mine drainage and surface pollutants, 34 water samples were collected in two different seasons, spring and summer. The samples were collected from mine drains and upstream and downstream of the junction points of such drains with streams, and subjected to analysis for chemical constituents. The results have shown that mine drainage has increased salinity and organic content of natural streams, but it has not significantly affected the concentration of heavy metals and other constituents. The most polluted samples are those located close to the dumps. This suggests that improper disposal of mine dumps, which are extensive in the area, is the main cause of soil and water pollution. Therefore, proper sealing of such dumps and optimum management of mine drainage is needed to minimize the negative impacts of coal mining. To evaluate the slope instability and land sliding associated with mining activities, first of all, the position of all land slides were located and mapped. The causes of each landslide were then identified. The analysis shows that land sliding is more common in the mining areas, and human activity together with natural causes such as geology, climate and hydrology play important roles in the occurrence of landslides.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55448_417a31e6c5cff26974eb2c08f8542442.pdf
2010-05-22
103
108
10.22071/gsj.2010.55448
Environmental effects
Mining
Olang
Golestan province
N.
Hafezi Moghaddas
nhafezi@um.ac.ir
1
Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
G. A.
Kazemi
2
Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
AUTHOR
H. R.
Amiri Moghaddam
3
Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Sanchooli
4
Rural Water and Wastewater Company, Golestan, Iran.
AUTHOR
F. S.
Hejazi Nejad
5
Rural Water and Wastewater Company, Golestan, Iran.
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
اداره کل محیط زیست استان گلستان،1384- آمار و اطلاعات معادن زغالسنگ شمال کشور.
2
بانک اطلاعات مدیریت آبخیزداری جهاد کشاورزی استان گلستان، 1386 - سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گلستان.
3
حافظی، ن. و مهدیزاده، ح.، 1375- پهنهبندی خطر لغزش در منطقه اولنگ، طرح پژوهشی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود.
4
سازمان جغرافیایی نیروهای مسلح، نقشه توپوگرافی 1:250000 منطقه اولنگ.
5
سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 1369- نقشه 1:250000 زمینشناسی گرگان.
6
سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 1384- نقشه 1:100000 زمینشناسی خوش ییلاق.
7
علیجانی، ب. و کاویانی، م.، 1379- مبانی آب و هواشناسی، تهران، انتشارات سمت ص 378-359.
8
گزارش اکتشافات مقدماتی بخش زغالدار منطقه اولنگ و ملچ آرام فوقانی، 1369- شرکت زغالسنگ البرز شرقی.
9
References
10
Banks, S. B. & Banks, D., 2001-Abandoned mines drainage impact assessment and mitigation of discharges from coal mine in the UK. Engineering Geology. 60; pp 31-37.
11
Pesek, J., Oplustiil, S., Peskova, J. & Skocek, S., 1995-European Coal Conference'95, Czech Republic, Prague, June 26-July 1, 1995, pp.11-78.
12
Ravengai, D., Love, D., Love, I., Gratwicke, B., Mandingaisa, O. & Owen, R.J.S., 2005-Impact of Iron Duke Pyrite mine on water chemistry aquatic life, Mazowe valley, Zimbabwe. Water SA, 31 (2); pp. 219-228.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dynamic Fracture Process of Bam Earthquake
In this article, we studied the dynamic fracture process of Bam earthquake. In two presented models stress heterogeneity on the fault plain was modeled as barrier or asperity and friction included as slip-weakening relationship. Results of models were constrained by near field ground motion recorded in Bam station. In the first model, fracture starts form a weak asperity which its waves surround the neighbor barrier and break it down. In the second model, another asperity is included in southern part of the fault. Breaking barrier releases two fracture fronts traveling in two different regimes. One of them travels faster than shear waves and goes to the intersonic velocity. The other front travels with 0.74 shear wave velocity and makes the largest pulse of the record. Both models predict the slip rate successfully, but the second model is more consistent with the real data.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55451_9ca9328c4814428278511ea273900655.pdf
2010-05-22
109
114
10.22071/gsj.2010.55451
Dynamic Fracture
Bam earthquake
Fracture front
Stress heterogeneity
M.
Eskandari
eskandary@nt.ac.ir
1
University of Tehran, Institute of Geophysics, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. R.
Gheitanchi
mrghchee@ut.ac.ir
2
University of Tehran, Institute of Geophysics, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Aki, K. & Richards, P. G., 1980- Quantitative seismology: Theory and methods, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1: 56 p.
2
Andrews, D. J., 1976- Rupture velocity of plane strain shear cracks, J. Geophys. Res., 81: 5679-1976.
3
Archuleta, R. J., 1984 - A faulting model for the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., 89: 4559-4585.
4
Berberian, M., 2005- The 2003 bam urban earthquake: a predictable seismotectonic pattern along the western margin of the rigid Lut block, southern Iran, Earthquake Spectra, 21, S1: S35-S99.
5
Bouchon, M., Bouin, M., Karabulut, H., Toksoz, M. N., Dietrich, M. & Rosakis, A. J., 2001- Turkey earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27: 2723-2726.
6
Bouchon, M., Hatzfeld, D., Jackson, J. A. & Haghshenas, E., 2006- Some insight on why Bam (Iran) was destroyed by an earthquake of relatively moderate size, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09309, doi: 10.1029/2006GL02596.
7
Bouchon, M., Tokosoz, N., Karabulut, H., Bouin, M. P., Dietrich, M. & Rosakis, A. J., 2000- Seismic imaging of the 1999 Izmit (Turkey) rupture inferred from the near-fault recordings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27: 3013-3016.
8
Das, S. & Aki, K., 1977- A numerical study of two-dimensional spontaneous rupture propagation, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 50: 643-668.
9
Fu, B., Ninomiya, Y., Lei, X., Toda, S. & Awata, Y., 2004- Mapping active fault associated with the 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam (SE Iran) earthquake with ASTER 3D images, Rem. Sens. Envir., 92: 153-157.
10
Heaton, T. H., 1990- Evidence for an implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 64: 1-20.
11
Ida, Y., 1972- Cohesive force across tip of a longitudinal- shear crack and Griffith's specific surface energy, J. Geophys. Res., 77: 3796-3805.
12
Jafargandomi, J., Fatemi Aghda, M., Suzuki, S. & Nakamura, T., 2004- Strong ground motions of the 2003 Bam earthquake, southeast of Iran (Mw=6.5), Bull. Earthq. Res. Ins. 79: 47-57.
13
Madariaga, R. & Olsen, K.B., 2000- Criticality of rupture dynamics in 3-d, Pure Appl. Geophys., 157: 1981-2001.
14
Nakamura, T., Suzuki, S., Sadeghi, H., Fatemi Aghda, M., Matsushima, T., Ito, Y., Hosseini, K., Jafar Gandomi, A. & Maleki, M., 2005- Source fault structure of the 2003 Bam earthquake, southeastern Iran, inferred from the aftershock distribution and its relation to the heavily damaged area: Existence of the Arg-e-Bam fault proposed, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L09308, doi: 1029/2005GL022631.
15
Page, M. T., Dunham, E. & Carlson, J. M., 2005- Distinguishing barriers and asperities in near-source ground motion, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B11302, doi: 10.1029/2005JB003736.
16
Palmer, A. C. & Rice, J. R., 1973- The growth of slip surfaces in the progressive failure of over-consolidated clay, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser: A, 332: 527-548.
17
Spudich, P. & Cranswick, E., 1984- Direct observation of rupture propagation during the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake using a short baseline accelerometer array, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 74: 2083-2114.
18
Talebian, M., Fielding, E. J., Funning, G. J., Ghorashi, M., Jackson, J., Nazari, H., Pasons, B., Priestley, K., Rosen, P. A., Walker, R. & Wright, T. J., 2004- The 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake – rupture of a blind strike slip fault, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, xxxx,doi: 10.1029/20046GL020058.
19
Tatar, M., Hatzfeld, D., Moradi, A. S. & Paul, A., 2005- The 2003 December 26 Bam earthquake (Iran), Mw 6.6 aftershock sequence, Geophys. J. Int., 163, 90-105.
20
Wang, R., Xia, Y., Grosser, H., Wetzel, U., Kaufmann, H. & Zschau, J., 2004 - The 2003 Bam (SE Iran) earthquake: precise source parameters from satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. J. Int., 10.1111/j .1365-246X.2004.02467x.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Definition and Comparison Improved Mundry’s Integral with Mundry’s Integral on HEM Data Inverse Modeling
It is about 30 years that Helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) surveys are being used for rapid mineral and ground water exploration, environmental investigations and also geological mapping in extensive areas. Despite this, one of the most important problems in using obtained data from the surveys is accurate interpretation of the data. Otherwise, there will be no beneficial results while spending high costs. Thus the interpretation of the data is as old as the surveys. Several experts have tried to improve the interpretation of HEM data and they have achieved great successes. Almost the results of all these surveys are presented as resistivity (or conductivity)-depth sections. To reach this target, the first step is to solve the electromagnetic induction integral equation. As solving this integral is not possible using analytical methods, several numerical methods such as Laplace transformation, Hankel transformation and Jacobi-Matrix methods have been suggested for the solution of the integral, and different approaches have been presented with each method by various authorities. One of the most important solution methods is fast Hankel transformation. In this paper, it is attempted to use this method for finally obtaining resistivity-depth sections. For solving the induction equation by this method, we need the kernel function of the integral and weighting coefficients that replace the Bessel function in the integral. For this, first we use the Guptasarma-Singh method. Then results of this method are corrected and evaluated. Then, these results will be analyzed and tested with two synthetic models in addition to presenting the results of inverse modeling. Finally, by adding new parameter named α0 to induction equation, we will clearly see an improvement in the results of inverse modeling. Meanwhile, the problem of singularity that occurs at high frequencies is almost removed.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55453_dafeb972dc122c1d9e0c9ad3c5fe3dca.pdf
2010-05-22
115
118
10.22071/gsj.2010.55453
Helicopter electromagnetic
Inverse modeling
Mundry’s integral
Improved Mundry’s integral
A.R.
Arab-Amiri
aamiri@gsi.ir
1
Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Moradzadeh
a_moradzadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, Iran.
AUTHOR
D.
Rajabi
3
Shahrood University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood, Iran.
AUTHOR
B.
Siemon
4
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany.
AUTHOR
N.
Fathianpour
5
Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Faculty of Mining Engineering, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
References
1
Fraser, D. C., 1978- Resistivity mapping with an airborne multi-coil electromagnetic system, Geophysics, 43: 144–172.
2
Guptasarma, D. & Singh, B., 1997- New digital filters for Hankel J0 and J1 transforms, Geophysical Prospecting, 45: 745-762.
3
Mundry, E., 1984- On the interpretation of airborne electromagnetic data for the two-layer case: Geophysical Prospecting, 32: 336–346.
4
Sengpiel, K. P. & Siemon, B., 1998- Examples of 1D inversion of multifrequency AEM data from 3D resistivity distributions, Exploration Geophysics, 29: 133–141.
5
Sengpiel, K. P. & Siemon, B., 2000- Advanced inversion methods for airborne electromagnetic, Exploration. Geophysics, 65: 1983–1992.
6
Sengpiel, K. P., 1990- Theoretical and practical aspects of ground-water exploration using airborne electromagnetic techniques. In: Fitterman, D.V. (ed.), Proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Developments and Applications of Modern Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys. 1987: Golden, Co, 149–154. USGS Bulletin 1925, Denver, Co.
7
Siemon, B., 2001- Improved and new resistivity –depth profiles for helicopter electromagnetic data. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 46: 65– 76.
8
Siemon, B., 2007- Levelling of helicopter-borne frequency-domain electromagnetic data, Journal of Applied Geophysics, xx: xxx-xxx.
9
Wait, J. R., 1982- Geo-Electromagnetism, Academic Press Inc, New York.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Study of Calcareous Nannofossils Correlation and Foraminifera Planktonic of Gurpi Formation in East of Behbahan
Nannofossils and foraminifera planktonic have been short range stratigraphy and spread vast geographical because of that two fossils groups can be used for subdividing biostratigraphy. According to this, and due to the lack of any correlational paleontological study, the nannofossils of Gurpi Formation have been investigated in north of Gachsaran. This formation has been formed of marl. As a result of this study and based on the obtained nannofossils and foraminifera planktonic, the studied section is Late Santonian to Late Maastrichtian in age, that corresponding to CC16-CC26 Zones (Sissingh, 1977) and Dicarinella asymetrica- Globotruncanita elevata Zone toAbathomphalus mayaroensis Zone (James & wind, 1985).
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55455_9954098d7497852075951140babffbba.pdf
2010-05-22
119
126
10.22071/gsj.2010.55455
Corrolation
Calcareous Nannofossils
Planktonic Foraminifera
Gurpi Formation
East of Behbahan
saeedeh
senemari
senemari2004@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Mining, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
L.
Fazli
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of science, Islamic-Azad University, Damavand, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Omrani
m_amravani@yahoo.com
3
Department of Geology, Faculty of science, Islamic-Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Arkhangelsky, A. D., 1912- Upper cretaceous deposits of east European Russia. Geol. Russ., 25, 1-631.
2
Bown, P. R., 1991- Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 314.
3
Bukry, D., Bramlette, M. N., 1970- coccolith age determination leg 3, Deep sea Drilling project.Initial Rep. Deep Sea drill. Proj, 3, 589-611.
4
Cepek, P. & Hay, W. W., 1970- Zonation of the upper cretaceous using calcareous nannoplankton. palaobotanik, B, 3(3-4), 333-400.
5
Crux, j. A., 1982- Upper cretaceous (cenomanian to campanian) calcareous nannofossils .In:A .R.lord(ed.),A stratigraphical index of calcareous nannofossils ,pp.81-135.British micropal.soc.
6
Perch -Nielsen, K., 1985a- "Mesozoic Calcareous Nannofossils".: In Bolli, H. M.; Saunders, J. B.; Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Press Univ. 329 - 426.
7
Sissingh, W., 1977- Biostratigraphy of cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie en minjbouw, 56, 37-65.
8
James G.A. and Wynd J.G., 1965- Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement area. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 49. P
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modification of Anbalagan Method for Slide Hazard Zonation in Coastal Desert Area
A new method is developed using modification of Anbalagan method (1992) for slide hazard zonation in coastal desert area. A region in the south of Iran is studied using the method, and the result is compared with the result of zonation using Anbalagan method. This comparison shows that the use of new method can provide better results for slide hazard zonation in coastal desert area in the middle scales.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55457_eb1292fa1109030af7ff6570c80cf160.pdf
2010-05-22
127
132
10.22071/gsj.2010.55457
Hazard zonation
Landslide
Slide
Coastal Desert Area
M.
Mahdavifar
mahdavif@iiees.ac.ir
1
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
ارومیهای، ع. و امینیزاده، م. ر.، ١٣٧٧- ارزیابی خطر زمینلغزش در حوزه آبخیز هلیلرود, مجموعه مقالات دومین همایش ملی رانش زمین و راههای مقابله با خطرات آن، سنندج.
2
حائری، س. م. و سمیعی، الف. ح.، 1376- روش جدید پهنهبندی مناطق شیبدار در برابر خطر زمینلغزش با تکیه بر بررسیهای پهنهبندی استان مازندران، فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی علوم زمین، سال ششم، شماره24 سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی.
3
حیدری، ح.، 1378- تحلیل عناصر اقلیمی ایران به منظور ارائه یک الگوی طبقهبندی، پایاننامه دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، گروه جغرافیا.
4
مهدویفر، م. ر.، و منتظرالقائم، س.، 1382- مطالعات پیشاهنگ پهنهبندی خطر زمینلغزش در جنوب البرز مرکزی. پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزله شناسی و مهندسی زلزله، گزارش طرح تحقیقاتی برای کمیته فرعی- تخصصی مقابله با خطرات ناشی از زلزله و لغزش لایههای زمین.
5
میرصانعی، س. ر.، و کاردان، ر.، 1378- نگرشی تحلیلی بر ویژگیهای زمینلغزشهای کشور، مجموعه مقالات اولین کنفرانس زمینشناسی مهندسی و محیط زیست ایران، دانشگاه تربیت معلم، ص247-258.
6
References
7
Abolmasod, B. & Stojkov, K., 1994- The influence of the landslide on urban planning in Belgrade city, Proc. of 7th. International Congress, International Association of Engineering Geology, Lisbon, Portugal, 3: 2161-2168.
8
Anbalagan, R., 1992- Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in mountainous terrain. Engineering Geology, 32: 269-278.
9
Carrara, A., Pugliese-Carratelli, E., & Merenda, L., 1977- Computer-based data bank and statistical analysis of slope instability phenomena. Z. Geomorph. N. F., 21(2): 187-222.
10
Gee, M. D., 1992- Classification of landslide hazard zonation methods and a test of predictive capability. In:Bell D.H(ed.).Proc. 6th International Symposium on Landslides, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2: 947-952.
11
Keefer, D. K., 1993- The susceptibility of rock slope to earthquake-induced failure, Ass. Engg. Geog. Bull., 30: 353-361.
12
Mathew, J., Jha, V. K. , & Rawat, G. S., 2007- Weights of evidence modelling for landslide hazard zonation mapping in part of Bhagirathi valley, Uttarakhand, Current Science Online, http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/mar102007/628.pdf
13
Neaupane, K. M. & Piantanakulchai, M., 2006- Analytic network process model for landslide hazard zonation, Engineering Geology, 85(3-4): 281-294.
14
Turrini, M. C., Semenza, P. & Abu Zeid, N., 1994- Landslide Hazard Zonation of the Alpago Area (Belluno, Northern Italy)", 7th. International Congress, International Association of Engineering Geology, Lisbon, Portugal, Vol.3, pp. 2181-2189.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petrogenesis of Chah Salar Granitoidic Pluton (SW of Neishabour)
Chah Salar granitoidic pluton is located in the N of Chah-Salar village, SW of Neishabour, in the northern margin of structural Central Iran zone. This pluton intruded in Sabzevar ophiolitic Zone and based on the field observations, petrographical and geochemical classification diagrams, its lithological composition composed of diorite, quartzdiorite, granodiorite and alkali feldspar granite. Alkali feldspar granites as a much fractionated end-members of this rock association are intruded in this pluton in the form of dikes or apophyse shapes. Granitic pegmatites and their associated quartzolites are the most differentiated end-member of this rock association. Their subvolcanic equivalents such as pyroxene-bearing andesite, andesite, trachyandesite and dacite cut this pluton in the forms of dikes or domes. The studied rocks show variety of textures including granular, myrmekitic, graphic, porphyritic, microlitic porphyry and pilotaxitic. Except alkali feldspar granites which are highly fractionated, the other lithological compositions, on the variations diagrams of major, trace and rare earth elements versus SiO2 or differentiation index show continuous compositional variations. This pluton has calc-alkaline and metaluminous nature and belongs to I-type granitoids. Also tectonic setting discrimination diagrams indicate that the Chah Salar granitoidic pluton belongs to volcanic arc granitoids (VAG) and continental arc granitoids (CAG). Detailed investigations of field geology, petrography and geochemical characteristics indicate that magma-forming of this pluton is resulted from partial melting of subducted oceanic slab (metabasite) or metasomatized mantle wedge and then evolved by fractional crystallization, magma contamination or magma mixing.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55458_764c3fa71cb5d964b60ea10bb03231e5.pdf
2010-05-22
133
150
10.22071/gsj.2010.55458
Petrogenesis
Granitoidic pluton
Continental Arc Granitoids
Fractional Crystallization
Chah Salar
Neishabour
M.
Sadeghian
m.sadeghian1392@gmail.com
1
دانشکده علومزمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Ghasemi
h-ghasemi@shahroodut.ac.ir
2
دانشکده علومزمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
AUTHOR
Z.
Farsi
3
دانشکده علومزمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
AUTHOR
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 620 صفحه.
1
ادهمی، ف.، 1376 - پتروگرافی، ژئوشیمی و پترولوژی افیولیتهای منطقه باغجر سبزوار، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
2
اکرمی، م.ع.، عسگری، ع.، 1375 - نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 سلطانآباد، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
بازوبندی، م. ح.، 1379 - مطالعه پتروگرافی و پترولوژی مجموعه دگرگونی سلطان آباد در ارتباط با مجموعه افیولیت ملانژ سبزوار، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تهران.
4
بغدادی، ا.، 1379- کاربرد ویژگیهای ژئوشیمیایی و پترولوژیکی در تعیین موقعیت تکتونیکی ولکانیکهای فرومد (شمالغرب سبزوار)، 35 صفحه، گزارش داخلی سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
5
بهرودی، ا.، خلقی، م. ج.، 1370- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:250000 تربتحیدریه، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
6
رادفر، ج. و کهنسال، ر.، 1377- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 ، داورزن، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
7
رادفر، ج. ، 1380 - نقشه زمینشناسی1:100000 صفیآباد، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
8
سودی شعار، پ.، 1375- پتانسیلیابی کرومیت و بررسی افیولیتهای سیاه کوه شمالغرب سبزوار، پایان نامه کارشناسیارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر.
9
صادقی، ع.، 1388- پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی توده گرانیتوئیدی ششتمد (جنوب سبزوار) پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدة علوم زمین دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود ، 160 صفحه.
10
صادقیان م.، قاسمی، ح.، 1386- پترولوژیو ژئوشیمی تودههای آذرین بعد از ائوسن نوار افیولیتی سبزوار، یازدهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
11
صالحی نژاد رنجبر، ح.، 1387- پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی گنبدهای ساب ولکانیک منطقه باشتین(غرب سبزوار)، پایان نامه کارشناسیارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود.
12
علوی تهرانی، ن.، 1356- زمینشناسی و سنگشناسی مجموعه افیولیتی ناحیه سبزوار، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور، گزارش شماره 43.
13
فارسی، ز.، 1386- پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی توده گرانیتوییدی چاه سالار(جنوبغرب نیشابور)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، دانشکده علوم زمین.
14
قاسمی، ر.، 1379- نگرشی بر جنبههای اقتصادی افیولیتهای غرب منطقه سبزوار- گفت، پایان نامه کارشناسیارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران.
15
قریب، ف.، فتونی، و.، 1382 - نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 جاجرم، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
16
گوهرشاهی، ر.، 1380- پترولوژی، ژئوشیمی و تکتونیک توده گرانیتوییدی مجاور کوهمیش واقع در جنوب سبزوار، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران.
17
مجیدی شهر کردی، ع. و فرهادی، ق.، 1369- مطالعه پتروگرافی نوار افیولیتی شمال سبزوار،پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.
18
مجیدی، ج.، 1378- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 سبزوار، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
19
مصلحی، ز.، 1383 - کانیشناسی و پترولوژی رودنژیتهای بخشی از افیولیتهای سبزوار(مناطق باغجر و سلیمانیه)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، 103 صفحه.
20
نادری میقان، ن.، 1377- ب- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 شامکان، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
21
نادری میقان، ن.، 1377- الف- نقشه زمینشناسی 1:100000 کدکن، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
22
References
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Abdollah, S. A., Said, A. A., Visona, D., 1997- New geochemical and petrographic data on the gabbro-syenite suite between Hargeysa and Berbera Shiikh(North Somalia). J. of African Earth ciences, Vol, 23, No.3. pp.303-373.
24
Alavi- Tehrani, N., 1975 - On the metamorphism in the ophiolitic rocks in the Sabzevar Region (NE-Iran). Report presented Tehran Symposium on the Geodynamics of Southwest Asia.
25
Alavi- Tehrani, N., 1976 – Geology and petrology in ophiolite range NW of Sabzevar (Khorasan / Iran) with special regard to metamorphism and genetic relations in an ophiolite suite. Dissertation der Mathemathisch – Naturwissen schaftlichen Fakultät der universität Saarland, 147 P.
26
Alavi, M., 1991- Sedimentary and structural characteristics of the Paleo- Tethys remnants in northeastern Iran. Geol. Soc. Of Amer. Bull. V. 103, PP. 983-992.
27
Altherr, R., Hall, A., Henger, E., langer, Kreuzer, H., 2002 – High potassium, calc-alkaline I-type plutonism the Euro peanvariscides Northern Vosges (France) and Northern Schwarzwald (Germany). Lithos, 50, pp: 51-73.
28
Bauman. A., Spies. O. and Lensch. G., 1983 - Strantium isotopic composition of post-ophiolithic tertiary volcanics between Kashmar, Sabzevar and Quchan, NE Iran. Geodynamic project (geotraverse) in Iran, Final report. GSI. Report No. 53. Chappell, B. W. and White, A. J. R., 2001 - Two contrasting granite types. 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 48, 489-499.
29
Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D. and Pankhurst, R. J., 1979 - The interpretation of igneous rocks. George Allen and Unwin, 450p.
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Debon, F. and Le Fort, P. 1983- A chemical mineralogical classification of plutonic roks and associations. Transactions of Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth science. 73.135-149.
31
Furnes, H., El-Sayed, M., Khalil, S. O., 1996 - Pan- African magmatism in the wadi-El-imra district, central Desert, Egept: geochemistry & tectonic environment, Jou, Geo. Soc. Vol. 153.
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Hansen J. , Skjerlie K. P. , Pedersen R. B, De La Rosa, J., 2002- Crustal melting in the lower parts of island arcs: an example from the Bremanger Granitoid Complex, west Norwegian Caledonides, Contribution to mineralogy and petrology, 143, 316 – 335.
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Irvin, T. N. & Baragar, W. R. A., 1971- A guide to the classification of the common volcanic rocks, Can. Jour. Earth. Sci., No. 8, PP. 235 – 458.
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Maniar, P. D. & Picooli, P. M., 1989 - Tectonic discrimination of granitoids, Geo. Soc. of Am. Bull., Vol. 101 , P. 635 – 643 .
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Middlemost, E. A. K., 1994 - Naming materials in the magma/ igneousrock system. Longman Group U.K., PP. 73 – 86.
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Nakamura, N., 1974 – Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary condrites. Geochimica. et. Cosmochimica Acta, 6, 90- 100.
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Noghreyan, M. K., 1982 – Evolution gèochemique, minèralogique et structural d’un èdifice ophiolitique singulier: Le massif de Sabzevar(partie centrale), NE de l’Iran(PhD Thèse). Thèse ès Sci. univ. de Nancy I, France. 239 P.
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Pearce, J. A., Harris, N. B. W. and Thindle, A. G., 1984 - Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25: 956 – 983.
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Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S. R., 1976 – Geochemistry of Eocene calc - alkaline rocks from Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63-81.
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Rahgoshay, M. S., H., 2002 - The Nain's ophiolite as an indicator of a paleo- Tethys segment in Central Iran,. J. of Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 8-9, 45-52.
41
Rollinson, H., 1993- Using geochemical data: Evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Longman, Singapore.
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Šarić, K., Cvetković, V., Romer, R. L., Christofides, G., Koroneos, A., 2008- Granitoids associated with East Vardar ophiolites (Serbia, F.Y.R. of Macedonia and northern Greece): Origin, evolution and geodynamic significance inferred from major and trace element data and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes, Lithos, in press.
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Shand, S. J., 1943 - Eruptive rocks. Composition, classification and their relation to ore deposits. With a chapter on meteorite. New Yorks: john Wiley & sons.
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Schandl, E. S. & Gorton, M. P. ,2002- Application of high field strength elements to discriminate tectonic settings in VMS environments. Economic Geology 97, 629–642.
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Shojaat, B., Hassanipak, A. A., Mobasher, K., Ghazi, A. M., 2003 - Petrology, Geochemistry and tectonics of the Sabzevar Ophiolite, North Central Iran,. Jorunal of Asian Earth Sciences, 1-15.
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Spies, O., Lencsh. G. and Mihm, A., 1980 - Geochemistry of the post – ophiolitic tertiary volcanics between Sabzevar and Guchan / NE – Iran. Internal report of geological and mining exploration of Iran, 248-263.
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Sun, S. S., and McDonough, W. F., 1989 - Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implication for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A. D. and Norry, M. J. (eds), Magmatism in oceanic basins. Geol. Soc. London. Spec. Pub., 42, 313-345.
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Sylvester, P. J., 1989 - Post collisional alkaline granites. J. Geol. 97, 261-280.
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Takahashi, M., Aramaki, S. and Ishihara, S., 1980- Magnetite-series / Ilmenite-series vs. I-type/S-type granitoids, Mining geology special issue, No. 8, p. 13-28.
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Villaseca, C., Barbero, L. & Heneros, V., 1998- A re-examination of the typology of peraluminous granite types in intracontinental orogenic belts. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburge, Earth Sciences, 89, 113- 119.
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Whalen, J. B., Currie, K. L., Chappell, B. W., 1987- A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 407– 419.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Properties of Young Volcanic Rocks in southeast of Bijar
In the south of Bijar, north east of Sanandaj in the Kordestan Province, and in the Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone, young volcanic rocks are present. In this area, rocks with Cretaceous, Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene ages are also observed. Based on field observations, volcanic activities occurred during two main stages. In the first stage, eruption of pyroclastic material made a volcanic cone and a crater. In the next stage, lava erupted. Volcanic rocks are a combination of trachy-andesite, andesite, andesite-basalt and basalt. In the magma poor in silica, presence of olivine and analcime and lack of orthopyroxene and pygeonite are the evidence of alkaline type magma series. Petrographical evidences such as the existence of gneiss xenoliths and quartz xenocrysts with reaction rims are the results of contamination processes. In terms of geochemistry, the variations of Rb, Sr, Pb and Hf confirm this phenomenon as well. Based on low topography of volcanic rocks, suture zone, strike-slip faults, and petrologic evidence, low degrees of partial melting in source and crustal contamination in the region, the magmatism occurred in a tensional tectonomagmatic environment. Local tension and opening along the strike-slip fault zone provided a way for ascending of magma to the earth surface.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55463_ae77b7b424207c80e6955f0831c236a7.pdf
2010-05-22
151
156
10.22071/gsj.2010.55463
Bijar
Alkaline Series
Sanandaj-Sirjan
Contamination
M. H.
Razavi
razavi@saba.tum.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Sayyareh
sayyareh43@yahoo.com
2
Department of Enviromental Geology, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
زاهدی، م.، 1369- شرح نقشه 000،1:2500 سنندج، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور65 ص
2
زاهدی، م.، 1369- نقشه 000،1:2500 سنندج، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور.
3
فنودی، م .، صافی، ا. و سیاره، ع.، 1383- نقشه 000 ،100/1 بیجار ، سازمان زمینشناسی کشور
4
معین وزیری، ح.، امین سبحانی، 1364- مطالعه آتشفشانهای جوان منطقه تکاب – قروه انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران 48ص
5
معینوزیری، ح.، 1377 – دیباچهای بر ماگماتیسم ایران، انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران440.ص
6
References
7
Berberian, F., Berberian, M., 1981- Tectonic-plutonic episode in Iran.In: Delany F. M., Gupta H.K. (Eds.) Am. Geophys. Union Geodynamics Series. Pp. 5-32.
8
Boccaletti, M., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzuoli, R., Matamed, A., Pasquare, G., Radicati Di Brozolo, F., Amin Sobhani, E., 1977- Neogene and quaternary volcanism of the Bijar(Western Iran)Bull.Volcano.Vo.40-2,Italy.
9
Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D. and Pankhurst, R. J., 1979- the interpretation of igneous rocks.Allen & Union. London.
10
Irvine, T., Baragar, N., Can, W. P. A., 1971- Journal Earth Sci., 8, 523-548.
11
Mason, B., Morre, C. B., 1982- Principles of geochemistry. Jhon Wiley & Sons. Inc., New York.
12
Meschede, M., 1986- A method of discriminating between different types of mid –ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chem. Geol., 56, 207-218.
13
Middlemost, E. A. K., 1985- Magmas and magmatic rocks, an introduction to igneous petrology. Longman Groupuk. UK.
14
Mullen, E. D., 1983- MnO/TiO2/P2O5: a minor element discriminant for basaltic rocks of oceanic environments and its implications for petrogensis Earth Plant. Sci. Lett., 62,53-62
15
Pearce, J. A. & Cann, J. R., 1973- Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace elementanalayses . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,19, 290-300.
16
Pearce, J. A. & Norry, M. J., 1979- Petrogenetic implication of Ti,Zr,Y and Nb variationsin volcanic rocks. Con. Min.Petrol.69:33-47
17
Philpotts, A. R., 1990- Principles of igneous and metamorphic Petrology.Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
18
Rollinson, H. r., 1993- using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Intertation [(Meschede 1986,Diagram: Zr/4- Y- Nb*2) (Mullen 1983,Diagram: MnO*10- P2O5*10- TiO2)] Longman/Wyllie. Harlow/ New York.
19
Stocklin, J., 1968- Stractural history and tectonics of Iran: a review. AAPG Bulletin52: 1229-1258.
20
Winchester, J. A. & Floyd, P. A., 1977- Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements.Chem. Geol. 20,325-343
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geochemical and Mass Changes at the Sar-Faryab Bauxite Deposit, Kohgeloye and Bovair-Ahmad Province: Using Al, Ti, Zr and Y Geochemical Characteristics
The Sar-Faryab bauxite deposit is located in 250 km east of Ahvaz city in Kohgeloye and Bovair-Ahmad Province, Iran. Structurally the deposit is located in the Zagros Simply Fold Mountain Belt and was formed between the Ilam and Sarvak Formations. The bauxite horizon in this deposit consists of marly limestone, argillite, oolitic-Pisolitic, yellow, red and white bauxite. This study uses the geochemistry of immobile elements (Al, Ti, Zr and Y) to trace the precursor rock of the bauxite deposit and to calculate the mass changes that took place during weathering and bauxitization. The result indicates that elements are depleted and elements are enriched during the weathering and bauxitization. Geochemical data show that argillaceous debris in the Sarvak limestone can be the source of the Sar-Faryab bauxite deposit.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55464_4eafc28f0550faac43efd387cc5d29aa.pdf
2010-05-22
157
164
10.22071/gsj.2010.55464
Geochemical Variations
Bauxite
Sar-Faryab
Mass changes
A.
Zarasvandi
zarasvandi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciencees, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Zamanian
hasanzamanian@yahoo.com
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciencees, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Hejazi
3
Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
A.H.
Mansour
4
Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciencees, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Alavi, M., 1994- Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: newdata and interpretations. Tectonophysics 229, 211–238.
2
Bárdossy, G., 1982- Karst Bauxites. Bauxite Deposits on Carbonate Rocks. Developments in Economic Geology, 14. Elsevier. 441 pp.
3
Dana, J. D, 2001- Manual of Mineralogy. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 583 pp.
4
Krauskopf, K. B., 1996- Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw-Hill, 721 pp.
5
MacLean,W. H., Bonavia, F. F., Sanna, G., 1997- Argillite debris converted to bauxite during karst weathering: evidence from immobile element geochemistry at the Olmedo Deposit, Sardinia. Mineralium Deposita 32, 607–616.
6
MacLean, W. H., 1990- Mass change calculations in altered rock series. Mineralium Deposita. 25, 44–49.
7
MacLean, W. H. and Kranidiotis, P., 1987- Immobile elements as monitors of mass transfer in hydrothermal alteration: Phelps dodge massive sulfide deposit, Matagami. Quebec. Econ. Geol. 82, 951–962.
8
Zarasvandi, A., Charchi, A., Carranza. E. J. M., Alizadeh. B., 2008- Karst bauxite deposit in the Zagros mountain belt, Iran, Ore Geology Reviews, 32, P. 521-532.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inverse Modeling of Magnetic Data Using Subspace Method
In this paper we used orthogonal basis functions and expansion coefficients for inverse modeling of magnetic data. The basis functions chosen are normalized eigenvectors of second derivation of the objective function (Hessian matrix) calculate for an initial model. Limited number of basis vectors obtained in this way defines a new subspace in model parameters space. A new objective function is defined in term of these new parameters and minimized in subspace of original space. As in geophysical inverse problems we need to inverse matrixes that are functions data and geometry of data and model parameters. The matrix inversion in new subspace of the original space will be better conditions due to less dimensionality in the inversion. Since the most significant eigenvectors corresponding the largest eigen values in Singular Value Decomposition ( SVD) of matrixes. Others eigenvectors have less influence in fitting data or lead inversion procedures to local minima. With apply subspace method inversion will be fast and stable against the noise. The efficiency of the method is tested with synthetic and real magnetic data (acquired from Moghan area, north-west of Iran). The results proved fast convergence and stability of inversion against the noise.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55466_0fba60f512de32f1325a72f89a1f1e4a.pdf
2010-05-22
165
174
10.22071/gsj.2010.55466
Inverse modeling
Subspace method
Convergence
Matrix Projection
Orthogonal Functions
A.
Nejati Kalateh
1
Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mirzaei
2
Science Faculty, Arak University, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Gouya
3
Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Shahin
4
Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Corbato, C. E., 1965- A least-square procedure for gravity interpretation. Geophysics 30,228-233
1
Jackson, D. D., 1972- Interpretation of inaccurate and inconsistent data, Geophys J.R.Astr.Soc. 28, 97-109
2
Kennett, B. L. N. & Sambridge, M. S., 1998- Inversion for multiple parameter classes. Geophys.J.int. 135, 304-306
3
Kennett, B. L. N. & Williamson, P. R., 1988- Subspace methods for large-scale nonlinear inversion, Mathematical Geophysics: a survey of recent development in seismology and geodynamics, Dordrecht. Pp. 139-154.
4
Kunaratnam, K., 1972- An interactive method for solution of a non linear inverse problem in magnetic interpretation. Geophysical Prospecting 20, 439-447
5
Menke, W., 1989- Geophysical data analysis: discrete inverse theory. Academic press Inc.
6
Mickus, K. L., 1992- Inversion of gravity and magnetic data for lower surface of a 2.5 dimensional sedimentary basin. Geophysical Prospecting 40, 171-191
7
Minichetti, V., 1983- Simultaneous interactive magnetic and gravity inversion. Geophysical Prospecting 31, 929-944
8
Mirzaei, M. & Bredewout, J. W., 1996- 3-D Microgravity data inversion for detecting cavities, European journal of environmental and engineering geophysics, 1, 249-270
9
Oldenburg, D. W., McGillivary, P. R. & Ellis, R. G., 1993- Generalized subspace method for large-scale inverse problems. Geophys.J.int. 114, 12-20
10
Oldenburg, D. W., Unsworth, M., 1995- Subspace inversion of electromagnetic data: application to mid-ocean-ridge exploration. Geophys.J.int. 123, 161-168
11
Pederson, L. B., 1977- Interpretation of potential field data A generalized inverse approach. Geophysical Prospecting 25, 199-230
12
Sambridge, M. S., 1990- Non-linear arrival time inversion: constraining velocity anomalies by seeking smooth models in 3-D. Geophys.J.int. 102, 635-677
13
Thurston, J. B., Smith, R. S., Guillon, J., 2002- A multimodel method for depth estimation from magnetic data. Geophysics. 67, 555-561
14
Wiggins, R. A., 1972- The general linear inverse problem: Implication of surface waves and free oscillation of earth structure. Rev Geophysics and space physics 10, 251-258
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrocarbon Potential Evaluation and Depositional Environment of Sargelu Formation in Masjid-i-Soleiman Oilfield
Sargelu Formation is deeply buried and has limited distribution in Dezful Embayment (limited to the northern part), hence, investigation of petroleum potential of this formation has attracted many petroleum geologists. In this study, hydrocarbon potential of Sargelu Formation in Northern Dezful Embayment is evaluated geochemically. For this purpose 34 drill cuttings from well numbers, 309, 310, 312 and 316 in Masjid-i-Soleiman (MIS) oilfield were selected, and geochemical analyses such as Rock-Eval VI pyrolysis and PY-GC were performed. The results reveal that the formation has “Very Good” hydrocarbon potential because of its high amounts of Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Results were plotted on Van-Krevelen as well as on HI vs. Tmax diagrams, and demonstrated mixed Kerogen Type III and IV due to low HI caused by higher thermal maturity, in well numbers 309, 310 and 312. However, the prominent Kerogen type was determined to be of mixed Kerogen type II and III. In all, the organic matter in well No. 316 has a better Kerogen type (mixed type II and III). All the Samples plotted on Smith Diagram have more than 0.1 S1/TOC ratios and capable of generating hydrocarbon. The Pr/nC17 vs. Ph/nC18 ratio demonstrates marine environment for Sargelu Formation. Pyro and thermograms reveal that normal alkanes are dominated in C15 – C20 range, while heavy normal alkanes are missing due to its high thermal maturity. In all it can be concluded that Sargelu Formation in MIS oilfield, due to its paleoenvironment as well as burial depth exclusively has a good quality of organic matter with adequate maturity at the end of oil window and hence is gas-prone.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55468_6c107c8eb0130c993992d2082063e429.pdf
2010-05-22
173
178
10.22071/gsj.2010.55468
Dezful embayment
Masjid-i-Soleiman Oilfield
Sargelu Formation
Genetic Potential
Depositional environment
Rock-Eval
Pyrolysis– Gas Chromatography
B.
Alizadeh
alizadeh@scu.ac.ir
1
Department of Geology, Earth Science Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. H.
Hosseini
2
Department of Geology, Earth Science Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
کتابنگاری
1
آقانباتی، ع.، 1383- زمینشناسی ایران، انتشارات سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 صفحه.
2
حسینی، س. ح.، علیزاده، ب.؛ قلاوند، ه.، 1385- تعیین میزان جذب هیدروکربن توسط ماتریکس سنگ منشأ سازند سرگلو؛ میدان نفتی مسجد سلیمان. بیست و پنجمین گردهمایی علوم زمین، 30 بهمن ماه الی 2 اسفندماه 1385، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
3
علیزاده، ب.، آدابی، م. ح.، تژه، ف.، 1385- ارزیابی پتانسیل هیدروکربورزائی سنگهای منشأ احتمالی در میدان نفتی مارون با استفاده از دستگاه پیرولیز راک ـ ایول 6، مجله علوم دانشگاه تهران.جلد سی و دوم، شماره 3، پائیز 1385، بخش زمینشناسی (2)، از صفحه 267 تا 274.
4
علیزاده، ب.، حسینی، س. ح.، قلاوند، ه.،1385- بررسی پتانسیل هیدروکربوری سازند سرگلو در میدان نفتی مسجدسلیمان با استفاده از دستگاه پیرولیز راکایول VI. بیست و پنجمین گردهمایی علوم زمین، 30 بهمن ماه الی 2 اسفندماه 1385، سازمان زمینشناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
5
References
6
Alizadeh, B., Adabi, M. H. & Tezheh, F., 2007- Oil-Oil Correlation of Asmari and Bangestan Reservoirs using Gas Chromatography (GC) and stable isotopes of carbon and sulfur in Marun Oilfield, S.W. Iran. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology. V.31, no. A3. pp. 241-253.
7
Behar, F., Beaumont, V. & Pentea do, B., 2001- Rock-Eval 6 Technology: Performances and Developments, Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Rev. IFB, v. 56, pp.111-134.
8
Bordenave, M. L., 1993- Applied Petroleum Geochemistry. Paris: Editions technip.
9
Espitalie, J., Marquis, F. & Barsony, I., 1984- Geochemical logging. In: Voorhees, K.J. (Ed.), analytical Pyrolysis. Butterworths, Boston, pp. 276-304.
10
Huang, B., Xiao, X. & Zhang, M., 2003- Geochemistry, grouping and origins of crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, Offshore South China Sea. J. of Organic Geochemistry, v.34, p. 993-1008.
11
Hunt, J. M., 1996- Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 743 p.
12
Peters, K. E. & Moldowan, J. M., 2005- The Biomarker Guide, Volume 1: Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
13
Sepehr, M. & Cosgrove, J. W., 2004- Structural framework of the Zagros Fold–Thrust Belt, Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol 21. pp. 829-843.
14
Smith, J. T., 1994- Petroleum systems logic as an exploration tool in a frontier setting. In L.B.Magoon and W.G.Dow (eds.), The petroleum system-from source to trap. AAPG Memoir 6. Tulsa : American Association of Petroleum Geologist, pp.25-49.
15
Waples, D. W., 1985- Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration. Reidel Publish. Cy., Dordrecht, 232 p.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Drilling Point using Fuzzy Logic in GIS Case Study: Now Chun Copper Prospect
Piles of maps from different sources with varying scales and formats and different styles and absence of a proper solution for integrating vast amount of information has resulted in a complexity for preparing mineral potential map. Using GIS not only organizes the information related to mineral exploration but also has the ability to produce and integrate information layers in different models with more precision and speed and supports spatial decision makings. In this article mineral potential map of Now Chun copper prospect has been produced for determination of drilling points. Used layers in this study include rock type, structure, alteration, mineralization indicators, anomaly zone of chargeability and apparent resistivity and metal factor, anomaly of copper and molybdenum and Cu-Mo additive indexes. After information preparation, Factor maps were weighted and integrated in the inference network. Integration use of Fuzzy logic and index overlay operators in inference network can eliminate defects in other models and provide more flexible integration of factor maps. Regarding to produce mineral potential map, mineral potential zones of porphyry copper were located in north-east parts of studied area. Eventually, the degree of correlation between mineral potential map and those operated exploration boreholes have been estimated for two different classes, 63.16 % and 64.52 %. Comparison between the high potential points indicated by our mineral potential maps with those previous drilled boreholes reveals about 26% discorrelation. It means that if such present study had been done before any drilling operation, it could have saved 200,000$ just for drilling expenditure.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_55471_85ad6b814965ef14f74846a194772903.pdf
2010-05-22
179
188
10.22071/gsj.2010.55471
GIS
Mineral Potential Map
Fuzzy logic
Now Chun
G. R.
Elyasi
ghrelyasi@yahoo.com
1
Exploration of Mining Engineering Dep., Mining Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Karimi
2
GIS Department, Survey Faculty, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Bahroudi
bahroudi@ut.ac.ir
3
Exploration of Mining Engineering Dep., Mining Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Adeli Sarcheshme
4
Exploration of Mining Engineering Dep., Mining Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Agterberg, F. P. & Bonham-Carter, G. F., 1990- Deriving weights of evidence from geoscience contour maps for prediction of discrete events. Proceedings of the 22nd APCOM Symposium, Berlin, Germany, v.2, p. 381-395.
2
Agterberg, F. P., 1992- Combining indicator patterns in weights of evidence modeling for resource estimation. Nonrenewable Resources, v.1, p. 39-50.
3
Almasi, A., 2007- Results of drilling in Now Chun, National Iranian Copper Industries Company, Exploration management, Pars Olang Company.
4
An, P., Moon, W. M. & Rencz, A., 1991- Application of fuzzy set theory for integration of geological, geophysical and remote sensing data. Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics, v. 27, 1-11.
5
Asadi, H. H. & Hale, M., 1999- A predictive GIS model for mapping potential gold and base metal mineralization in Takab area, Iran, Computer & Geosciences.9
6
Asadi, H. H., 2000- The Zarshuran gold deposit model applied in mineral exploration GIS in iran, PhD Thesis. ITC, Netherlands, 190pp.
7
Boleneus, D. E., Raines, G. L., Causey, J. D., Bookstrom, A. A., Frost, T. P. & Hyndman, P. C., 2001- Assessment method for epithermal gold deposits in northeast Washington State using weights-of-evidence GIS modeling. USGS Open-File Report 01-501, 52 pp.
8
Bonham-Carter, G. F., 1994- Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modeling with GIS, Pergamon Press, Ontario, Canada.
9
Brown, W. M., Gedeon, T. D., Groves, D. I. & Barnes, R.G., 2000- Artificial neural networks: a new method for mineral prospectivity mapping: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 47, p. 757-770.
10
Carranza, E. J. M., & Hale, M., 2001- Geologically constrained fuzzy mapping of gold mineralization potential, Baguio district, Philippines. Natural Resources Research, v. 10(2), p. 125-136.
11
Carranza, J., 2002- Geographically-Constrained mineral potential mapping, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 480 pp.
12
Karimi, M., Menhaj, M. B. & Mesgari, M. S., 2008a- Mineral potential mapping of copper minearls using fuzzy logic in GIS invironment, ISPRS 2008, Beijing, China.
13
Karimi, M., Valadan Zoj, M., Ebadi, H. & Sahebzamani, N., 2008b- Preparing of Mineral potential map of copper using GIS, Accepted in Geoscience Journal
14
Malczewski, J., 1999- GIS and multicriteria decision analysis, John Wiley & Sons INC.
15
Mukhopadhyay, B., Hazra, N., Sengupta, S. R. & Kumar Das, S., 1996- Mineral potential map by a knowledge driven GIS modeling: an example from Singhbhum Copper Belt, Jharkhad,Geological Survey of India.
16
Porwal, A., 2006- Mineral potential mapping with mathematical geological models. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, 289 pp.
17
Porwal, A., Carranza, E. J. M. & Hale, M., 2003- Knowledge-driven and data-driven fuzzy models for predictive mineral potential mapping. Natural Resources Research, v. 12(1), p. 1-25.
18
Wright, D. F. & Bonham-Carter, G. F., 1996- VHMS favorability mapping with GIS-based integration models, Chisel-Andersen Lake area. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, v. 426, p.339-376.
19
Yugoslavia report, 1972- Report on explorations for copper in Now Chun area. Institute for geological and mining exploration Beograd-Yugoslavia, p.1-39.
20
Zadeh, L. A., 1965- Fuzzy sets. IEEE Information and Control, v.8, p. 338-353.
21