نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکترا، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اسلامشهر، تهران، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
چکیده
منشأ کانسارهای اکسید آهن- آپاتیت (IOA) کم Ti و یا به عبارتی کانسارهای آهن نوع کایرونا مدت‌ها مورد بحث بوده و نظرات بسیاری از جمله ماگمایی، گرمابی، ماگمایی- گرمابی، سازند آهن نواری و رسوبی- بروندمی در این باره ارائه شده است. پهنه فلززایی بافق- ساغند در ایران مرکزی میزبان کانسارهای سترگی از این نوع است که حدود 1500 میلیون تن سنگ آهن با عیار میانگین 55 درصد را شامل شده‌اند که می‌توان به کانسارهای چادرملو، چغارت، سه‌چاهون و اسفوردی اشاره کرد. کانی‌زایی آپاتیت در این کانسارها به فراوانی رخ داده است. تبلور آپاتیت در تمرکز عناصری همچون U، Th، Sr، Y و REE مؤثر است. بنابریان مطالعه ژئوشیمی آپاتیت به منظور بررسی منشأ این کانسارها مدنظر قرار گرفت. آپاتیت‌های مورد مطالعه، غنی‌شدگی از Y، Na، Si را نشان می‌دهند و مقدار بسیار ناچیزی از Cl دارند. مجموع عناصر خاکی کمیاب در این آپاتیت‌ها میان 36/0 تا 25/2 % است که غنی‌شدگی از LREE، تفریق شدید میان LREE و HREE و بیهنجاری به شدت منفی Eu(256/0 تا 69/0) را نشان می‌دهند. مقدار Sr و Y در آپاتیت‌ها به ترتیب میان 165 تا 365 ppm و 743 تا 1410 ppm است. از دید محتوای F-OH-Cl آپاتیت‌ها در دامنه هیدروکسیل- فلوروآپاتیت جای دارند. نتایج حاصل با داده‌های دیگر کانسارهای این نوع کانه‌زایی (کایرونا، ال‌لاکو، آباگونگ، آونیک و غیره) مشابه هستند. این آپاتیت‌ها ارتباطی با فعالیت ماگمایی کربناتیتی ندارند و در دامنه کانسارهای نوع کایرونا و سنگ‌های مافیک قرار می‌گیرند. بر پایه اساس ژئوشیمی آپاتیت‌های مورد مطالعه، رویداد کانی‌زایی در ابتدا در ارتباط با نفوذ توده‌های تونالیت- ترونجمیت- گرانودیوریت، دیوریت و گرانیت، مرتبط با فرورانش حاشیه‌ی قاره به سن 525 تا532 میلیون سال پیش بوده است که در واحد آتشفشانی- رسوبی کامبرین (میزبان کانی‌زایی) نفوذ کرده‌اند. سپس، کانی‌زایی در اثر فعالیت‌های گرمابی وابسته به نفوذ توده‌های آلکالن (سینیت و مونزوسینیت) رخ داده است. در نتیجه، کانسارهای اکسید آهن- آپاتیت کم Ti در پهنه بافق- ساغند در ارتباط با فرایند‌های ماگمایی- گرمابی تشکیل شده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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