Document Type : Original Research Paper

Author

Department earth science, zanjan university

References
Abbassi, N., 2007- Shallow marine trace fossils from Upper Devonian sediments of the Kuh-e Zard, Zefreh area, Central Iran. Iranian J. Sci. & Tech. trans. A, 31(A1): 23-33.
Archer, A.W., Maples, C.G., 1984- Trace fossil distribution across a marine-t-nonmarine gradient in the Pennsylvanian of southwestern Iniana, J. Palaeontology, 58(2): 448-466.
Bambach, R.K., 1983- Ecospace utilization and guilds in marine communities through the Phanerozoic. In Tevesz, M. J. S. and McCall, P. L. (eds.) Biotic Intractions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities, Plenum Press. PP719-746.
Bromley, R.G., 1990- Trace Fossils: Biology and Taphonomy. Unwin Hyman, London, 280p.
Buatois,L.A., Mángano,M.G., Genise,J.F. & Taylor,T.N.,1998- The ichnologic record of the continental invertebrate invasion: evolutionary trends in environmental expansion, ecospace utilization, and behavioral complexity. Palaios, 13: 217-240.
Frey, R.W., Curran, H.A. & Pemberton, S.G., 1984- Trace making activities of crabs and their environmental significance: the ichnogenus Psilonichnus, J. Palaeontology, 58(2): 333-350.
Frey, R.W., Pemberton, S.G. & Saunders, T.P.A. , 1990- Ichnofacies and bathymetry: A passive relationship. J.  Paleontology, 64: 155-158.
Frey, R.W., Pemberton, S.G., 1984- Trace fossil facies models. In R. G. Walker (ed.) Facies Models. Geoscience Canada, Reprint Series 1, 189-207.
Fürsich, F.T., Wilmsen, M. & Seyed-Emami, K., 2006- Ichnology of Lower Jurassic beach deposites in the Shemshak Formation at Shahmirzad, southeastern Alborz mountains, Iran. Facies, 52: 599-610.
Häntzschel, W., 1975- Trace fossils and problematica. In Teichert, C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W. Miscellanea, SupplementI. Geological Society of America, Boulder, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. 269.
Keighley, D.G. & Pickerill, R.K., 1994- The Ichnogenus Beaconites and its distinction from Ancorichnus and Taenidium. Palaeontology, 7, 305-337.
Kieghley, D.G. & Pickerill, R.K., 1997- Systematic ichnology of the Mabou and Cumberland groups (Carboniferous) of western CapeBretonIsland, eastern Canada, 1: burrows, pits, trails, and coprolites. Atlantic Geology, 33: 181-215.
Pemberton, S.G., Frey, R.W. & Bromley, R.G., 1988- The ichnotaxonomy of Conostichnus and other plug-shaped ichnofossils. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 25: 866-892.
Pickerill, R.K., 1994- Nomenclature and taxonomy of invertebrate trace fossils. In Donovan, S. K. (ed.) The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils. John Wieley & Sons Pub., PP3-42.