نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زمین‌شناسی اقتصادی، دانشکده زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
کانسار مس- مولیبدن پورفیری جانجا در فاصله 70 کیلومتری جنوب نهبندان و در پهنه ساختاری زمین‌درز سیستان، خاور ایران واقع شده است. کانه‌زایی در این کانسار در ارتباط با استوک دیوریتی، کوارتزدیوریتی تا گرانودیوریتی با بافت گرانولار تا پورفیری است که درون واحدهای فیلیشی کرتاسه جای گرفته است. از نظر ژئوشیمیایی توده نفوذی جانجا دارای ترکیب کالک- آلکالن و متاآلومینوس و از گرانیتوییدهای تیپ I می‌باشد که در یک محیط فرورانش حاشیه قاره‌ای جایگزین شده است. فعالیت‌های گرمابی منطقه کاملاً تحت‌تأثیر توده نفوذی جانجا رخ‌داده و در اثر فعالیت این سیالات گرمابی، انواع دگرسانی‌های پتاسیک، پروپیلیتیک، آرژیلیک و به ندرت فیلیک تشکیل‌شده‌اند. کانه‌زایی در کانسار جانجا به‌صورت افشان و رگه-رگچه (داربستی) و عمدتاً در پهنه پتاسیک رخ‌داده است. پهنه‌های کانه‌زایی شامل پهنه درونزاد، پهنه غنی‌شده برونزاد و پهنه اکسیدی در کانسار جانجا است. مجموعه کانه‌های سولفیدی شناسایی شده در این کانسار شامل کالکوپیریت، پیریت، کوولیت، کالکوسیت، مولیبدنیت، بورنیت و کانه‌های اکسیدی شامل مگنتیت، هماتیت، گوتیت و هیدروکربنات‌های مس شامل مالاکیت و آزوریت می‌باشد. طلا و مولیبدن نیز عمدتاً در همراهی با کانی‌های سولفیدی مس از جمله کالکوپیریت و بورنیت می‌باشد. مطالعات میانبارهای سیال رگه‌های کوارتز- سولفیدی مربوط به پهنه دگرسانی پتاسیک در این کانسار نشان‌دهنده محدوده دمای همگن‌شدن 301 تا 480 درجه سانتی‌گراد و میانگین شوری 19 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام برای میانبارهای آبگین و محدوده دمای همگن‌شدن 254 تا بیش از 550 درجه سانتی‌گراد و میانگین شوری 54 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام برای میانبارهای سیال بسیار شور می‌باشد. نتایج این مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که در کانسار جانجا فرایندهای اختلاط و سرد شدن سیالات باعث نهشت کانه‌زایی مس- مولیبدن-(طلا) شده است. در نهایت با توجه به ویژگی‌های کانسار جانجا، از جمله محیط زمین‌ساختی، سنگ میزبان، کانی‌شناسی، ویژگی‌های سیال کانه‌ساز، محتوای فلزی، نوع کانه‌زایی و دگرسانی‌ها و مقایسه این ویژگی‌ها با کانسارهای پورفیری می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کانه‌زایی در کانسار جانجا قابل‌مقایسه با کانسارهای مس- مولیبدن- (طلا) پورفیری نوع حاشیه قاره‌ای می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عبدل‌زاده، م.، 1385، مطالعه ژئوشیمیایی، کانه‌زایی و دگرسانی در کانسار مس دره‌زار، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز، 326 صفحه.
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Aliyari, F., Rastad, E., and Mohajjel, M., 2012. Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion- Related Gold Systems. Resource Geology, 62(3), 296-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00196.x.
Asadi, S., Moore, F., and Zarasvandi, A., 2014. Discriminating productive and barren porphyry copper deposits in the southeastern part of the central Iranian volcano-plutonic belt, Kerman region, Iran: a review. Earth Sci. Rev. 138, 25–46. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.001.
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Auditat, A., Pettke, T., Heinrich, C. A., and Bodnar, R. J., 2008. The composition of magmatic hydrothermal fluids in barren and mineralized intrusions. Econ Geol, 103, 877-908.
Baker, T., Bickford, D., Juras, S., Lewis, P., Oztas, Y., Ross, K., and Creaser, R. A., 2016. The geology of the Kisladag porphyry gold deposit, Turkey. Soc. Econ. Geologists Spec. Publ, 19, 1-27.
Becker, S. P., Fall, A., and Bodnar, R. J., 2016. Synthetic fluid inclusions. XVII. 1 PVTX properties of high salinity H2O-NaCl solutions (> 30 wt% NaCl): Application to fluid inclusions that homogenize by halite disappearance from porphyry copper and other hydrothermal ore deposits. Economic Geology, 103(3), 539-554. doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.539.
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Hezarkhani, A., 2008. Hydrothermal evolution of the Miduk porphyry copper system, Kerman, Iran: a fluid inclusion investigation. International Geology Review, 50(7), 665-684.
Hezarkhani, A., 2006. Petrology of the intrusive rocks within the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Azerbaijan, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(3), 326-340. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.04.005.
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Aliyari, F., Rastad, E., and Mohajjel, M., 2012. Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion- Related Gold Systems. Resource Geology, 62(3), 296-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00196.x.
Asadi, S., Moore, F., and Zarasvandi, A., 2014. Discriminating productive and barren porphyry copper deposits in the southeastern part of the central Iranian volcano-plutonic belt, Kerman region, Iran: a review. Earth Sci. Rev. 138, 25–46. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.001.
Audétat, A., and Günther, D., 1999. Mobility and H2O loss from fluid inclusions in natural quartz crystals. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 137(1), 1-14.
Auditat, A., Pettke, T., Heinrich, C. A., and Bodnar, R. J., 2008. The composition of magmatic hydrothermal fluids in barren and mineralized intrusions. Econ Geol, 103, 877-908.
Baker, T., Bickford, D., Juras, S., Lewis, P., Oztas, Y., Ross, K., and Creaser, R. A., 2016. The geology of the Kisladag porphyry gold deposit, Turkey. Soc. Econ. Geologists Spec. Publ, 19, 1-27.
Becker, S. P., Fall, A., and Bodnar, R. J., 2016. Synthetic fluid inclusions. XVII. 1 PVTX properties of high salinity H2O-NaCl solutions (> 30 wt% NaCl): Application to fluid inclusions that homogenize by halite disappearance from porphyry copper and other hydrothermal ore deposits. Economic Geology, 103(3), 539-554. doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.539.
Bodnar, R. J., and Samson, I., 2003. Introduction to fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusions: Analysis and interpretation, 32, 1-8.
Bodnar, R. J., Lecumberri-Sanchez, P., Moncada, D., and Steele-MacInnis, M., 2014. Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Editionth edn. Elsevier, Oxford, 119-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01105-0.
Boomeri, M., 2014. Ore Deposits and indexes of Sistan Baluchestan province. 6th symposium of Iranian society of Economic Geology.
Boomeri, M., Moradi, R., Stein, H., and Bagheri, S., 2019. Geology, Re-Os age, S and O isotopic composition of the Lar porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, southeast Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 104, 477-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.11.018.
Camp, V.E., and Griffis, R.J., 1982. Character genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan suture zone, eastern Iran: Lithos, v. 15, p. 221- 239.
Calagari, A, A., 2004. Fluid inclusion studies in quartz veinlets in the porphyry copper deposit at Sungun, East-Azarbaidjan, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, England. v. 28, p. 179–189. DOI: 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00085-3.
Chappel, B. W., and White, A. J. R., 2001. Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48(4), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2001.00882.x.
Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D., and Pankhurst, R. J., 1979. The interpretation of igneous rocks, George Allen and Unwin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3373-1-3.
Footohi Rad, G.R., 2004. Petrology and geochemistry of metamorphosed ophiolites of east of Birjand, unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran, Iran, 324 pp.
Goldstein, R. H., Samson, I., Anderson, A., and Marshall, D., 2003. Petrographic analysis of fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusions: Analysis and interpretation, 32, 9-53.
Hezarkhani, A., 2008. Hydrothermal evolution of the Miduk porphyry copper system, Kerman, Iran: a fluid inclusion investigation. International Geology Review, 50(7), 665-684.
Hezarkhani, A., 2006. Petrology of the intrusive rocks within the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Azerbaijan, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(3), 326-340. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.04.005.
Hou, M.D., Zhang, H.R., and Jia, J.W., 2013. New research on the genesis of Sungun porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit in Iran. Geol. Sci. Technol. Inf. 32 (5), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104013.
Imer, A., Richards, J. P., and Muehlenbachs, K., 2016- Hydrothermal evolution of the Çöpler porphyry-epithermal Au deposit, Erzincan province, central eastern Turkey. Economic Geology, 111(7), 1619-1658. DOI doi.org/ 10.2113/ econgeo .111.7 .1619.
Irvine, T.N.J., and Baragar, W.R.A.F., 1971- A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian journal of earth sciences, 8(5), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055.
Karimpour, M. H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Stern, C. R., and Farmer, L., 2012. Petrogenesis of Granitoids, U–Pb zircon geochronology, Sr–Nd isotopic characteristic and important occurrence of Tertiary mineralization within the Lut Block, Eastern Iran. Journal of Economic Geology, 4(1), 1-27.
Kou, G.Y., Xu, B., Zhou, Y., Zheng, Y. Ch., Hou, Z.Q., Zhou, L.M., Zhang, Y.F., and Yu, J. X., 2021- Geology and petrogenesis of the Sungun deposits: Implications for the genesis of porphyry-type mineralization in the NW Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic Arc, Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 131, 104013. doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104013.
Kouzmanov, K., Pokrovski, G. S., Hedenquist, J. W., Harris, M., and Camus, F., 2012. Hydrothermal controls on metal distribution in porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) systems. Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Publ, 16, 573-618.
Large, R.R., Huston, D.M., Goldrick, P., and Tuxton, P.A., 1989. Gold distribution and genesis in Australian volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and their significance for gold transport models. Economic Geology Monographs, 6(1): 520–535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.06.40.
Lecumberri Sanchez, P., 2013. Spatial and temporal evolution of fluids in hydrothermal ore deposits (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech).
Maanijou, M., Mostaghimi, M., Abdollahy-Riseh, M., Sepahi-Gerow, A.A., 2013. Systematic sulfur stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies on veinlet groups in the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit: based on new data. Economic Geology 4, 217-239. 10.22067/ECONG.V4I2.16492.
McInnes, B.I.A., Evans, N.J., Belousova, E., Griffin, W.T., and Andrew, R.L., 2003. Timing of mineralization and exhumation processes at the Sar Cheshmeh and Meiduk porphyry Cu deposits, Kerman belt, Iran. In: Eliopoulos (Ed.), Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development (7th Biennial SGA Meeting Athens, August 24–28). Millpress, Rotterdam, pp. 1197–1200.
Mohajjel, M., and Fergusson, C.L., 2014. Jurassic to Cenozoic tectonics of the Zagros Orogen in northwestern Iran. International Geology Review, 56:3, 263-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2013.853919.
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C. L., and Sahandi, M. R. 2003. Cretaceous–Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj–Sirjan zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21(4), 397-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00035-4.
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