Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Deputy of exploration, Exploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The Dariyan Formation with the Aptian age is the youngest reservoir formation of the Upper Khami group which is important in terms of hydrocarbon reservoir potential. This formation is 135 meters thick in the Kuh-e-Mish surface section and consists of thin, thick and massive limestone, marl and shale. Petrographic studies led to the identification of 13 microfacies. These have been deposited in four types of depositional environments, including inner ramp, mid ramp, outer ramp and basin, in a ramp type carbonate platform. Based on petrography, lateral and vertical facies changes,
3 third-order cycles distinguished. An integrated multidisciplinary approach including, petrography, surface gamma-ray spectrometry and trace element analysis have been used for recognition of original carbonate mineralogy and stratigraphic interpretations of this succession. Geochemistry of minor and major elements reveal original aragonitic mineralogy of the Dariyan Formation. Bivariate plot of Mn versus Sr/Ca values illustrated that the Aptian carbonates were affected by semi close diagenetic system with moderate water/rock interaction. Trace elements (Fe and Mn) contents are compared with distribution of sedimentary facies and depositional sequences to investigate and correlate stratigraphic boundaries, which are determined by sequence stratigraphy in shallow marine carbonate platform of the Dariyan Formation. The elemental peaks coinciding with the sequence boundaries and elemental peaks are correlated with maximum flooding surfaces.
Keywords
- “Sequence stratigraphy”
- “Original carbonate mineralogy”
- “Elemental Analysis”
- “Dariyan Formation“: “Aptian”
- “Zagros”
Main Subjects
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James, G., and Wynd, J., 1965, Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area: AAPG Bulletin, v. 49, no. 12, p.
2182-2245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/A663388A-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Masse, J., Fenerci, M., and Pernarcic, E., 2003, Palaeobathymetric reconstruction of peritidal carbonates: Late Barremian, Urgonian, sequences of Provence (SE France): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 65-81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00445-0.
Michalík, J., Soták, J., Lintnerová, O., Halásová, E., Bąk, M., Skupien, P., and Boorova, D., 2008, The stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental setting of Aptian OAE black shale deposits in the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Slovak Western Carpathians: Cretaceous Research, v. 29, no. 5-6, p. 871-892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2008.05.005.
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Muttoni, G., and Kent, D. V., 2007, Widespread formation of cherts during the early Eocene climate optimum: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 253, no. 3-4, p. 348-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.06.008.
Palma, R. M., López-Gómez, J., and Piethé, R. D., 2007, Oxfordian ramp system (La Manga Formation) in the Bardas Blancas area (Mendoza province) Neuquén Basin, Argentina: facies and depositional sequences: Sedimentary Geology, v. 195, no. 3-4, p. 113-134. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.001.
Pittet, B., Strasser, A., and Mattioli, E., 2000, Depositional sequences in deep-shelf environments: a response to sea-level changes and shallow-platform carbonate productivity (Oxfordian, Germany and Spain): Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, no. 2, p. 392-407. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC40918-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D.
Pomar, L., 2001, Types of carbonate platforms: a genetic approach: Basin Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 313-334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0950-091x.2001.00152.x.
Rao, C. P., 1991, Geochemical differences between subtropical (Ordovician), cool temperate (Recent and Pleistocene) and subpolar (Permian) carbonates, Tasmania, Australia: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 6, no. 1, p. 83-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03175385.
Rao, C. P., and Adabi, M. H., 1992, Carbonate minerals, major and minor elements and oxygen and carbon isotopes and their variation with water depth in cool, temperate carbonates, western Tasmania, Australia: Marine Geology, v. 103, no. 1-3, p. 249-272.
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Read, J. F., 1985, Carbonate Platform Facies Models: AAPG Bulletin, v. 69, no. 1, p. 1-21.
Renard, M., De Rafélis, M., Emmanuel, L., Beltran, C., Moullade, M., and Tronchetti, G., 2007, Fluctuations of sea-water chemistry during Gargasian (Middle Aptian) time. Data from trace-element content (Mg, Sr, Mn, Fe) in hemipelagic carbonates from La Marcouline Quarry (Cassis, SE France): Carnets de géologie. v. 03, p. 1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/8454.
Romero, J., Caus, E., and Rosell, J., 2002, A model for the palaeoenvironmental distribution of larger foraminifera based on late Middle Eocene deposits on the margin of the South Pyrenean basin (NE Spain): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 179, no. 1-2, p. 43-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00406-0.
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