Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technologies, Kerman, Iran
3 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 Iran Minerals Research and Processing Center, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The Sangan Mining District (SMD) in the north of the Cenozoic magmatic belt of eastern Iran is constituted of predominantly acidic to intermediate volcanic and pyroclastic rocks, intruded by the Eocene granitoids. In the Baghak Fe skarn deposit, these granitoids are composed of
pre-mineralization biotite quartz monzonite, biotite syenite to biotite syenogranite, alkali feldspar quartz syenite to alkali feldspar granite and syn-mineralization quartz alkali syenite and quartz syenite. These I type granitoids have a magnesian metaluminous, calcalkaline, high K alkaline to shoshonitic nature. The granitoids show enrichment of LREE/HREE and LILE/HFSE with negative anomalies of Eu,Sr,Ta,Th and Ti, posetive anomalies of U, K, Ba, and Rb together with high La values and Zr/Nb, Nb/Th, Nb/U, and Nb/La ratios which suggest not only their slab-derived mantle source, but also crustal mixing in evolution of the magma. The Sm/Yb versus La/Sm, Sm/Yb versus Sm and Dy/Yb versus La/Yb show derivation of the primary melt from low partial melting (2-5 %) of a garnet-spinel lherzolite at depth of ~66-68 kilometers of the upper mantle, affected by continental crust melts. According to this research, the tectono-magmatic setting of the granitoids is suggested syn- to post-orogenic magmatic arc.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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Golmohammadi, A., Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., and Mazaheri, S.A., 2015. Alteration mineralization, and radiometric ages of the source pluton at the Sangan iron skarn deposit, northeastern Iran, Ore Geology Reviews, 65(2), 545–563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.07.005.
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Irvine, T.N., and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks, Canadian journal of earth sciences, 85, 523-548, https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055.
Kampunzu, A.B., Tombale, A.R., Zhai, M., Bagai, Z., Majaule, T., and Modisi, M.P., 2003. Major and trace element geochemistry of plutonic rocks from Francistown, NE Botswana: evidence for a Neoarchaean continental active margin in the Zimbabwe craton,Lithos, 71, 431-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00125-7.
Kay, S.M., and Mpodozis, C., 2001. Central Andes ore deposits linked to evolving shallow subduction systems and thickening crust, Geological Society of American, 11, 4-9, doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2001)011<0004:CAODLT>2.0.CO;2.
Kinzler, R.J., 1997. Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition: Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 102(1), 853-874, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00988.
Kolb, M., Von Quadt, A., Peytcheva, I., Heinrich, C.A., Fowler, S.J., and Cvetković, V., 2013. Adakite-like and normal arc magmas: distinct fractionation paths in the east Serbian segment of the Balkan-Carpathian arc, Journal of Petrology, 54, 421-451, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs072.
Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Karimpour, M.H., and Golmohammadi, A., 2013. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and petrology of intrusive rocks in the C-North and Baghak districts, Sangan iron mine, NE Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 64, 256-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.028.
Mazaheri, S.A., 1996. Petrological studies of skarns from Marulan, New South Wales, Australia and Sangan, Khorassan, Iran, University of California, Ph, Dissertation, 318p.
Mazhari, N., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Ghaderi, M., Star Lackey, J., Lang Farmer, G., and Karimpour, M.H., 2017. Geochronological and geochemical characteristics of fractionated I-type granites associated with the skarn mineralization in the Sangan Mining Region, NE Iran, Ore Geology Reviews, 84, 116–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.01.003.
Mehrabi, B., Siani, M.G., Zhang, R., Neubauer, F., Lentz, D.R., Fazel, E.T., and Shahraki, B.K., 2021. Mineralogy, petrochronology, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Dardvay skarn iron deposit, Sangan mining district, NE Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 134, 104146, https://doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104146.
Middlemost, E.A., 1994. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-science reviews, 37(3-4), 215-224.
Nagudi, N., Koberl, C., and Kurat, G., 2003. Petrography and geochemistry of the Sigo granite, Uganda and implications for origin, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 36, 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(03)00014-9.
Özdemir, Y., and Güleç, N., 2014. Geological andGeochemical Evolution of the QuaternarySüphan Stratovolcano, EasternAnatolia,Turkey: Evidence for the Lithosphere- Asthenosphere Interaction in Post-Collisional Volcanism,Journal of Petrology, 55(1), 37–62, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt060.
Pearce, J. A., 1983. Role of the subcontinental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. In: Hawkesworth, C. J., Norry, N. J. (Eds.), Continental Basaltsand Mantle Xenoliths. Shiva, Cheshire, UK, 230-249.
Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.W., and Tindle A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks,Journal of Petrology, 25, 956-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956.
Pearce, J.A., and Parkinson, I.J., 1993. Trace element models for mantle melting: application to volcanic arc petrogenesis. In: Prichard, H.M., Albaster, T., Harris, N.B.W., Neary, C.R. (Eds.), Magmatic Processes in Plate Tectonics, Geological Society of London, 76, 373-403, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.19.
Pearce, J.A., 2008. Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust.Lithos, 100, 14-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.016.
Peccerillo, A., and Taylor, S.R., 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58, 63-81, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745.
Reagan, M.K., and Gill, J.B., 1989. Coexisting calcalkaline and high niobium basalts from Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica: implication for residual titanates in arc magma source.Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 4619-4633, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04619.
Rollinson, H., 1993. Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Singapore. Longman Singapore Publishers Ltd., 1-351, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315845548.
Rudnick, R.L., and Fountain, D.M., 1995. Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective, Reviews of geophysics, 33, 267-309, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG01302.
Rudnick, R.L., and Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L., (Eds.), The crust, treatise in geochemistry, ElsevierPergamon, Oxford, 3, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.
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