ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Geologic and geochemical investigation on the Mn veins in Jonub-E Sehchangi, SW Birjand, Southern Khorasan province (east Iran)
Mn-bearing veins of Jonub -ESehchangi are located 200 km southwest of Birjand, Southern Khorasan province (east of Iran). These veins are hosted by andesitic rocks of Eocene to Oligocene ages. Ore minerals identified by XRD method and mineralographic studies and are Pyrolusite, cryptomelane, psilomelane, hollandite, hematite and goethite, displaying colloform and open-space filling textures. Gypsum, halite, barite, carbonate and silica are the gangue minerals. Alteration zones, specifically argillic alteration zone, are developed along the vein within the andesitic wall rocks. Based on the mineralogical and geochemical data, the primary manganese minerals were Mn oxides and hydroxides, which have gradually been converted to psilomelane and hollandite, and finally pyrolusite. The average grade of Mn within the veins is 38.61%. Considering the average Mn/Fe ratio (about 48.55) in the Mn-bearing veins, as well as the positive correlation of Sr, U and Ba with Mn mineralization in this area show hydrothermal origin.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58346_48cab7a569deb2490d9b2245f5b14bcb.pdf
2018-02-20
3
12
10.22071/gsj.2018.58346
Behnaz
Barghi
barghibehnaz@yahoo.com
1
PhD economic geology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Asghar
Calagari
2
Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Zarrinkoub
3
Professor, Department of Geology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Vartan
Simmonds
4
Associate Professor, Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Acharya, B. C., Rao, D. S. and Sahoo, P. K., 1997- Mineralogy, chemistry and genesis of Nishikhal Manganes ore of south Orissa, India. Miner. Deposita. 32: 79-93.
1
Aghanabati, A., 1998- Major sedimentary and stuctural units of Iran (map). Geo. sci. J. 7: 29-30.
2
Arjmandzadeh, R., Karimpour, M. H., Mazaheri, S. A., Santos, S. A. J. F., Medina, J. M. and Homam, S. M., 2011- Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Chah-Shaljami granitoids (Lut Block, Eastern Iran). J. Asian. Earth. Sci.41: 283-296.
3
Arjmandzadeh, R. and Santos, J. F., 2014- Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry and tectonomagmatic setting of the Dehsalm Cu–Mo porphyry mineralizing intrusives from Lut Block, eastern Iran. Int. J. Earth. Sci. (Geologische Rundschau) 103: 123–140.
4
Berberian, M., Jackson, J. A., Qorashi, M., Khatib, M. M., Priestley, K., Talebien, M., GHAFURI-ASHTIANI, M., 1999- The 1997 May 10 Zirkuh (Qaenat) earthquake (M.W7.2): Faulting along the Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geophys. J. Int. 136: 671–694.
5
Bolourian, G. H., Vahedi, A., Zohrab, E., Haddadan, M., 2004- Geological map of Iran, Scale 1/100000 Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran.
6
Bonatti, E., 1975- Metallogenesis at oceanic spreading centers. Annu. Rev. Earth. Pl. Sc. 3: 401-431.
7
Bonatti, E., Zerbi, M., KAY, R. and Rydell, H., 1976- Metalliferous deposits from the Apennine ophiolites:Mesozoic equivalent of modern deposits from oceanic spreading center: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 87: 83-94.
8
Bonyadi, Z. and Moore, F., 2006- Geochemistry and Genesis of Narigan ferromanganese deposit Bafgh, Yazd province. Sci. Natural 57: 54-63.
9
Camp, V. E., and Griffis, R. J., 1982- Character, genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan suture zone, eastern Iran. Lithos. 15: 221-239.
10
Choi, J. H. and Hariya, Y., 1992- Geochemistry and depositional environment of Mn oxide deposits in the Tokoro belt, northeastern Hokkaido, Japan.Econ. Geol. 87: 1265–1274.
11
Crerar, D. A., Namson, J., Chyi, M. S., Willams, L. and Feigenson, M. D., 1982- Manganiferous cherts of the Franciscan assemblage: I. General geology, ancient and modern analogues, and implications for hydrothermal convection at oceanic spreading centers: Eco. Geol. 77: 519-540.
12
Flohr, M. J. K. and Huebner, J. S., 1992- Mineral assemblages from Sierra Nevada, California ore deposits and proposed origin [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 20: A300.
13
Heshmat Behzadi, K. and Shahabpour, J., 2010- Metallogeny of Manganese and Ferromanganese Ores in Baft Ophiolitic Melange, Kerman, Iran. Aust. J. Sci. 4: 302-313.
14
Holtsatam, D. and Mansfeld, Y., 2001- Origin of carbonate hosted Fe-Mn- (Ba, As, Pb, Sb, W) deposit of Langbon in Central Sweden, Miner. Deposita. 36: 641-657.
15
Jung, D., Keller, J., Khorasani, R., Marcks, C. H. R., Baumann, A. and Horn, P., 1983- Petrology of the Tertiary magmatic activity the northern Lut area, East of Iran, Ministry of mines and metals. Geological Survey of Iran, Geodynamic Project (Geotraverse) in Iran 51: 285–336.
16
Karakus, A., Yavuz, B. and Koc, S., 2010- Mineralogy and major trace element geochemistry of the haymana manganese mineralizations, Ankara, Turkey. Geo. Chem. Int. 48: 1014-1027.
17
Karimpour, M. H. Stern, C. R. Farmer, L. Saadat, S. and Malekezadeh, A., 2011- A Review of age, Rb-Sr geochemistry and petrogenesis of Jurassic to Quaternary igneous rocks in Lut Block, Eastern Iran. J. Petrol. 1: 19-36.
18
Lotfi, M., 1982- Geological and geochemical investigations on the volcanogenic Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb ore- mineralizations in the Shurab-GaleChah and northwest of Khur (Lut, east of Iran). Unpublished Ph.D thesis, der Naturwissenschaften der Universitat Hamburg, 151 p.
19
Maynard, J., 2010- The chemistry of manganese: a signal of increasing divercity of earth-surface environments. Eco. Geol. 105: 535-552.
20
Monazami Bagherzadeh, R., 1994- Genesis of Mn Mineralization in the Darab area (Fars province, Iran). M.Sc. Thesis, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran, 180 pp. (in Persian with English abstract).
21
Nabatian, G. H., Rastad, E., Neubauer, F., Honarmand, M. and Ghaderi, M., 2015- Iron and Fe–Mnmineralisation in Iran: implications for Tethyan metallogeny, Aust. J. Earth Sci. 62: 211-241.
22
Nicholson, K., 1992- Contrasting mineralogical-geochemical signatures of manganese oxides: Guides to metallogenesis. Eco. Geol. 87: 1253-1264.
23
Pang, K. N., Chung, S. L., Zarrinkoub, M. H., Khatib, M. M., Mohammadi, S. S., Chiu, H. Y., Chu, CH. H., Lee, H. Y. and Lo, CH. H., 2013- Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional magmatism in the Lut-Sistan region, eastern Iran: Magma genesis and tectonic implications. Lithos. 180: 234-251.
24
Richards, J. P., Spell, T., Rameh, E., Razique, A. and Fletcher, T., 2012- High Sr/Y magmas reflect arc maturity, high magmatic water content, and porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au potential: examples from the Tethyan arcs of central and eastern Iran and western Pakistan. Econ. Geol. 107: 295–332.
25
Saadat, S., Stern, C. R. and Karimpour, M. H., 2008- Geochemistry of Quaternary Olivine Basalts from the Lut Block, Eastern Iran. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #T21A-1933.
26
Saadat, S., Stern, C. R. and Karimpour, M. H., 2009- Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks along the Nayband fault, lut block, eastern iran. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting 18-21 October.
27
Simmonds, V. and Malek Ghasemi, F., 2007- Investigation of manganese Mineralization in Idahlu and Jokandy, Southwest of Hashtrood, NW Iran. 263-267.
28
Taghizadeh, S., Mousivand, F. and Ghasemi, H., 2012- Zakeri Mn deposit, example of exhalative mineralization in the southwest Sabzevar31th Symposium on Geosciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
29
Tarkian, M., Lotfi, M. and Baumann, A., 1983- Tectonic, magmatism and the formation of mineral deposits in the central Lut, east Iran, Ministry of mines and metals. Geological survey of Iran, Geodynamic Project (Geotraverse) in Iran 51: 357-383. Geological Survey of Iran. Tehran, Iran. (in Persian).
30
Tirrul, R., Bell, l. R., Griffis, J. R. and Camp, V. E., 1983- The sistan suture zone of eastern Iran Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 94: 134-150.
31
Toth, J. R., 1980- Deposition of submarine crusts rich in manganese and iron. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 91: 44-54.
32
Usui, A. and Someya, M., 1997- Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the northwest Pacific. In: Nicholson, K., Hein, J,R., Bohn, B., Dasgupta, S., (Eds), Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and mineralogy of terrestrial and marine Deposits, Geol. Soc. 119: 117-198.
33
Walker, R. T., Gans, P., Allen, M. B., Jackson, J., Khatib, M., Marsh, N. and Zarrinkoub, M., 2009- Late Cenozoic volcanism and rates of active faulting in eastern Iran. Geophys. J. Int. 177:783- 805
34
Zarasvandi, A., Lentz, D., Rezaei, M. and Pourkaseb, H., 2013- Genesis of the Nasirabad manganese occurrence, Fars province, Iran: Geochemical evidences. Chemie. Der. Erde. 73: 495–508.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrogeochemical investigation and water quality assessment in the sarough watershed, Takab mining district
This study investigated the hydrogeochemistry and environmental water quality of rivers in Sarough watershed using the major ion chemistry and explored multivariate statistical methods for identification of processes which release the solutes in natural waters. Totally, 38 samples were collected along the main streams of the watershed. The mean concentrations of major cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and anions (Cl, NO3, CO3, HCO3, SO4) were measured about 15, 4.6, 10.5, 61, 30, 4.49, 89, 156 and 107 mg/l, respectively. The results indicated that the river waters in the Sarough watershed were neutral and fresh water in nature (mean values: pH=7.7 and TDS= 315.8 mg/l). Most of the water samples were categorized in hard and very hard water classes with mean value for TH=197 mg/l and were under-saturated regarding with major carbonates, sulfates and evaporate minerals in most of samples. The major water types were Ca–HCO3–SO4, Ca–Mg–CO3 and Ca–SO4–HCO3. The Na, Cl and NO3 concentration in all water samples fell within the accepted limit of national and international standards for drinking water. Nevertheless, Ca, Mg and SO4 content in some samples were higher than the maximum desirable limits. Schuler diagram showed that majority of the water samples were good and acceptable for drinking. Evaluating the quality of river water for irrigation purposes using Wilcox diagram and SAR, EC and RSC indices indicated that majority of the water samples were suitable for irrigation. The results of multivariate statistical techniques such as correlation coefficient matrix, CA and PCA indicated the strong association between Na-K-Cl-SO4 and Ca-Mg-CO3-TH. It was assumed that weathering of carbonates (limestone/dolomite formations, calcareous marl formation and travertine) in the area were common source of Ca, Mg and HCO3. Also, travertine springs were considered as active point sources which release these elements into the drainage system. Meanwhile, dissolution of halite and gypsum in red marl formations (lower part of Qom F. and Upper Red F.) were the main processes considered as the origin of Na, K, Cl and SO4 in river water of study area.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58350_5009afc6cfb346a395f50e8bee481761.pdf
2018-02-20
13
28
10.22071/gsj.2018.58350
Water quality assessment
Sarough watershed
Hydrogeochemistry
PCA
Piper Diagram
Parisa
Piroozfar
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samad
Alipour
2
Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Soroush
Modabberi
3
Associate Professor, School of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
David
Cohen
4
Associate Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, New South Wels University, Sydney, Australia
AUTHOR
References
1
Alavi, M., Hajian, J., Amidi, M. and Bolourchi, H., 1982- Geology of Takab–Shahin–Dez Quadrangle, Geological Survey of Iran, Ministry of Mines and Metals of Iran, 100pp.
2
Alobaidy, A., Al-Sameraiy, M., Kadhem, A. and Majeed, A., 2010- Evaluation of treated municipal wastewater quality for irrigation, Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(3): 216-25.
3
Ayers, R. S. and Westcot, D. W., 1994- Water quality for agriculture, irrigation and drainage, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Paper No. 29, Rev. 1, M-56, ISBN 92-5-102263-1.
4
Babakhani, A. and Ghalamghash, J., 1995- Geological map of Takhte Soleyman 1:100000, Geological Survey of Iran press.
5
Berner, E. K. and Berner, R. A., 1996- Global Environment, Water, Air and Geochemical Cycles, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
6
Boyaciaglu, H., 2007- Water pollution sources assessment by multivariate statistical methods in the Tahtali Basin, Turkey, Environmental Geology, 54: 275-282.
7
Cerling, T. E., Pederson, B. L. and Damm, K. L. V., 1989- Sodium-Calcium ion exchange in the weathering of shales: implications for global weathering budgets, Geology, 17:552–554.
8
Chen, J., Wang, F., Meybeck, M., He, D., Xia, X. and Zhang, L., 2005- Spatial and temporal analysis of water chemistry records (1958-2000) in the Huanghe (Yellow River) basin, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB3016, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002325.
9
Chen, J., Wang, F., Xia, X. and Zhang, L., 2002- Major element chemistry of the Changjiang (Yangtze River), Chem. Geol., 187, 231–255.
10
Drever, J. I., 1988- The Geochemistry of Natural Waters, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ, 437pp.
11
Edmunds, W. M. and Smedley, P. L., 2000- Residence time indicators in groundwater: The East Midlands Triassic sandstone aquifer, Applied Geochemistry, 15 737–752.
12
Elliot, T., Andrews, J. N. and Edmunds, W. M., 1999- Hydrochemical trends, paleorecharge and groundwater ages in the fissured Chalk aquifer of the London and Berkshire basins, UK, Applied Geochemistry, 14 333–363.
13
EPA, 2000- A guide to the sampling and analysis of waters, wastewaters, soils and wastes, EPA Publication 441, Environment Protection Authority, State Government of Victoria, Australia, 7th edition, 48 p.
14
Fisher, R. S. and Mulican, W. F., 1997- Hydrochemical evolution of sodium sulfate and sodium-chloride groundwater beneath the Northern Chihuahuan desert, Trans-Pecos, Texas, USA, Hydrogeology Journal, 10 (4): 455–474.
15
Frondini, F., 2008- Geochemistry of regional aquifer systems hosted by carbonate-evaporite formations in Umbria and southern Tuscany (central Italy), Applied Geochemistry, 23:2091–2104.
16
Garrels, R. M. A., 1976- Survey of low temperature water mineral relations, in interpretation of environmental isotope and hydrogeochemical data in groundwater hydrology: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 65-84.
17
Hem, J. D., 1991- Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristic of natural waters, 3rd edition, US Geological survey, water supply paper 2254, Scientific pub, Jodhpur.
18
Holland, H. D., 1978- The Chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans, Wiley, New York, 351pp.
19
Hopkins, B. G., Horneck, D. A., Stevens, R. G., Ellsworth, J. W. and Sullivan, D. M., 2007- Managing irrigation water quality for crop production in the Pacific Northwest, Pacific Northwest Extension publication, PNW 597-E.
20
Hounslow, A. W., 1995- Water Quality Data: analysis and interpretation, Lewis Publishers, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma, 397 p.
21
Hu, J., Qiao, Y., Zhou, L. and Li, S., 2011- Spatiotemporal distributions of nutrients in the downstream from Gezhouba Dam in Yangtze River, China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19: 2849–2859.
22
Humphries, M. S., Kindness, A., Ellery, W. N. and Hughes, J. C., 2011- Water chemistry and effort of evapotranspiration on chemical sedimentation on the Mkuze River floodplain, South Africa, Journal of Arid Environments, 75: 555–565.
23
ISIRI 1053, 2009- Drinking water physical and chemical specifications, 5th revision, Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran.
24
Jeelani, G. and Shah, A. Q., 2006- Geochemical characteristics of water and sediment from the Dal Lake, Kashmir Himalaya, India: Constraints on weathering and anthropogenic activity, Environmental Geology, 50: 12–23.
25
Jeevanandam, M., Kannan, R., Srinivasalu, S. and Rammohan, V., 2006- Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment of lower part of the Ponnaiyar River Basin, Cuddalore district, South India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 132: 263-274.
26
Kimbadi, S., Vandelannoote, A., Deelstra, H., Mbemba, M. and Ollevier, F., 1999- Chemical composition of the small rivers of the north-western part of Lake Tanganyika, Hydrobiologia, 407: 75–80.
27
Langelier, W. E. and Ludwig, H. F., 1942- Graphical method for indicating the mineral character of natural water, Journal of American Water Works Association, 34: 335-352.
28
Livingston, D. A., 1963- Chemical composition of rivers and lakes, In (M. Fleischer ed.,) Data of geochemistry, sixth edition, Chapter G., USGS Prof. Paper 440-G. 64p.
29
Marie, A. and Vengosh, A., 2001- Sources of salinity in ground water from Jericho area, Jordan Valley, Ground Water, 39 (2): 240-248.
30
Meybeck, M., 1987- Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads, American Journal of Science, 287: 401– 428.
31
Meybeck, M., 2004- Global occurrence of major elements in rivers, In: Drever, J.I. (Ed.), Surface and ground water, weathering, and soils, Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K. (Exec. Eds), Treatise on geochemistry, vol. 5, Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 207–223.
32
Meyer, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Bott, T. L., Elwood, J., Ishizaki, C., Melack, J. M., Peckarsky, B., Peterson, B. and Rublee, P., 1988- Elemental dynamics in streams, Journal of North America Benthol Society, 7: 410–432.
33
Nassery, H. R. and Nick ghojough, Y., 2012- The Role of Gypsum Karst in Contaminant Transport from Agh Darreh Tailing Dam in Iran, Journal of Environmental Studies, Issue 61.
34
Parkhurst, D. L. and Appelo, C. A. J., 1999- User’s guide to PHREEQC (Version 2) – A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations, US Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report, 99-4259.
35
Reghunath, R., Murthy, T. R. S. and Raghavan, B. R., 2002- The utility of multivariate statistical techniques in hydrogeochemical studies: an example from Karnataka, India, Water Research, 36: 2437-2442.
36
Simeonova, P., Simeonova, V. and Andreev, G., 2003- Environmetric analysis of the Struma River water quality central, European Journal of Chemistry, 2: 121-126.
37
Stallard, R. F. and Edmond, J. M., 1983- Geochemistry of the Amazon: the influence of the geology and weathering environment on the dissolved load, Journal of Geophysical Research, 88: 9671–9688.
38
Thompson, M. and Howarth, R. J., 1976- Duplicate analysis in practice - part 1, theoretical approach and estimation of analytical reproducibility, The Analyst, 101: 690–698.
39
WHO, 2011- Guidelines for drinking water quality - 4th ed., Geneva, World Health Organization.
40
Wunderlin, D. A., Diaz, M. P., Ame, M. V., Pesce, S. F., Hued, A. C. and Bistoni, M. A., 2001- Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality, A case study: Suquia river basin (Cordoba, Argentina), Water Research, 35: 2881-2894.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Tectonosedimentary evolution of the basins in Central Alborz, Iran
Evidence of at least ten different tectonic- controlled sedimentary basins can be recognized in the central part of the Alborz Mountains in the Middle part of the Alpine-Himalayan belt. They formed from Neoprotrozoic to recent time as the results of the relative plate motion in southwest of Asia in Tethyan realm. The basins include: (1) Prototethys Late Neo-Proterozoic to Early Ordovician epi-continental/platform basin; (2 Paleotethys Middle Ordovician to Devonian rift basin; (3) Devonian to Middle Triassic continental shelf basin; (4) Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic foreland basin; (5) Shemshak back arc rift basin; (6) South Caspian carbonate platform basin; (7) Paleocene clastic sedimentary basin; (8) Karaj back arc basin; (9) Oligo-Miocene foreland basin; (10) Pliocene-Pleistocene intramontane basin. Each basin has its own unique history connected to the different stages of the birth, development and destruction of the Prototethys, Paleotethys and Neothethys Oceans in the Middle East region in the southwest of Asia.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58353_99f5974ed6d375909ab924fefecfa293.pdf
2018-02-20
29
38
10.22071/gsj.2018.58353
Tectonosedimentary
basin
Alborz
Mohammad Reza
Sheikholeslami
1
Associate Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Alavi, M., 1996- Tectonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz mountain system in northern Iran: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1–33.
2
Allen, M. B., Ghassemi, M. R., Sharabi, M. and Qorashi, M., 2003- Accommodation of late Cenozoic oblique shortening in the Alborz range, northern Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 25, 659–672.
3
Barrier, E. and Vrielynck, B., 2009- Paleotectonic map of the Middle East, Map 8, Late Maastrichtian, Middle East basin evolution program.
4
Berberian , M., 1983- The southern Caspian: a compressional depression floored by a trapped, modified oceanic crust. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 163–183.
5
Brunet, M, F., Shahidi, A., Barrier, E. and Muller, C., Saidi, A., 2007- Geodynamics of the South Caspian Basin southernmargin now inverted inAlborz andKopet- Dagh (Northern Iran). Geophysical Research Abstracts, European Geosciences Union, Vienna.
6
Brunet, M. F., Korotaev, M. V., Ershov, A. V. and Nikishin, A. M., 2003- The South Caspian Basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modelling. Sedimentary Geology, 156, 119–148.
7
Brunet, M. F., Wilmsen, M., Granath, J, W., 2009- South Caspian to Central Iran Basins: Introductions. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 1–6.
8
Clark, G. C., Davis, R. G., Hamzehpour, B. and Jones, C. R., 1975- Explanatory text of the Bandar-e-Anzali quadrangle map, scale 1:250,000. Geological Survey of Iran, pp. 198.
9
Delavari, M., Dolati, A., Mohammadi, A. and Rostami, F., 2016- The Permian volcanics of central Alborz: implications for passive continental margin along the southern border of Paleotethys. Ofioliti, 41 (2), 59-74.
10
Dellenbach, J., 1964- Contribution h l’etude geologique de la region situee a l’est de Teheran (Iran). Fac. Sci., Univ. Strasbourg (France), 117p
11
Derakhshi, M., Ghasemi, H. and Sahami, T., 2014- Geology and Petrology of the Soltan Maydan Basaltic Complex in North-Northeast of Shahrud, Eastern Alborz, North of Iran Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, 23,91, 63-76.
12
Egan, S. S., Mosar, J., Brunet, M. F. and Kangarli, T., 2009- Subsidence and uplift mechanismswithin the South Caspian Basin: insights from the onshore and offshore Azerbaijan region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 219–240.
13
Ehteshami-Moinabadi, M., Yassaghi, A. and Amini, A., 2012- Mesozoic basin inversion in Central Alborz, evidence from the evolution of Taleqan-Gajereh-Lar paleograben . Journal of Geopersia 2 (2) 43-63.
14
Etemad-Saeed, N., Hosseini-Barzi, M., Adabib, M. H., Sadeghi, A. and Houshmandzadeh, A., 2015- Provenance of Neoproterozoic sedimentary basement of northern Iran, Kahar Formation. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 11, 54-75.
15
Fursich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., Seyed-Emami, K., Cecca, F. and Majidifard, M. R., 2005- The Upper Shemshak Formation (Toarcian–Aalenian) of the eastern Alborz: Biota and paleoenvironments during a transgressive–regressive cycle. Facies, 51, 365–384.
16
Fursich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., Seyed-Emami, K. and Majidifard, M. R., 2009a- Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group of Northern Iran. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 129–160.
17
Fursich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., Seyed-Emami, K. and Majidifard, M. R. 2009b- The Mid-Cimmerian tectonic event (Bajocian) in the Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran: evidence of the break-up unconformity of the South Caspian Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 189–203.
18
Gaetani, M., Angiolini, L., Ueno, K., Nicora, A., Stephenson, M. H., Sciunnach, D., Rettori, R., Price, G. D. and Sabouri, J., 2009- Pennsylvanian– Early Triassic stratigraphy in the Alborz Mountains (Iran). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 79–128.
19
Ghadimi, A., Izadyar, J., Azimi, S., Mousavizadeh, M. and Eram., M., 2012- Metamorphism of Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Schists in Southwest of Zanjan from the Soltanieh Belt in Northwest of Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 23(2): 147-161.
20
Ghassemi, M. R., 2004- Geology and tectonics of the Alborz range and South Caspian Basin., in: Proceedings of the 32nd International Geological Congress, Florence, Italy. p.143.
21
Golonka, J., 2004- Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonophysics, 381, 235–273.
22
Guest, B., Axen, G. J., Lam, P. S. and Hassanzadeh, J., 2006- Late Cenozoic shortening in the west-central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, by combined conjugate strike-slip and thin-skinned deformation. Geosphere 2/1, 35-52.
23
Kusky, T. M., Abdelsalam, M., Stern, R. J. and Tucker, R. D., 2003- Evolution of the East African and related orogens, and the assembly of Gondwana. Precambrian Research.123: 82 85.
24
Lasemi, Y., 2001- Facies analysis, depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks of Iran. Publication Number 78. Geological Survry of Iran (in Farsi),
25
Lopes, F. C. and Cunha, P. P., 2007- Tectono-sedimentary phases of the latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic compressive evolution of the Algarve margin (southern Portugal). In: Gary Nichols, Ed Williams and Chris Paola. P (eds) Sedimentary processes, environments, and basins: a tribute to Peter Friend, Special publication number 38 of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
26
Nazari, H., 2006- Analyzing the recent and active tectonics in Central Alborz and Tehran region using morphotectonics and paleoseismology, thesis, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier-France
27
Rieben, E. H., 1966- Geological observations on alluvial deposits in northern Iran. Geological Survey of Iran. Tehran. p.39
28
Sadeghian, M., Hosseini, S. H., Hemmati, A. and Shekari, S., 2017- Petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of SW Mayamey granitoids. Scientific Quterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, 26, 103, 41-60 (in Farsi). Sardar Abadi, M., Da Silva, A. N., Mossadegh, H., Spassov, S., Boulvain, F., 2015- Lower Carboniferous ramp sedimentation of the Central Alborz Basin, northern Iran: integrated sedimentological and rock–magnetic studies, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 414, 73-91.
29
Shahidi, A., 2008- Evolution tectonique de nord de l’Iran (Alborz et Kopeh Dagh) depuis le Mesozoique. Ph.D these, Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (in French).
30
Stampfli, G. and Borel, G. D., 2002- A plate tectonic model for the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrones. Earth Planetary Science Letters,196, 17–33.
31
Stampfli, G. M., Marcoux, J. and Baud, A., 1991- Tethyan margins in space and time. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87, 373–409.
32
Stocklin, J., 1971- Stratigraphy Lexicon of Iran. Report No.18, Geological Survey of Iran.
33
Stocklin, J., 1974- Possible ancient continental margins in Iran, in Burk, C. A. and Drake, C. L., eds., The Geology of Continental Margins: Berlin, Springer, p. 873–887.
34
Vahdati-Daneshmand, F. and Saidi, A., 1991- Geological map of Sari, scale 1:250,000. Geological Survey of Iran.
35
Verdel, C., Wernicke, B. P., Hassanzadeh, J. and Guest, B., 2011- A Paleogene extensional arc flare-up in Iran, Tectonics, 30, TC3008, doi:10.1029/2010TC002809.
36
Wendt, J., Kaufmann, B., Belka, Z., Farsan, N. and Bavandpour, A. K., 2005- Devonian/Lower Carboniferousstratigraphy, facies patterns and palaeogeography of Iran Part II. Northern and central Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, 55, 31–97.
37
Wilmsen, M., Fürsich, T., Seyed-Emami, K., Majidifard, M. R. and Taheri, J., 2009- The Cimmerian Orogeny in northern Iran: tectono-stratigraphic evidence from the foreland. Terra Nova 21, 211–218.
38
Zanchetta, S., Zanchi, A., Villa, I., Poli, S. and Muttoni, G., 2009- The Shanderman eclogites: a Late Carboniferous high-pressure event in the NW Talesh Mountains (NW Iran). South Caspian to Central Iran Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 57–78.
39
Zanchi, A., Berra, F., Mattei, M., Ghassemi, M. and Sabouri, J., 2006- Inversion tectonics in Central Alborz, Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 28, 2023–2037.
40
Zanchi, A., Zanchetta, S., Berra, F., Mattei, M., Garzanti, E., Molyneux, S., Nawab, A. and Sabouri, J., 2009- The Eo-Cimmerian (Late Triassic) orogeny in north Iran. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 312, 31–55.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rock mass structural characterization via short-range digital photogrammetry
Because of the important role of rock mass structural properties on its mechanical behavior, determining the qualitative and quantitative properties of has been a subject of intense research. In this regard, numerous techniques such as scanline surveying, cell mapping, and geologic structure mapping have been proposed. However, applying such field surveying techniques for rock mass properties involves spending substantial costs and times and high risks. Besides, due to the errors induced by operations, measurements, systematic errors, etc., the results of these techniques are not accurate and precise enough. Short-range digital photogrammetry is an state-of-art technique applied for surveying rock mass characteristics. Through this novel approach, rock mass surface is imaged, the obtained images are analyzed, and rock mass characteristics are determined, and finally, the technique is validated by comparing the obtained results with field surveys. In the present work, two digital photogrammetry based methods including digital image processing and laser-based imaging are implemented in rock mass characterization. The results show that short-range digital photogrammetry can be effectively employed in rock mass structure characterization. Moreover, this approach, unlike the existing traditional ones, involves low costs, high speed, and sufficiently accurate and precise results.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58357_270b4a5eb57215c02d0f126deb78356b.pdf
2018-02-20
39
44
10.22071/gsj.2018.58357
Rock mass
Structural characteristics
Short-range digital photogrammetry
Digital Image Processing
Laser imaging
Mohammad Masoud
Samieinejad
1
Ph.D., Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Navid
Hosseini Alaee
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kaveh
Ahangari
3
Associate Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Hosseini, N. and Gholinejad, M., 2014- Investigating the Slope Stability Based on Uncertainty by Using Fuzzy Possibility Theory, Archives of Mining Sciences Journal, Volume 59, Number 1, pp. 179 – 188.
2
Hu, X., Wu, F. and Sun, Q., 2011- Elastic modulus of a rock mass based on the two parameter negative-exponential (TPNE) distribution of discontinuity spacing and trace length, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Volume 70, Issue 2, pp 255–263.
3
Pires, A., Chaminé, H. I., Piqueiro, F., Pérez-Alberti, A. and Rocha, F., 2016- Combining coastal geoscience mapping and photogrammetric surveying in maritime environments (Northwestern Iberian Peninsula): focus on methodology, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75:196, doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4936-z.
4
Samieinejad, M. M., Hosseini, N. and Ahangari, K., 2017- A field investigation of application of digital terrestrial photogrammetry to characterize geometric properties of discontinuities in open-pit slopes, Journal of Mining and Environment, DOI: 10.22044/jme.930.
5
Yang, J. and Chen, S., 2017- An online detection system for aggregate sizes and shapes based on digital image processing, Mineralogy and Petrology, Volume 111, Issue 1, pp 135–144, doi:10.1007/s00710-016-0458-y.
6
Tan, X., Konietzky, H. and Chen, W., 2016- Numerical Simulation of Heterogeneous Rock Using Discrete Element Model Based on Digital Image Processing, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Volume 49, Issue 12, pp 4957–4964, doi:10.1007/s00603-016-1030-0.
7
Fekete, S., Diederichs, M. and Lato, M., 2010- Geotechnical and operational applications for 3-dimensional laser scanning in drill and blast tunnels, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Volume 25, pp. 614–628.
8
Ferrero, A. M., Forlani, G., Roncella, R. and Voyat, I., 2009- Advanced Geostructural Survey Methods Applied to Rock Mass Characterization, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Volume 42, Issue 4, pp 631–665, doi:10.1007/s00603-008-0010-4.
9
Krosley, L. K., Shaffner, P. T., Oerter, E. and Ortiz, T., 2006- Digital ground-based photogrammetry for measuring discontinuity orientations in steep rock exposures. In Proc. 41st U.S. Symp. on Rock Mechanics (USRNS), Golden, Colorado, 17-21 June 2006.
10
Fisher, R. A., 1925- Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.
11
Ballard D. H., 1981- Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recognit 13:111–122.
12
Post, R., 2001- Characterization of joints and fractures in a rock mass using digital image processing, M.S. Thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson.
13
Post, R., Kemeny, J., and Murphy, R., 2001- Image processing for automatic extraction of rock joint orientation data from digital images, Proceedings 38th US Rock Mech. Symp., Washington, D.C., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
14
Priest, S. D., 1993- Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering, London, Chapman & Hall.
15
Priest, S. D. and Hudson, J. A., 1981- Estimation of discontinuity spacing and trace length using scanline surveys, International Journal of Rock Mechanics, Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, 18, 183-197.
16
Nekouei, A. M., Ahangari, K., 2013- Modified stability charts for rock slopes based on the Hoek–Brown failure criterion, Archives of Mining Sciences, Volume 58, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 747-766, DOI 10.2478/amsc-0052.
17
Esmaeili, M. and Salimi, A. R., 2015- Carsten Drebenstedt, Maliheh Abbaszadeh, Abbas Aghajani Bazzazi, Application of PCA, SVR, and ANFIS for modeling of rock fragmentation, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, September, Volume 8, Issue 9, pp 6881–6893.
18
Azimi, Y., Osanloo, M., Aakbarpour-Shirazi, M. and Aghajani, B. A., 2010- Prediction of the blastability designation of rock masses using fuzzy sets. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci;47(7):1126–40.
19
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Hudaverdi, T. and Qiong, W., 2012- New prediction models for mean particle size in rock blast fragmentation. Geotech Geol Eng; 30:665–84.
20
Peralta, J., Gutierrez, G., Sanchis, A., 2010- Time series forecasting by evolving artificial neural networks using genetic algorithms and estimation of distribution algorithms. In Proceedings of the 2010 WCCI conference, IJCNN-WCCI’10, Barcelona, Spain
21
Rasband, W., 1998- NIH Image, an image processing program.
22
Kemeny, J., Mofya, E., Holman, J. and Ahlgren, S., 2002- Digital Imaging for Rock Mass Characterization, In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference on the Application of Geophysical and NDT Methodologies to Transportation Facilities and Infrastructure, Los Angeles, April.
23
Sturzenegger, M. and Stead, D., 2009- Close-range terrestrial digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning for discontinuity characterization on rock cuts. Engineering Geology 106, 163-182.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of the Fahliyan Formation (Lower Cretaceus), Abadan plain, West South of Iran (Arvand-field)
The Fahliyan Formation of Khami Group is hosting important hydrocarbon reserves in Iran and also is a main reservoir rock in the Abadan Plain oil fields which is Neocomian in age. In the studied wells its thickness is about 406 meters. In the Abadan Plain, the Fahliyan Formation transitionally overlies of the Garau Formation and its upper boundary changes into the Gadvan Formation. According to thin sections examinations prepared from cores analysis 11 microfacies is recognized by various facies including dolostone and dolomudstone of tidal flat, skeletal wackestone to packstone of the open and restricted lagoon, bioclastic intraclastic grainstones, peloid grainstone and coralinrudist-algae grainstone (boundstone) of the barrier setting and fine grained echinoderm rudist bearing deposits of the slope. high frequency of core facies belong to restricted and open marine lagoon deposits composed of benthic foraminifera, shell fragments and peliods. They are often observed in wackestone to packstone fabrics. The remained rock facies is composed of the bioclastic skeletal lime grainstones characterizing by large rudists and echinoderm debries which are interpreted to constitute the platform margin in this well. Tidal flat dolomudstone with a few bioclast contribute, which they often show moderate reservoir quality.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58359_2efad5e7a0d0b079c9756d99ee463af2.pdf
2018-02-20
45
52
10.22071/gsj.2018.58359
Fahliyan formation
Depositional environment
Carbonate ramp
Microfacies
Cretaceuse
Abbas
Dehkar
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty Of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan , Iran
AUTHOR
Vali Ahmad
Sajjadian
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty Of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Khark Branch, Khark; Arvandan Oil and Gas Company, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Noora
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty Of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan , Iran
AUTHOR
Kazem
Shabani Goorji
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty Of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan , Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Adabi, M. H, Salehi, M. A. and Ghabeishavi, A., 2010- Depositional Environment, Sequence Stratigraphy and Geochemistry of Lower Cretaceous Carbonates (Fahliyan Formation), South-West Iranjournal of Asian Earth Sciences 39 148–160 P
2
Adabi, M. H., Salehi, M. A. and Ghobeishavi, A., 2010- Depositional Environment, Sequence Stratigraphy and Geochemistry of Lowercretaceous Carbonates (Fahliyan Foemation), South–West Iran: Journal of Asian Earthsciences, V. 39, P. 148–160.
3
Carozzi, A.V., 1989- Carbonate Rocks Depositional Model, A Microfacies Approach. Prentice, Hall, New Jersey, Usa.
4
Dunhum, R. J., 1962- Classification of Carbonate Rocks According to Depositional Texture. In: Ham, W.E. (Ed.), Classification of Carbonate Rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 1: 108-121.
5
Flugel, E., 2010- Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Analysis, Interpretation of Application: Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 144p.
6
Gregg, J. M. and Sibley, D. F., 1984- Epigenetic Dolomitization of the Origin of Xenotopic Dolomite Texture Reply: Jour Sed Petrology 56: 735-763.
7
Hajikazemi, E. Al-Aasm I. S. and Coniglio M., 2010- Subaerial Exposure of Meteoric Diagenesis of the Cenomanian-Turonian Upper Sarvak Formation, Southwestern Iran Special Publications, London, Geological Society; V. 330, P. 253-272
8
Kamali, M. R. and Abolghasemi, A., 2013- Correlation Of The Fahliyan Of Surmeh Reservoirs In The Garangan Of Chilingar Oilfields, The Dezful Embayment (Sw Iran) ,Journal Of Petroleum Exploration Of Production Technology,June, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pp 85–92
9
Maleki, S. and Lasemi, Y., 2011- SedimentaryEnvironment Sequence Stratigraphy of the Fahliyan Formation in Assaluyeh (Bidkhon) Of Khartang Sections, Southwest Iran. Journal of Basic of Applied Scientific research., 1(12)2641-2647
10
Mazzullo, S. J., 1992- Geochemical of Neomorphic Alteration of Dolomite: A Review. Carbonate of Evaporates 7: 21-37. Folk, R.L., 1959, Practical Petrographic Classification of Limestone: Aapg Bull., V. 43, No. 1, P. 1-38.
11
Ramezani Akbari, A., Rahimpor-Bonab, H., Kamali, M. R., Moussavi-Harami, R. and Kadkhodaie, A., 2016- Depositional environment, electrofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Fahliyan Formation (lower Cretaceous), Abadan plain, Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, Vol. 26, No.102, 351p. Sajjadian, V. A., Zeinalzadeh, A., Moussavi-Harami, R. and Mahboubi, A., 2015- Basin Of Petroleum System Modeling Of The Cretaceous Of Jurassic Source Rocks Of The Gas Of Oil Reservoirs In Darquain Field, South West Iran, Journal Of Natural Gas Science Of Engineering, Volume 26, Pages 419-426
12
Sherkati, S. and Letouzey, J., 2004- Variation of structural Style of Basin Evolution in The Central Zagros (Izeh Zone of DezfulEmbayment), Iran. Marin of PetroleumGeology 21, 535–554.
13
Sibley, D. F. and Gregg, J. M., 1987- Classification of Dolomite Rock Texture, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 57: 967-975.
14
Soleimani, B., Hassani, M. and Abdollahi, I., 2017- Formation Pore Pressure Variation Of The Neocomian Sedimentary Succession (The Fahliyan Formation) In The Abadan Plain Basin, SW Of Iran, Geofluids. Volume 2017, Article ID 6265341, 13 Pages
15
Wilson, J. L., 1975- Carbonate Facies in Geological History. Springer, Berlin– Heidelberg, New York. P. 471
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In-situ stress regime in the Asmari reservoir of the Zeloi and Lali oil fields, northwest of the Dezful embayment in Zagros fold-thrust belt, Iran
This paper analyzes in-situ stress field in the Asmari formation with in the complex structures of the Zeloi and Lali oilfields located in the Dezful embayment, SW Iran. The orientation of the maximum horizontal stress, SHmax is determined on the basis of compressive borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures observed in eight oil wells, in which we focus on well-log based methods and drilling data to estimate stress magnitudes. In situ stress magnitude in studied fields obtained from 1D mechanical earth modeling in key wells. The maximum horizontal stress trend in this area is NE–SW in accordance with the World Stress Map however a stress perturbation has been recognized in some wells of the Lali field which is approximately perpendicular to the expected direction of the maximum horizontal stress. In situ stress magnitudes in the Lali oil wells are consistent with a strike-slip regime, while in the Zeloi oilfield, normal faulting regime is estimated. The observed strike-slip and normal faulting regime in the Lali and Zeloi wells respectively, Supports the idea that the role of overburden stress magnitude is higher than the horizontal stresses. Undoubtedly, the structural position of the wells, structural framework, faults location, fold geometry, pore pressure changes and mechanical properties of rocks are main factors and have played an important role in stress condition and in situ stress regime in these two hydrocarbon structure.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58362_b96bb6dde25113c59cc959e0b44aab6d.pdf
2018-02-20
53
68
10.22071/gsj.2018.58362
In situ stress
Breakouts
Induce fractures
Dezful embayment
Lali
Zeloi
Stress regime
Hossein
Talebi
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Ahmad
Alavi
2
Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Sherkati
3
Ph.D., NIOC Exploration Directorate, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Ghassemi
4
Associate Professor, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Golalzadeh
5
5Ph.D., National Iranian South Oil Company, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Avasthi, D., Ramakotaiah, G., Varadarajan, S., Rao, N. and Behl, G., 1971- Study of the Deccan Traps of Cambay Basin by geophysical methods. Bulletin Volcanologique, 35, 743-749.
2
Barton, C. A. and Zoback, M. D., 1994- Stress perturbations associated with active faults penetrated by boreholes: Possible evidence for near‐complete stress drop and a new technique for stress magnitude measurement. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 99, 9373-9390.
3
Barton, C. A., Zoback, M. D. and Burns, K. L., 1988- In-situ stress orientation and magnitude at the Fenton Geothermal Site, New Mexico, determined from wellbore breakouts. Geophysical Research Letters, 15, 467-4707.
4
Blanton, T. and Olson, J., 1999- Stress magnitudes from logs: effects of tectonic strains and temperature. SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, 2, 62-68.
5
Borgerud, L. and Svare, E. 1995- In-situ stress field on the Norwegian Margin, 62-67 north. Workshop on Rock Stresses in the North Sea, 165-178.
6
Bruno, M. and Winterstein, D., 1994- Some influences of stratigraphy and structure on reservoir stress orientation. GEOPHYSICS, 59, 954-96.
7
Carminati, E., Scrocca, D. and Doglioni, C., 2010- Compaction-induced stress variations with depth in an active anticline: Northern Apennines, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115, B02401.
8
Erling, F., Rune, M., Per, H. and Arne, M., 1992- Petroleum related rock mechanics. Developments in Petroleum Science, 33.
9
Fjaer, E., Holt, R. M., Horsrud, P. and Raen, A. M., 1992- Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics, 2nd Ed. pdf.
10
Fossen, H., 2010- Structural Geology. Cambridge University Press.
11
Gowd, T., Rao, S. and Gaur, V., 1992- Tectonic stress field in the Indian subcontinent. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 97, 11879-11888.
12
Harrison, J. P. and Hudson, J. A., 2000- Engineering rock mechanics-an introduction to the principles. Elsevier.
13
Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D. and Müller, B., 2010- Global crustal stress pattern based on the World Stress Map database release 2008. Tectonophysics, 482, 3-15.
14
Hessami, K., Jamali, F. and Tabassi, H., 2003- Major active faults of Iran. IIEES, Tehran
15
Hubbert, M. K. and Willis, D. G., 1957- Mechanics Of Hydraulic Fracturing. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
16
Islam, M. S. and Shinjo, R., 2010- Neotectonic stress field and deformation pattern within the Zagros and its adjoining area: An approach from finite element modeling. Journal of Geology and Mining Research, 2, 170-182.
17
Mariucci, M. T., Amato, A., Gambini, R., Giorgioni, M. and Montone, P., 2002- Along‐depth stress rotations and active faults: An example in a 5‐km deep well of southern Italy. Tectonics, 21.
18
Martin, C. D. and Chandler, N. A., 1993- Stress heterogeneity and geological structures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 30, 993-999.
19
Mastin, L., 1988- Effect of borehole deviation on breakout orientations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 93, 9187-9195.
20
Moos, D. and Zoback, M. D., 1990- Utilization of observations of well bore failure to constrain the orientation and magnitude of crustal stresses: application to continental, Deep Sea Drilling Project, and Ocean Drilling Program boreholes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 95, 9305-9325.
21
Navabpour, P. and Barrier, E., 2012- Stress states in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt from passive margin to collisional tectonic setting. Tectonophysics, 581, 76-83.
22
Plumb, R., Ramshorn, C. and Zehner, B., 2000- Method and apparatus for generation of 3D graphical borehole analysis. Google Patents.
23
Pourbeyranvand, Sh., Lund, B., Shomali, Z. H., Tatar, M., 2011- Investigation of stress state in the Zagros region, linear versus non-linear inversion, 6th International Conference of Seismology & Earthquake Engineering, 16-18 May, Tehran, Iran.
24
Rasouli, V., Pallikathekathil, Z. J. and Mawuli, E., 2011- The influence of perturbed stresses near faults on drilling strategy: a case study in Blacktip field, North Australia. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 76, 37-50.
25
Sayers, C. M., 2009- Seismic characterization of reservoirs containing multiple fracture sets. Geophysical Prospecting, 57, 187-192.
26
Sherkati, S., Molinaro, M., Frizon de Lamotte, D. and Letouzey, J., 2005- Detachment folding in the Central and Eastern Zagros fold-belt (Iran): salt mobility, multiple detachments and late basement control. Journal of Structural Geology, 27, 1680-1696.
27
Skar, T. and Beekman, F., 2003- Modelling the influence of tectonic compression on the in situ stress field with implications for seal integrity: the Haltenbanken area, offshore mid-Norway. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 212, 295-311.
28
Talebi, H., Alavi, A., Ghassemi, M. R. Parhizgar, M. R. and Baghadashtaki, B., 2013- In- situ stress orientation and magnitude in the Zagros area- Northern Dezful Embayment , 1st Tectonics Conference of Iran, 27 Nov, Tehran, Iran.
29
Tingay, M. R. P., Hillis, R. R., Morley, C. K., Swarbrick, R. E. and Okpere, E. C., 2003- Variation in vertical stress in the Baram Basin, Brunei: tectonic and geomechanical implications. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20, 1201-1212.
30
Walpersdorf, A., Hatzfeld, D., Nankali, H., Tavakoli, F., Nilforoushan, F., Tatar, M., Vernant, P., Chéry, J. and Masson, F., 2006- Difference in the GPS deformation pattern of North and Central Zagros (Iran). Geophysical Journal International, 167, 1077-1088.
31
Wiprut, D. and Zoback, M., 2000- Constraining the stress tensor in the Visund field, Norwegian North Sea: Application to wellbore stability and sand production. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37, 317-336.
32
Zang, A., Stephansson, O. and Stephansson, O., 2010- Stress field of the Earth's crust. Springer.
33
Zoback, M., 2003- Determination of stress orientation and magnitude in deep wells. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 1049-1076.
34
Zoback, M. D., 2010- Reservoir geomechanics. Cambridge University Press.
35
Zoback, M. D., Barton, C. A., Brudy, M., Castillo, D. A., Finkbeiner, T., Grollimund, B. R., Moos, D. B., Peska, P., Ward, C. D. and Wiprut, D. J., 2003- Determination of stress orientation and magnitude in deep wells. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 1049-1076.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pervasive white and colored noise removing from magnetotelluric time series
Magnetotellurics is an exploration method which is based on measurement of natural electric and magnetic fields of the Earth and is increasingly used in geological applications, petroleum industry, geothermal sources detection and crust and lithosphere studies. In this work, discrete wavelet transform of magnetotelluric signals was performed. Discrete wavelet transform decomposes signals into coefficients in multi-scales. Noise and signal portions are separable in multi-scale mode. Therefore, noise can be discarded in each scale; a threshold value is constructed dependent to coefficients of the scale then, the noise coefficients are discarded by thresholding the coefficients with the proper values. Proportional threshold values can be used to remove white and 1/f noise from time series. After that, a new signal is constructed using clean coefficients. This method is widely used in various fields of sciences from image processing to seismic studies. This work tried to show the effectiveness of this technique in decreasing pervasive noise from magnetotelluric signals. The results emphasized the advantageous effect of wavelet techniques in magnetotelluric data noise removing process.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58363_c78210cb53eb5b967781097cec945173.pdf
2018-02-20
69
74
10.22071/gsj.2018.58363
Wavelets
Magnetotelluric
time series
Denoising
Hanieh
Mardomi
1
Ph.D. Student, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mir Sattar
Meshinchi Asl
2
Assistant Professor, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Siahkoohi
3
Professor, Tehran University, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Chave, A. D. and Jones, A. G., 2012- The Magnetotelluric Method Theory and Practice: Cambridge University Press.
2
Chave, A. D. and Thomson, D. J., 1989- Some Comments on Magnetotelluric Response Function Estimation, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 94, 14215-14226.
3
Chave, A. D. and Thomson, D. J., 2004- Bounded influence estimation of magnetotelluric response functions, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 988-1006.
4
Chave, A. D., 2014- Magnetotelluric Data, Stable Distributions and Impropriety: An Existential Combination, Geophysical Journal International, 198(1), 622-636.
5
Chave, A. D., 2016- Estimation of the Magnetotelluric Response Function: The Path from Robust Estimation to a Stable MLE, Review paper, 23rd EMI workshop, Thailand.
6
Chave, A. D., Thomson, D. J. and Ander, M. E., 1987- On the Robust Estimation of Power Spectra, Coherences, and Transfer Functions, Journal Of Geophysical Research, VOL. 92, NO. B1, 633-648.
7
Donoho, D. L. and Johnstone, I. M., 1994- Ideal spatial adaptation by wavelet shrinkage, Biometrika, 81, 425-455.
8
Donoho, D. L., and Johnstone, I. M., 1995- Adapting to Unknown Smoothness via Wavelet Shrinkage, Jouunal of the American Statistical Association, Vol.90, No. 432, Theory and Methods
9
Egbert, G. D. and Booker, J. R., 1986- Robust estimation of geomagnetic transfer functions, Geophysical Journal International, 87, 173–194.
10
Egbert, G. D., 1992- Short Note: Noncausality of the discrete-time magnetotelluric impulse response, Geophysics, VOL. 57, NO.10, 1354-1358.
11
Egbert, G. D., 1997- Robust multiple-station magnetotelluric data processing. Geophys. J. Int., 130, 475-496.
12
Egbert, G. D., 2002- Processing and interpretation of electromagnetic induction array data. Surv. Geophys., 23, 207-249.
13
Gamble, T. D., Goubau, W. M. and Clarke, J., 1979- Magnetotellurics with a remote reference. Geophysics, 44, 53-68.
14
Garcia, X. and Jones, A. G., 2008- Robust processing of magnetotelluric data in the AMT dead-band using the Continuous Wavelet Transform, Geophysics, 73, F223-F234.
15
Goubau, W. M., Gamble, T. D. and Clarke, J., 1978- Magnetotelluric data analysis: Removal of bias. Geophysics, 43, 1157-1162
16
Mallat, S., 2008- A wavelet tour of signal processing, Academic press is an imprint of Elsevier.
17
Simpson, F. and Bahr, K., 2005- Practical Magnetotellurics: Cambridge University Press.
18
Soman, K. P., Ramachandran, K. I. and Resmi, N. G., 2010- Insightd into wavelets from theory to practice, Phi learning private limited, New Delhi-110001.
19
Stein, C., 1981- Estimation of the mean of multivariate normal distribution. Annals of statistics 9, 6, 1135-1151.
20
Trad, D. O. and Travassos, J. M., 2000- Wavelet filtering of magnetotelluric data, Geophysics, 65, 482-491.
21
Zhang, Y. and Paulson, K. V., 1997- Enhancement of signal to noise ratio in natural source transient magnetotelluric data with wavelet transform, Pure and applied Geophysics, 149, 405-419.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predicting land subsidence rate due to groundwater exploitation in the district 19 of Tehran using MODFLOW and InSAR
During recent years, groundwater exploitation and thereby decreasing hydraulic head in the compressible sedimentary aquifer which is placed in the district 19 of Tehran have been caused noticeable land subsidence. The land subsidence has been damaging the infrastructures which have been being built in the south of Tehran Basin, especially in the district 19 of Tehran. A finite-difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) and a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) method have been used to estimate and predict the rate of land subsidence in this area, and help hydrogeologists manage the vital groundwater resource correctly. The data have been imported into the model, and the change of the amount of land subsidence and head have been obtained for 39 years. Then the available radar images have been processed. Afterwards, the head calibration and subsidence calibration have been done. The results of the calibrations confirmed the accuracy of the results obtained by the model. Finally, this study suggests that 118 mm of land subsidence and an 11.6 m piezometric head decline are likely to occur from 2014 until 2043.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58364_8a78d5f27d5205a287b0106fc7913b65.pdf
2018-02-20
75
82
10.22071/gsj.2018.58364
Groundwater
InSAR
Land subsidence
MODFLOW
Mojtaba
Arjomandi
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Saremi
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir Pouya
Sarraf
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossien
Sedghi
4
Professor, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahasa
Roustaei
5
Assistant Professor, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Calderhead, A., Therrien, R., Rivera, A., Martel, R. and Garfias, J., 2011- Simulating pumping-induced regional land subsidence with the use of InSAR and field data in the Toluca Valley, Mexico," Advances in Water Resources, vol. 34, pp. 83-97.
2
Carbognin, L., Teatini, P. and Tosi, L., 2004- Eustacy and land subsidence in the Venice Lagoon at the beginning of the new millennium, Journal of Marine Systems, vol. 51, pp. 345-353.
3
Chang, C., Chang, T., Wang, C., Kuo, C. and Chen, K., 2004- Land-surface deformation corresponding to seasonal ground-water fluctuation, determining by SAR interferometry in the SW Taiwan, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 67, pp. 351-359.
4
Darvishzadeh, A., 2006- geology of Iran, Amirkabir press: Amirkabir University, pp. 1-286.
5
Erban, L. E., Gorelick, S. M. and Zebker, H. A., 2014- groundwater extraction, land subsidence and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, pp. 1-5.
6
Ferretti, A., Monti-Guarnieri, A., Prati, C., Rocca, F. and Massonet, D., 2007- InSAR principles-guidelines for SAR interferometry processing and interpretation vol. 19.
7
Hayashi, T., Tokunaga, T., Aichi, M., Shimada, J. and Taniguchi, M., 2009- Effects of human activities and urbanization on groundwater environments: an example from the aquifer system of Tokyo and the surrounding area, Science of the total environment, vol. 407, pp. 3165-3172.
8
Leake, S. A. and Galloway, D. L., 2010- Use of the SUB-WT Package for MODFLOW to simulate aquifer-system compaction in Antelope Valley, California, USA, in Land Subsidence, Associated Hazards and the Role of Natural Resources Development: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Land Subsidence: Queretaro, Mexico, International Association of Hydraulic Sciences, pp. 61-67.
9
Mahmoodpour, M., Khamehchiyan, M., Nikudel, M. R. and Ghassemi, M. R., 2015- Numerical simulation and prediction of regional land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in the southwest plain of Tehran, Iran, Journal of Engineering Geology, vol. 201, 6-28.
10
Molaei, M., Meshkat, T., Akbari, K., Nazarjani, M., Esmailzadeh Nasiri, M. and Hesami, A., 2016 - Report of water resources’ management of Tehran, Iran Water Resources Management Company, chapters 1-6.
11
Phien-Wej, N., Giao, P. and Nutalaya, P., 2006- Land subsidence in Bangkok, Thailand, Engineering geology, vol. 82, pp. 187-201.
12
Roustaei, M., 2016- considering the subsidence of Tehran Provience, presented at the Conference of land subsidence phenomena (GSI), Iran.
13
Sun, H., Grandstaff, D. and Shagam, R., 1999- Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal: potential damage of subsidence and sea level rise in southern New Jersey, USA, Environmental Geology, vol. 37, pp. 290-296.
14
Tosi, L., Teatini, P. Carbognin, L. and Brancolini, G., 2009- Using high resolution data to reveal depth-dependent mechanisms that drive land subsidence: the Venice coast, Italy, Tectonophysics, vol. 474, pp. 271-284.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Agricultural crop growth modelling: a tool for dealing with the threat of climate change affecting food security (case study for greenhouse tomato)
Climate change and essentiality of the food security have motived scientists to try innovative approaches, among which, crop growth models can help to predict crop yield. In order to simulate tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth, phenological characteristics of a short-life variety of tomato were assessed. Phenologic characteristics included leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), crop height (H), leaf fresh and dry weight (LFW and LDW), and stem fresh and dry weight (SFW and SDW). These parameters were measured at four different times (i.e. 33, 45, 55, and 87 days after planting) during tomato growth and development. Fruit fresh and dry weight (FFW and FDW), harvest index (HI), and water efficiency () were measured at the end of the crop season. This study was done in a randomized complete block design with three levels of irrigation (i.e. at 48h (i1), 72h (i2), and 96h (i3)) in three replications. Irrigation treatment had significant effects on LAI1, LAI2, H2, FLW1, FLW2, DLW1, DLW2, DL2, FSW1, DSW1, DSW2, and DS2 at the 0.01 level, while its effect on SLA1, SLA2, H1, and FSW2 was significant at the level 0.05. Two-tailed correlations among characteristics were investigated and regression models developed for DFW. Dry fruit weight was simulated using both AquaCrop and regression models, separately. It was found that regression model could predict DFW of tomatoes under different treatment better than AquaCrop. It was also concluded that the phenologic characteristics measured at 55 DAP provide good criteria for predicting tomato fruit production.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58365_762c158a05e27d1714e0d89e2891fe9a.pdf
2018-02-20
83
90
10.22071/gsj.2018.58365
AquaCrop
Biomass
Simulation
Mohammad Bagher
Lak
1
Ph.D. Student, Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
Saeid
Minaei
2
Professor, Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeid
Soufizadeh
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Banakar
4
Associate Professor, Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
References
1
Bazaneh, M., Khorsand, A., Zeinalzadeh, K. and Besharat, S., 2016- Evaluation of HYDRUS 2D software to estimate stored water and wetting pattern of surface drip irrigation (in Persian), Water and Soil Science, 26(1–2), pp. 287–301.
2
Franzluebbers, A. J., 2013- Introduction to themed section--supporting ecosystem services with conservation agricultural approaches, Renewable agriculture and food systems. Cambridge University Press, 28(2), p. 99.
3
Gobron, N., 2008- Leaf Area Index (LAI), Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables for Climate Change Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation, GTOS, 52.
4
Hamm, M. W. and Bellows, A. C., 2003- Community food security and nutrition educators, Journal of nutrition education and behavior. Elsevier, 35(1), pp. 37–43.
5
Hunt, E. R., Doraiswamy, P. C., McMurtrey, J. E., Daughtry, C. S. T., Perry, E. M. and Akhmedov, B., 2013- A visible band index for remote sensing leaf chlorophyll content at the canopy scale, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Elsevier, 21, pp. 103–112.
6
Karkach, A., 2006- Trajectories and models of individual growth, Demographic Research, 15, pp. 347–400.
7
Le Bot, J., Adamowicz, S. and Robin, P., 1998- Modelling plant nutrition of horticultural crops: a review, Scientia Horticulturae. Elsevier, 74(1), pp. 47–82.
8
Li, Y., Wang, L., Xue, X., Guo, W., Xu, F., Li, Y., Sun, W. and Chen, F., 2017- Comparison of drip fertigation and negative pressure fertigation on soil water dynamics and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato grown in the North China Plain, Agricultural Water Management. Elsevier, 184, pp. 1–8.
9
Mahajan, G. R., Sahoo, R. N., Pandey, R. N., Gupta, V. K. and Kumar, D., 2014- Using hyperspectral remote sensing techniques to monitor nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and potassium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Precision Agriculture. Springer, 15(5), pp. 499–522.
10
Masot Mata, A., i Casablancas, G., Albiol i Sala, J. and Waters, G., 2007- Engineering photosynthetic systems for bioregenerative life support. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,.
11
Miglietta, F. and Bindi, M., 1993- Crop growth simulation models for research, farm management and agrometeorology, EARSEL Advances in Remote Sensing, 2, pp. 148–157.
12
Murthy, V. R. K., 2004- Crop growth modeling and its applications in agricultural meteorology, Satellite remote sensing and GIS applications in agricultural meteorology, p. 235.
13
Niinemets, Ü. L., 1999- Research review. Components of leaf dry mass per area–thickness and density–alter leaf photosynthetic capacity in reverse directions in woody plants, New Phytologist. Wiley Online Library, 144(1), pp. 35–47.
14
Patel, S., Mohanty, S. and Pal, B. K., 2013- Simulation of crop growth model for agricultural planning, International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology, 4(6), pp. 553–560.
15
Rauff, K. O. and Bello, R., 2015- A review of crop growth simulation models as tools for agricultural meteorology, Agricultural Sciences. Scientific Research Publishing, 6(9), p. 1098.
16
Rossing, W., Wijk, M. van, Speelman, E. and Lubbers, M., 2011- Systems analysis, simulation and systems management, Wageningen: Wageningen University, Plant Production Systems [etc.].
17
Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., Fereres, E. and Raes, D., 2012- Crop yield response to water. FAO Roma.
18
Van Iersel, M. W., 2003- Carbon use efficiency depends on growth respiration, maintenance respiration, and relative growth rate. A case study with lettuce, Plant, Cell & Environment. Wiley Online Library, 26(9), pp. 1441–1449.
19
Vanuytrecht, E., Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., Fereres, E., Heng, L. K., Vila, M. G. and Moreno, P. M., 2014- AquaCrop: FAO’s crop water productivity and yield response model, Environmental Modelling & Software. Elsevier, 62, pp. 351–360.
20
Weiss, A., Flerchinger, G. N., McMaster, G. S., Wang, E., White, J. W., Yin, X., Struik, P. C. and Wienk, J. F., 2009- Recent advances in crop growth modelling, NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. Elsevier, 57(1), p. 3.
21
Zijiang, Y., 2016- Dynamic model for nutrient uptake by tomato plant in hydroponics (M.Sc. Thesis). Wageningen University.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Middle Jurassic biostratigraphy of plant macro and microfossils in Soltanieh Mountains, south of Zanjan, NW Iran
Jurassic deposits a section in south of Zanjan contain various taxa of macro and microfloras. Six plant macrofossil species belonging to five genera of various orders such as Equisetales, Cycadales, Bennettitales, and Pinales (Coniferales) are identified. This section contains seventeen species of palynomorphs in which six spore species allocated to six genera, eight pollen species allocated to five genera, and three dinocyst species allocated to two genera are present. Based on the occurrence of Index fossils such as Ptilophyllum harrisianum, Nilssonia sp. cf. N. bozorga, and Equisetites sp. cf. E. beanii, an early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian-Bajocian) age suggested for these sediments. Therefore, these deposits considered to belong to the Dansirit Formation. Moreover, based on the stratigraphic distribution of index fossils of plant macrofossils, miospores, and dinocysts, three assemblage biozones recognized. These biozones are Nilssonia sp. cf. N. bozorga-Ptilophyllum harrisianum, Klukisporites variegatus-Cycadopites crassimarginis,and Pareodinia ceratophora-Nannoceratopsis triceras Assemblage Zone, respectively. All these biozones are comparable to the other Known Iranian biozones. Therefore, it is concluded that uniform environmental conditions are dominant through North, Central, and East Central of Iran during this interval. Furthermore, because of the occurrence of dinoflagellates, this area was located at the margin of Tethys Ocean.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58367_c6292138712ba1983e87365e76fcf791.pdf
2018-02-20
91
102
10.22071/gsj.2018.58367
Biostratigraphy
Plant macro and microfossils
Jurassic
Shemshak Group
Zanjan
Fatemeh
Vaez-Javadi
1
Assistant Professor, School of Geology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nasrollah
Abbassi
2
Associate Professor, College of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Aghanabati, A., 1998- Jurassic stratigraphy of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran Publication, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
2
Alavi, M. H., Hajian, J., Amidi, M. and Bolourchi, M. H., 1982- Geology of Takab-Saein-Galeh, 1:250000. Geological Survey of Iran, Report No. 50: 99p.
3
Arjang, B., 1975- Die rato-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 1. Die Microflora der rato-jurassischen Ablagerungen des Kermaner Beckens (Zentral Iran), Palaeontographica B, Vol. 152 (4–6), pp. 85–148.
4
Ashraf, A. R., 1977- Die räto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 3. Die Mikrofloren der ratischen bis unterkretazischen Ablagerungen Nordafghanistans, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 161 (1–4), pp. 1–97.
5
Assereto, R., 1966- The Jurassic Shemshak Formation in Central Elburz (Iran), Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol. 72 (4), pp. 1133-1182.
6
Babakhani, A. and Sadeghi, A., 2004- Geological map of Zanjan: 1:100000, Geological Survey of Iran.
7
Barnard, P. D. W. and Miller, J. C., 1976- Flora of the Shemshak Formation (Elburz, Iran), Part 3: Middle Jurassic (Dogger) plants from Khatumbargah, Vasekgah and Imam Manak, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 155, pp. 31-117.
8
Barnard, P. D. W., 1965- The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (North Iran) II. Palaeontology. Flora of the Shemshak Formation Part 1. Liassic plants from Dorud, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol. 71 (4), pp. 1123-1168.
9
Barnard, P. D. W., 1967- The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (North Iran) II. Palaeontology. Flora of the Shemshak Formation Part 2. Liassic plants from Shemshak and Ashtar, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol. 73 (2), pp. 539-588.
10
Bharadwaj, D. C. and Kumar, P., 1986- Palynology of Jurassic sediments from Iran: 1, Kerman area, Biological Memoire, Vol. 12 (2), pp. 146-172.
11
Bolourchi, M. H., 1979- Explanatory text of Kabudar Ahang Quadrangle Map, 1:250000, Geological and Mineral Survey of Iran. Geological Quadrangle D5: 107p.
12
Bucefalo Palliani, R. B. and Riding, J. B., 2000- A Palynological investigation of the Lower and Lowermost Middle Jurassic strata (Sinemurian to Aalenian) from Yorkshire, UK, Proceedings of Yorkshire Geological Society, Vol. 53 (1), pp. 1-16.
13
Bunbury, C. J. F., 1851- On some fossil plants from the Jurassic strata of the Yorkshire Coast, Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London, Vol. 7, pp. 179-194.
14
Corsin, P. and Stampfli, G., 1977- La formation de Shemshak dans l’Elburz oriental (Iran) flore - stratigraphie – paléogéographie, Geobios, Vol. 10, pp. 509-571.
15
Davies, E. H., 1983- The dinoflagellate Oppel-zonation of the Jurassic -Lower Cretaceous sequence in the Sverdrup Basin, arctic Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, Vol. 359, 59 p.
16
De Jersey, N. J., 1970- Triassic miospores from the Blackstone Formation, Aberdare Conglomerate and Raceview Formation, Geological Survey of Queensland publication number, Vol. 348, 41p.
17
Fakhr, M. S., 1977- Contribution a l'étude de la flore Rhéto – Liasique de la formation de Shemshak de l'Elbourz (Iran), Mémoire de Section de Science, Vol. 5, 178 p., pl. I-LI. Paris.
18
Filatoff, J., 1975- Jurassic palynology of the Perth Basin, Western Australia, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 154 (1-4): 1-113.
19
Fürsich, F. T., Wilmsen, M. and Seyed-Emami, K., 2009- Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group of northern Iran, Geological Society London, Special Publications, Vol. 312, pp. 120-160.
20
Gedl, P., 2007- Early Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts from the Kraków-Silesia Monocline, southern Poland: A record from the Blanowice Formation at Mrzygłód, Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, Vol. 77, pp. 147–159.
21
Harris, T. M., 1961- The Yorkshire Jurassic Flora, I. Thallophyta-Pteridophyta, British Museum (Natural History), 212 p. London.
22
Hashemi-Yazdi, F., Sajjadi, F. and Hashemi, H., 2014- Palynostratigraphy of Hojedk Formation at the Eshkelli Stratigraphic section, North Kerman on the basis of miospores, Paleontology, Vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 111-127 (In Persian).
23
Helby, R., Morgan, R. and Partridge, A. D., 2004- Updated Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Dinocyst Zonation NWS Australia, Geoscience Australia Publication, ISBN: 1920871012. Chart 2.
24
Huault, V., 1999- Zones de kystes de dinoflagelles de l’intervalle Aalenien-Oxfordien sur la bordure meridionale du bassin de Paris: Dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the Aalenian-Oxfordian interval on the southern margin of the Paris Basin, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Vol. 107, pp. 145–190.
25
Ibrahim, M. I. A., Aboul Ela, N. M. and Kholeif, S. E., 2001- Palynostratigraphy of Jurassic to lower Cretaceous sequences from the Eestern Desert of Egypt, Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 32 (2), pp. 269-297.
26
Ibrahim, M. I. A., Kholeif, S. E. and Al-Saad, H., 2003- Dinoflagellate cyst Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironment of the Lower-Middle Jurassic succession of Qatar, Revue Española de Micropaleontología, Vol. 35, pp. 171-194.
27
Kilpper, K., 1968- Einige Bennettiteen-Blätter aus dem Lias von Karmozd-Zirab,Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany), Vol. 61, pp. 129-135.
28
Kimyai, A., 1968- Jurassic plant microfossils from the Kerman region, The Bulletin of the Iranian Petroleum Institute, pp. 3-23.
29
Koppelhus, E. B. and Hansen, C. F., 2003- Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Middle Jurassic Sortehat Formation (Neill Klinter Group), Jameson Land, East Greenland, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, Vol. 1, pp. 777–811.
30
Koppelhus, E. B. and Nielsen, L. H., 1994- Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Lower to Middle Jurassic Bagå Formation of Bornholm, Denmark, Palynology Vol.18, pp. 139-194.
31
Navidi-Izad, N., Sajjadi, F., Dehbozorgi, A. and Hashemi-Yazdi, F., 2015- Palynostratigraphy and sedimentary palaeoenvironment of Dalichi Formation at the Dictash stratigraphic section, NE Semnan, Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches, Esfahan, Vol. 57 (4), pp. 21-46 (In Persian).
32
Phipps, D. and Playford, G., 1984- Laboratory techniques for extraction of palynomorphs from sediments, Department of Geology, University of Queensland, Vol. 11, pp. 1–29.
33
Pocock, S. A. J., 1970- Palynology of the Jurassic sediments of western Canada, Terrestrial species, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 130 (1-2), pp. 12-72, continued in (3-6), pp. 73-136.
34
Reiser, R. F. and Williams, A. J., 1969- Palynology of the Lower Jurassic sediments of the northern Surat Basin, Queensland, Geological Survey of Queensland, Palaeontology Paper, Vol. 339 (15).
35
Riding, J. B. and Thomas, J. E., 1992- Dinoflagellate cysts of the Jurassic System” In: Powel, A.J. (ed.), “A Stratigraphic Index of Dinoflagellate cysts, British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series, Chapman & Hall, pp. 7-98.
36
Riding, J. B., Fedorova, V. A. and Ilyina, V. I., 1999- Jurassic and Lowermost Cretaceous dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the Russian Platform and Northern Siberia, Russia, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.
37
Sajjadi, F., Hashemi, H. and Dehbozorgi, A., 2007- Middle Jurassic palynomorphs of the Kashafrud Formation, Koppeh Dagh Basin, Northeastern Iran, Micropaleontology,Vol. 53 (5), pp. 391-408
38
Schenk, A., 1887- Fossile Pflanzen aus der Albours-Kette, Bibliotheca Botanica, Vol. 6, pp. 1-12, 9 pls.
39
Schweitzer, H. J. and Kirchner, M., 1996- Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 9. Coniferophyta, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 238 (4-6), pp. 77-139.
40
Schweitzer, H. J. and Kirchner, M., 1998- Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 11. Pteridospermophyta und Cycadophyta I. Cycadales, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 248 (1-3), pp. 1-85.
41
Schweitzer, H. J. and Kirchner, M., 2003- Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans 13. Cycadophyta. III. Bennettitales, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 264 (1-6), pp. 1-166.
42
Schweitzer, H. J. U., Kirchner, M. and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., 2000- The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 12. Cycadophyta II. Nilssoniales, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 279 (1-6), pp. 1-108.
43
Schweitzer, H. J., Schweitzer, U., Kirchner, M., Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., Van der Burgh, J. and Ashraf, R. A., 2009- The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 14. Pterophyta, Leptosporangiatae, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 279 (1-6), pp. 1-108.
44
Schweitzer, H. J., van Konijnenburg- van Cittert, J. H. A. and van Der Burg, J., 1997- The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 10. Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta-Eusporangiate and Protoleptosporangiate, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 243, pp. 103-192.
45
Seward, A. C., 1894- The Wealden Flora, Part I.- Thallophyta- Pteridophyta, Catalogue of the Mesozoic plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum. 179 pp. London.
46
Stöcklin, J. and Eftekhar-nezhad, J., 1969- Explanatory Text of the Zanjan Quadrangle Map, Geological Survey of Iran, report No D4, 61p. [with 1:250000 Geological map].
47
Stöcklin, J. and Setudehnia, A., 1991- Stratigraphic Lexicon of Iran, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran, Report No. 18, 379 p.
48
Vaez-Javadi, F. and Abbasi, N., 2012- Plant macrofossils of Baladeh area (Central Alborz), dating and Biostratigraphy, Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches, Esfahan, Vol. 48 (3), pp. 37-64. (In Persian)
49
Vaez-Javadi, F. and Allameh, M. 2015- Biostratigraphy of the Bazehowz Formation at its Type section, South West Mashhad based on plant macrofossils, Geopersia, Vol. 5 (1), pp. 27-44.
50
Vaez-Javadi, F. and Ghavidel-Syooki, M., 2005- Systematic study of Spore and Pollen in Shemshak Formation, Jajarm area, Geosciences, Vol.12 (56), pp. 94-123.
51
Vaez-Javadi, F. and Ghavidel-Syooki, M. and Ghasemi-Nejad, E., 2003- Biostratigraphy of Shemshak Formation in Ozon Mountain, Jajarm, based on Dinoflagellata. Journal of Science, University of Tehran, Vol. 29 (1), pp. 141-160.
52
Vaez-Javadi, F. and Mirzaei-Ataabadi, M., 2006- Jurassic plant macrofossils from the Hojedk Formation, Kerman area, east-central Iran, Alcheringa, 30, pp. 63-96.
53
Vaez-Javadi, F. and Namjoo, S., 2015- Biostratigraphy of Hojedk Formation in the North Kouchekali, west of Tabas and its climate analysis with the other similar florizones, Paleontology. Paleontology, 3 (2), pp. 220-243.
54
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2006- Plant fossil remains from the Rhaetion of shemshak formation. Narges-Chal area, Alborz, NE Iran, Rivista Italiania di paleontoligia e stratigrafia, Vol. 112 (3), pp. 397-416.
55
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2008- Plant macrofossils of Iran. Department of Environment Publications, 256p.
56
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2011- Middle Jurassic flora from the Dansirit Formation of the Shemshak Group, Alborz, north Iran, Alcheringa, Vol. 35, pp. 77-102.
57
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2012- Plant Macrofossils from Tiar Area, South Amol, Dating and Correlation with the other Florizone of Iran, Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches,Esfahan, Vol. 21 (83), pp. 229-237 (In Persian).
58
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2014- Triassic and Jurassic Floras and Climate of Central-East Iran, Geological Survey of Iran, Rahi Publication, Tehran, 254p.
59
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2015- Plant macrofossils and Biostratigraphy of the Calshaneh section, NW Tabas and its palaeoclimate analysis, Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches, Esfahan, Vol. 61 (4), pp. 105-123 (In Persian).
60
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2016- Integrated Biostratigraphy of Plant Macrofossils, Miospores and Dinocysts of Hojedk Formation at the South Kouchekali, Tabas, 34th conference of Geosciences, Tehran, Geological Survey of Iran.
61
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2017- Palynostratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic sediments in Hojedk Formation, Tabas Block, East-Central Iran, Palaeobotanist, Vol.66, pp. 47-60.
62
Vaez-Javadi, F., 2018- Dinoflagellate Palynostratigraphy of Middle Jurassic of the Hojedk Formation, Tabas, Central-East Iran and its correlation to the other Palynomorph zones in Iran and elsewhere, Geosciences (In Persian).
63
Van Helden, B. G. T., 1977- Correlation of microplankton assemblages with ammonite faunas from the Jurassic Wilkie Point Formation, Prince Patrie Island, District of Franklin, Geological Survey of Canada, Vol. 77-LB, pp. 163-171.
64
Vijaya and Sen, K. K., 2005- Palynological study of the Dubrajpur formation in the Mesozoic succession, Pachambi Area, Birbhum Coalfiel, West Bengal, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, Vol. 50 (1), pp. 121-133.
65
Weiss, M., 1989- Die Sporenfloren aus Rät und Jura südwest-Deutscglands und ihre beziehung zur Ammoniten-Stratigraphie, Palaeontographica B, Vol. 15 (1-6), pp. 1-168.
66
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of structural geology on integrated water resources modeling improvement; a case study of Garesoo river basin, in Doab-Merek station, Kermanshah, Iran
Garesoo river basin in Doab-Merek, as studying area of this research, located in northwest of Kermanshah province in west part of Iran. There is long-term hydro climatologic data in this basin about rainfall, temperature, etc. (more than 50 years) and main river data (about 35 years). Due to intense fall down groundwater level and seasonal river drying, in the past 10 years .It was necessary that studies be done to the management water resources of region. Studies performed at first by linking MODFLOW to WEAP model with information and initial understanding of the geology and the others information of the area. The results were not satisfactory especially regarding the prediction runoff basin in outlet, despite the long term data. After these initial studies, and based on complete studying, it was cleared that complicated geological conditions with new Tectonics activities were key to the adaptation of the model to reality. In addition, geophysical surveys using radar approach showed that the fault is in match with the trend of river, and it can recharge river in wet season from hard rock water resources. Finally we achieved a good acceptance matching between calculated and observed discharge of river in Doab-Merek station with satisfactory results.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58368_655eb9ffd08a18dbb822b618dba32b7a.pdf
2018-02-20
103
110
10.22071/gsj.2018.58368
integrated water resources model
structural geology
WEAP-MODFLOW
Linked model
radar approach geophysics
Active faults
Masood
Fotovat
1
Ph.D., Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Jahangir
Porhemmat
2
Associate Professor, Watershed Management and Soil Conservation Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Sedghi
3
Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Bababzadeh
4
Associate Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Ab va Khak consulting engineers, 1978- Kermanshah Regional Water Co.(KRWC),ministry of energy,Iran (in persian).
2
Atkinson, T. C., 1977- Diffuse flow and conduit flow limeston terrain in the Mendip Hills,Somerset(Great Britain).Jour.hydrol.,35,93-110.
3
Atzori, S., Baer G., Antonoli, A. and Salvi, S., 2015- InSar-based modeling and analysis of sinkholes along the dead sea coastline, Geophysical Research Letters (AGU), 8383-8390.
4
Barthel, R., Jagelke, J., Gotzinger, J., Gaiser, T. and Printz, A., 2008- Aspects of choosing appropriate concepts for modeling groundwater resources in regional integrated water resources management – Examples from the Neckar (Germany) and Oueme catchment (Benin), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 33, 92–114.
5
Canora, F., Dolores Fidelibus, M., Sciortino, A. and Spilotro, G., 2008- Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy) Engineering Geology 99, 210–227.
6
Cigna, F., Jordan, H., Bateson, L., Cormack, H. and Roberts, C., 2015- Natural and Anthropogenic Geohazards in Greater London Observed from Geological and ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT Persistent Scatterers Ground Motion Data:Results from the EC FP7-SPACE PanGeo Project, Pure Appl. Geophys. 172, 2965–2995.
7
Comut, F. C., Ustun, A., Lazecky, M. and Aref, M. M., 2015- multi band INSAR analysis of subsidence development based on the Long Period Time Series, International Conference on Sensors & Models in Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, 23–25 Nov, Kish Island, Iran.
8
Daher, W., Pistre, S., Kneppers, A., Bakalowicz, M. and Najem, W., 2011- Karst and artificial recharge: Theoretical and practical problems A preliminary approach to artificial recharge assessment, Journal of Hydrology, 408 , 189–202.
9
Fakhri, F. and Kalliola, R., 2015- Monitoring ground deformation in the settlement of Larissa in Central Greece by implementing SAR interferometry, Nat Hazards, 78:1429–1445.
10
Kaufmann, G., 2014- Geophysical mapping of solution and collapse sinkholes, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 111, 271–288.
11
Linares, R., Roque, C., Gutierrez, F., Zarroca, M., Carbonel, D., Bach, J. and Fabregat, I., 2017- The impact of droughts and climate change on sinkhole occurrence. A case study from the evaporate karst of the Fluvia valley, NE Spain, Sci Total Environ,2017 Feb 1;579:345-358
12
Nazari, H., Ghorashi, M., Karimi Bavandpour, A., Basavand, M. and Fotovat, M., 2015- Active faulting and it’s act on forming and geometry of the plains ;case study :MIANDARBAND and SANJABI faults (north west of Kermanshah) and MIANDARBAND and RVANSAR-SANJABI plain, Ministry of energy,Water Resources Management co.,Kermanshah Regional Water Authority, No 109 (in Persian).
13
Parise, M., 2015- A procedure for evaluating the susceptibility to natural and anthropogenic sinkholes, Georisk, 9(4), 272–285.
14
Rivera, A., 2007- Groundwater Modeling:from geology to hydrogeology,Geology survey of Canada ,Quebec, Canada.
15
Thery, J. M., Pubellier, M., Thery, B., Butterlin, J., Blondeau, A. and Adams, C. G., 1999- Importance of active tectonics during karst formation. A Middle Eocene to Pleistocene example of the Lina Moutains (Irian Jaya, Indonesia), Geodinamica Acta, 12, 3-4, 213-221.
16
Zamin Abpay consulting engineers, 2010- Geophysical studies in geo radar approach for geological survey, in Ravansar area. Ministry of energy, Water Resources Management co., Kermanshah Regional Water Authority (in Persian).
17
Zamin Kav Gostar consulting engineers, 2012- Kermanshah Regional Water Co. (KRWC), ministry of energy, Iran (in Persian).
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of relationship between silver and lead mineralization based on fractal modeling in Mehdiabad Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Central Iran
Main aim of this study is to determine relationship between lead and silver mineralized zones using the Concentration-Volume (C-V) fractal modeling and logratio matrix based on subsurface data in Mehdiabad Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, central Iran. First, Pb and Ag raw data were analyzed by statistical processes and their histogram have similar shape. Next, Geostatistical modeling was carried out for the Pb and Ag data and their distributions were estimated by ordinary kriging. Then, the C-V log-log plots were created for the Pb and Ag which show five populations as mineralized zones for both of them. Moreover, correlation between the Pb and Ag different mineralized zones were calculated by the logratio matrix. Overall accuracies (OAs) are higher than 90% for enriched and highly mineralized zones of these elements. However, these zones were validated with geological particulars which indicate that oxidized mineralization is situated in Black Hill (gossan) and Calamine mine and silver was enriched in cerussites. Results obtained by the fractal modeling represent that the main mineralization for Pb and Ag occur in the central and NW part of the Mehdiabad deposit especially in the oxidized mineralization.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58371_6a3f55a5019b607b6034b540e736fb82.pdf
2018-02-20
111
118
10.22071/gsj.2018.58371
Concentration-Volume (C-V) fractal model
Logratio matrix
Mehdiabad Zn-Pb-Ag deposit
Pb and Ag mineralized zones
Gholamreza
Hashemi Marand
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Jafari
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Peyman
Afzal
3
Associate Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Khakzad
4
Professor, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Afzal, P., Ahmadi, K. and Rahbar, K., 2017- Application of fractal-wavelet analysis for separation of geochemical anomalies. Journal of African Earth Sciences 128, 27-36.
2
Afzal, P., Fadakar Alghalandis, Y., Khakzad, A., Moarefvand, P. and Rashidnejad Omran, N., 2011- Delineation of mineralization zones in porphyry Cu deposits by fractal concentration-volume modeling, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 108, p. 220-232.
3
Afzal, P., Fadakar Alghalandis, Y., Khakzad, A., Moarefvand, P., Rashidnejad Omran, N. and Asadi Haroni, H., 2012- Application of power spectrum- volume fractal method for detecting hypogene, supergene enrichment, leached and barren zones in Kahang Cu porphyry deposit, Central Iran. J. Geochem Explor. 112, 131e138.
4
Agterberg, F. P., 1995- Multifractal modeling of the sizes and grades of giant and supergiant deposits. Int. Geol. Rev. 37, 1-8.
5
Boni, M., 2014- Supergene Nonsulfide Zinc Ores State of the Art, Abstract at 21st General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Sandton South Africa.
6
Borg, G., 2005- Geological and economical significance of supergene nonsulphide zinc deposits in Iran and their exploration potential Geological Survey of Iran (Ed.), Mining and Sustainable Development. 20th World Mining Congress, 7–11 November 2005, Tehran, Iran, pp. 385-390
7
Borg, G., 2009- The influence of fault structures on the genesis of supergene zinc deposits Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication, 14, pp. 121-132.
8
Borg, G., 2015- A review of supergene nonsulphide zinc (SNSZ) deposits - the 2014 update Archibald, S.M., Piercey, S.J., (Eds.), Current Perspectives of Zinc Deposits, Irish Association for Economic Geology, Dublin, pp. 123-147.
9
Carranza, E. J. M., 2011- Analysis and mapping of geochemical anomalies using logratio-transformed stream sediment data with censored values, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 110, p. 167-185.
10
Chen, G. and Cheng, Q., 2016- Singularity analysis based on wavelet transform of fractal measures for identifying geochemical anomaly in mineral exploration. Comp.Geosci. 87, 56-66.
11
Cheng, Q., Agterberg, F. P. and Ballantyne, S. B., 1994- The separation of geochemical anomalies from background by fractal methods. J. Geochem. Explor 51, 109-130.
12
Cheng, Q., Xu, Y. and Grunsky, E., 1999- Integrated spatial and spectral analysis for geochemical anomaly separation. In: Lippard, S.J., Naess, A., Sinding-Larsen, R. (Eds.), Proc. of the Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, vol. 1, pp. 87e92. Trondheim, Norway.
13
Davis, J. C., 2002- Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 3th ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York.
14
Delavar, S. T., Afzal, P., Borg, G., Rasa, I., Lotfi, M. and Rashidnejad Omran, N., 2012- Delineation of mineralization zones using concentration-volume fractal method in Pb–Zn Carbonate hosted deposits. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Journal of Geochemical Exploration 118, 98–110.
15
Hitzman, M. H., Reynolds, N. A., Sangster, D. F., Allen, C. R. and Carman, C. E., 2003- Classification, genesis, and exploration guides for nonsulphide zinc deposits Economic Geology 98, 685-714.
16
Leach, D. L., Bradley, D. C., Huston, D., Pisarevsky, S. A., Taylor, R. D. and Gardoll, S. J., 2010- Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits in earth history. Economic Geology 105, 593-625.
17
Li, C. J., Ma, T. H. and Shi, J. F., 2003- Application of a fractal method relating concentration and distances for separation of geochemical anomalies from background. J. Geochem Explor 77, 167-175.
18
Maghfouri, S., 2017- Geology, Geochemistry, Ore Controlling Parameters and Genesis of Early Cretaceous Carbonate-clastic Hosted Zn-Pb Deposits in Southern Yazd Basin, with Emphasis on Mehdiabad Deposit (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis), Tabriz University, Iran, p. 475
19
Maghfouri, S., Hosseinzadeh, M. R., Rajabi, A. and Choulet, F., 2017- A review of major non-sulfide zinc deposits in Iran. Geoscience Frontiers (In press).
20
Maghfouri, S., Hosseinzadeh, M. R., Rajabi, A., Azimzadeh, A. M. and Choulet, F., 2015- Geology and Origin of Mineralization in the Mehdiabad Zn-Pb-Ba (Cu) Deposit, Yazd Block, Central Iran. 13th SGA biennial meeting, Nancy-France.
21
Majidifard, M. R., 1996- Stratigraphy, fossils and environment of Early Cretaceous rocks from the northern hills of Shirkuh Geological Survey of Iran, Earth Science, 20 (1996), pp. 2-31 (in Persian with English abstract).
22
Mandelbrot, B. B., 1983- The Fractal Geometry of Nature. Freeman, San Fransisco, 468 p.
23
Nabavi, M., 1972- Early Cretaceous Deposits in the Taft-Yazd and Khur area. Geological Survey of Iran, Report 106, pp. 1-127.
24
Rajabi, A., Canet, C., Rastad, E. and Alfonso, P., 2015- Basin evolution and stratigraphic correlation of sedimentary-exhalative Zn–Pb deposits of the Early Cambrian Zarigan–Chahmir Basin, Central Iran. Ore Geology Reviews 64, 328-353.
25
Rajabi, A., Rastad, E., Alfonso, P. and Canet, C., 2012- Geology, ore facies and sulfur isotopes of the Koushk vent-proximal sedimentary-exhalative deposit, Posht-e-Badam block, Central Iran. International Geology Review 54, 1635-1648.
26
Zuo, R., Wang, J., Chen, G. and Yang, M., 2015- Identification of weak anomalies: a multifractal perspective. J. Geochem. Explor. 148, 12-24.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mineralogy and geochemistry of Nodoushan Zn-Pb deposit: A transitional deposit in UDMA, Central Iran
Eocene magmatism with intermediate-acid tuffs and volcanic rocks, the host to the Nodoushan deposit in Yazd province, intruded by Oligocene early diorite and later granite plutonic rocks. The former involved in iron skarn (containing epidote and euhedral grossularite) to the north and northern part of the deposit, the latter contributed to fault-controlled Zn-Pb deposit. The structural features controlled both the mineralization and consequent alterations which ranged from silicification (central) to argillic (northern). Propylitic alteration and dolomitization considered the minor ones, the iron contamination of which could be provided by earlier iron mineralization. Sulfide minerals dominantly pyrite, sphalerite and galena followed by chalcopyrite and late stage copper minerals such as covellite, digenite, bornite, chalcocite. Oxide minerals developed to the depth of 40m as a result of faults. Sphalerite which is of high-Fe type was characterized by extensive chalcopyrite disease, the iron content of which provided by earlier iron concentration. The concentration of chalcopyrite exsolution along sphalerite margins as well as galena veinlets is due to the thermal shock of later stage hydrothermal fluids that deposited galena and chalcopyrite. Negligible fossil replacements indicate both mineralization and alteration. It was concluded that the Zn-dominant mineralization was deposited under the structural controlling faults which reflects part of its earlier iron mineralization.
http://www.gsjournal.ir/article_58372_78a19f490e854d9b27fd78b3c0cdfba4.pdf
2018-02-20
119
130
10.22071/gsj.2018.58372
Vein-type
Epithermal
Zn-Pb deposit
Nodoushan
Kamran
Motevali
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Behzadi
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Yazdi
3
Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Ahmad, T. P., 1993- Geochemisty and Petrogenesis of Urumiah-DokhtarVolcanics Around Nain and Rafsanjan Areas: A Preliminary Study, Treatise on the Geology of Iran. Iranian Ministry of Mines and Metals.
2
Barati, B., 2017- Detailed exploration and mineral-geological mapping in Nodoushan Iron area (yazd Province) on the scale of 1:1000. Geological Survey of Iran.
3
Barton, P. and Bethke, P. M., 1987- Chalcopyrite disease in sphalerite: Pathology and epidemiology. American Mineralogist , 451-467.
4
Bazin, D. and Hübner, H., 1969- Copper deposits in Iran, Report No.13. Geological Survey of Iran.
5
Bazin, D. and Hubner, H., 1968- Khut copper prospect. Geological Survey of Iran.
6
Berberian, M. and Berberian, F., 1981- Tectono-plutonic episodes in Iran.
7
Berberian, M. and King, G. C. P., 1981- Towards a Paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 18, 210-265.
8
Brown, T. J., Idoine, N. E., Raycraft, E. R., Shaw, R. A., Deady, E. A., Hobbs, S. F. and Bide, T., 2017- World mineral Production 2011-2015. British Geological Survey.
9
Etemadi, B., Taghipour, B., Qobadi, A., Eslami, A. and Salimidarani, M., 2012- Petrography and tectonic setting of Tertiary igneous rocks in Nodoushan, SW Sadough, Yazd Province. Journal of petrology , pp. 13-26.
10
Giese, P. M., 1984- The Crustal Structure in Southern Iran Derived from Seismic Explosion Data. Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlung , 168, 230-243.
11
Hakemi, A., 1997- Shahdad - Archaeological excavations of a Bronze Age center in Iran. Reports and Memoirs 27. Rome.
12
Hauptmann, A. R. S., 2003- Early Bronze age copper metallurgy man and mining-Mensch und Bergbau. Deutsches Bergbau Museum Bochum.
13
Kavoshgaran Consulting Engineers, 2010- Final report on Exploraton at Nodushan polymetallic deposits, Yazd province. Geological Survey of Iran.
14
Lotfi, M., Mirmohammadsedghi, M. M. and Omrani, J., 1993- Mineral distribution map of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran.
15
Makizadeh, M., Rahgoshay, M., Daliran, F., 2007- Development of andraditic garnets in Surk iron deposit. Research Journal of Isfahan University, pp. 157-168.
16
Minook Consulting Engineers, 1993- Preliminary exploration and Geological mining mapping of Surk Iron ore -Nodoushan, Yazd on the scale of 1:5000.
17
Momenzadeh, M., 2005- A glimpse on ancient mines and mining in Iran. Journal of Cheshmeh, No.5 (in Persian). , pp. 7-11.
18
Najafi, A., Motevali, K. and Abdi, M., 2012- Mineral distribution map of Iran. National Geosciences Database of Iran, Geological Survey of Iran.
19
Omrani, J., Agard, P., Whitechurch, H., Benoit, M., Prouteau, G. and Jolivet, L., 2008- Arc-magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains, Iran: A new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences. Lithos , 380 –398.
20
Qalamqash, J. and Mohammadiha, K., 2005- Geological map of Kafe Taqestan on the scale of 1:100000. Map . Geological Survey of Iran.
21
Ramdohr, P., 1969- The ore minerals and their intergrowths. Pergamon Press.
22
Schreiner, M., 2002- Mineralogical and geochemical investigations into prehistoric smelting slags from Tepe Sialk/Central Iran. Institute für Mineralogie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg.
23
Sepehrifar, P., 2011- Ore Genesis of Nodoushan Polymetallic deposit (In Persian). Dissertation . Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran.
24
Shahabpour, J., 2007- Island-arc affinity of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt. Journal of Asian earth sciences , 652-665.
25
Shahsavari Alavijeh, B., Rashidnezhad-Omran, N. and Corfu, F., 2017- Zircon U-Pb ages and emplacement history of the Nodoushan plutonic complex in the central Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt, Central Iran: Product of Neotethyan subduction during the Paleogene. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , 283–295.
26
Taghipour, B. and Makizadeh, M. A., 2011- Skarn petrogenesis related to Aliabad-Darrehzereshk porphyry copper intrusive body, Yazd. Journal of Economic Geology, 1 (3), 79-92.
27
Taghizadeh Khajooee, N. and Sheykhi Karizaki, H., 1998- Preliminary exploration studies for metallic complexes in Nodoushan district, Yazd. Danesh Zamin Consulting Engineers.
28
Volkov, A. V., Chizhova, I. A., Yu, V., Alekseev, A. and Sidorov, A., 2013- Variations of the Ag/Au Index in Epithermal Deposits. Doklady Earth Sciences, 911-914.
29
Yajam, S., 2005- The study of geochemistry and petrology of plutonic rocks of SW Nodoushan. M.Sc. Tehran, Tehran, Iran: Tarbiat Moallem University.
30
Yazdi, M., 1992- Economic geology and petrology of Khut deposit, Yazd. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (M.Sc. Thesis).
31