Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Assistant Professor, School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
2 M.Sc., School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
Abstract
Coal deposits in Gheshlagh region are embedded in the sediments of Shemshak formation with lithological units such as sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, limestone and argillite. For investigation of mineralogy and structural characteristics of Gheshlagh coal seams sampled of eleven coal seams in four active mines. Occurrence of minerals with distribution and nature of organic – mineral bonds in coals seams of this region is considered by using of petrographic and XRD and FT-IR analyses. Study of hand specimen and polished section are approved the presence of clay minerals, pyrite, chalcopyrite, siderite and quartz. Also The presence of minerals like kaolinite, quartz, siderite, dolomite, calcite, pyrite, montmorillonite and biotite was revealed by XRD. Mineral–organic bands such as: OH, CO2, CH3, Si-O, S-S, C-S, Al-OH, carbonate minerals, C=C, aromatic and aliphatic CH have been identified by the FT-IR in Gheshlagh coal seams. Raman spectroscopic confirms the presence of the graphitic band (G) (1581 cm−1- 1585 cm−1) and the defect band (D1) (1341 cm−1 – 1352 cm−1) in Gheshlagh coal seams. Graphitic bands contain high intensity and insignificant broadening.
Keywords
Main Subjects
References
Assereto, R., 1966- The Jurassic Shemshak Formation in Central Elburz (Iran), RivistaItaliana di Palenotologiastratigraphia, 74, 3- 21.
Baruah, M. K., Kotoky, P. and Borah, G. C., 2003- Distribution and nature of organic/mineral bound elements in Assam coals, India. Fuel, 82, 1783- 1791.
Belkin, H. E., Tewalt, S. J., Hower, J. C., Stucker, J. D., O'Keefe, J. M. K., Tatu, C. A. and Buia, G., 2010- Petrography and geochemistry of Oligocene bituminous coal from the Jiu Valley, Petroşani basin (southern Carpathian Mountains), Romania. International Journal of Coal Geology, 82 (1- 2), 68- 80.
Beyssac, O., Goffe, B., Petitet, J. P., Froigneux, E., Moreau, M. and Rouzaud, J. N., 2003- On thecharacterization of disorder and heterogeneous carbonaceous materials by Ramanspectroscopy.Spectrochim.Acta, Part A 59, 2267- 2276.
Bragin, Y. N., Golubev, S. A. and Polyanskiy, B. V., 1981- Paleogeographyof major accumulation stages of lower Mesozoic coal deposits in Iran. Lithology and Mineral Resources,NO:16, P:50- 59, Published by Consultants Bureau. New York, NY,United States.
Chabalala, V. P., Wagner, N. and Potgieter-Vermaak, S., 2011- Investigation into the evolution of char structure using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with coal petrography; Part 1, Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 750- 756.
Cooke, N. E., Maynard Fuller, O. and Gaikwad, R. P., 1986- FTIR spectroscopic analysis of coals and coal extracts.Fuel,65, 1254- 1260.
Cuesta, A., Dhamelincourt, P., Laureyns, J., Martinez-Alonso, A. and Tacson, J. M. D., 1998- Comparative performance of X-ray diffraction and Raman microprobe techniquesfor the study of carbon materials. J. Mater Chem., 8, 2875- 2879.
Dai, S., Li, D., Chou, C. L., Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Ren, Y., Ma, Y. and Sun, Y., 2008- Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: new insights from the Haerwusu SurfaceMine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. International Journal of Coal Geology, 74, 185- 202.
Dai, S., Zhou, P., Ren, D., Wang, X., Li, D. and Zhao, L., 2007- Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Late Permian coals from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongging, southwestern China. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences, 50, 678- 688.
Davis, B. H., 2003- Clean fuels from coal: The path to 1972. Prepr.Symp. - Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 48, 1, 141- 143.
Frankie, K. A. and Hower, J., 1985- Pyrite/marcasite size, form and microlithotype association in Western Kentucky prepared coals. Fuel processing Technology, 10, 269- 283.
Fürsich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., Seyed-Emami, K. and Majidifard, M. R., 2009- Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group of northern Iran. In South Caspian to Central Iran basins (eds M.F. Brunet, M. Wilmsen& J.W. Granath). The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 312, 129- 160.
Fürsich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., Seyed-Emami, K., Cecca, F. and Majidifard, M. R., 2005- The Upper Shemshak Formation (Toarcian–Aalenian) of the eastern Alborz: biota and paleoenvironments during a transgressive–regressive cycle. Facies 51, 365- 384.
Georgakopoulos, A., Iordanidis, A. and Kapina, V., 2003- Study of Low Rank Greek Coals Using FTIR Spectroscopy, Energy Sources, 25, 995- 1005.
Goodarzi, F., Sanei, H., Stasiuk, L. D., Bagheri-Sadeghi, H. and Reyes, J., 2006- A preliminary study of mineralogy and geochemistry of four coal samples from northern Iran.International Journal of Coal Geology, 65 (1- 2), 35- 50.
Kortenski, J. and Kostova, I., 1996- Occurrence and morphology of pyritein Bulgarian coals.International Journal of Coal Geology, 29, 273- 290.
Manoj, B. and Kunjomana, A. G., 2012- Structural characterization of selected Indian coals by x-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques.Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 7, 434- 444.
Matteson, A. and Herron, M. M., 1993- Quantitative mineral analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SCA Conference Paper,1- 15.
Mukherjee, S. and Srivastava, S. K., 2006- Minerals Transformations in Northeastern Region Coals of India on Heat Treatm, ent. Energy and Fuels, 20, 1089- 1096.
Painter, P. C., Sobkowiak, M. and Youtcheff, J., 1987- FT-IR study of hydrogen bonding in coal.Fuel, 66 (7), 973- 978.
Potgieter-Vermaak, S., Maledi, N., Wagner, N., Van Heerden, J. H. P., Van Grieken, R. and Potgieter, J. H., 2010- Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of coal: a review. Journalof Raman Spectroscopy, 42, 2, 123- 129.
Qiu, Y., Zhang, Q., Tian, Y., Zhang, J., Cao, J. and Xiao, T., 2011- Composition and Structure Luxing of Coal with Different Particle Sizes, Petroleum and Coal, 53 (1), 45- 55.
Ravisankar,R.,Chandrasekaran, A., Kalaiarsi, S., Eswaran, P., Rajashekhar, C., Vanasundari, K. and Athavale, A., 2011- Mineral analysis in beach rocks of Andaman Island, India by spectroscopic techniques.Archives of Applied Science Research, 3 (3), 77- 84.
Robertson, J., 2002- Diamond-Like amorphous carbon. Mater. Sci. Eng. R: Rep., 37: 129- 281.
Sadezky, A., Muckenhuber, H., Grothe, H., Niessner, R. and Poschl, U., 2005- Raman microspectroscopyof soot and related carbonaceous materials: spectral analysisand structural information. Carbon, 42, 1731- 42.
Saikia, B. K., Boruah, R. K. and Gogoi, P. K., 2007- FT-IR and XRD analysis of coal from Makum coalfield of Assam.Journal of Earth System Science, 116, 575- 579.
Schatzel, S. J. and Stewart, B. W., 2012- A provenance study of mineral matter in coal from Appalachian Basin coal mining regions and implications regarding the respirable health of underground coal workers: A geochemical and Nd isotope investigation. International Journal of Coal Geology, 94, 123- 136.
Schwan, J., Ulrich, S., Batori, V., Ehrhardt, H. and Silva, S. R. P., 1996- Raman spectroscopy onamorphous carbon films.Journal of Applied Physics, 80, 440- 447.
Seyed-Emami, K., 2003- Triassic in Iran.Facies 48, 91- 106.
Seyed-Emami, K., Fürsich, F. T. and Schairer, G., 2001- Lithostratigraphy, ammonite faunas and paleoenvironments of Middle Jurassic strata in North and Central Iran.Newsletters on Stratigraphy 38, 163- 184.
Seyed-Emami, K., Fürsich, F.T., Wilmsen, M., Cecca, F., Majidfard, M.R., Schairer, G. and Shekarifard, A., 2006- Stratigraphy and ammonite fauna of the upper Shemshak Formation (Toarcian–Aalenian) at Tazareh, eastern Alborz, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2, 259- 275.
Seyed-Emami, K., Fürsich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., Schairer, G. and Majidifard, M. R., 2005- Toarcian and Aalenian (Jurassic) ammonites from the Shemshak Group of the Jajarm area (eastern Alborz, Iran). PaläontologischeZeitschrift 79, 349- 369.
Shekarifard, A., Baudin, F., Seyed-Emami, K., Schnyder, J., Laggoun-Défarge, F., Riboulleau, A., Brunet, M. F. and Shahidi, A., 2012- Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group (Alborz Range, Northern Iran) based on organic petrography, geochemistry and basin modelling: implications for source rock evaluation and petroleum exploration, Geological Magazine, 149, 19- 38.
Stach, E., Mackowsky, M. Th., Teichmuller, M., Taylor, G. H., Chandra, D. and Teichmuller, R. (Eds.), 1982- Stach's Textbook of Coal Petrology, GebruderBorntraeger, Berlin-Stuttgart, 535 P.
Tuinstra, F. and Koenig, J. L., 1970- Raman spectrum of graphite.Journal of Chemical Physics, 53, 1126- 1130.
Vollmer, T., 1987- ZurGeologie des nördlichenZentral-Elburz zwischenChalus-und Haraz-Tal, Iran.MitteilungenausdemGeologisch-PaläontologischenInstitut der Universität Hamburg 63, 1- 125.
Wang, W., Qin, Y., Sang, S., Zhu, Y., Wang, C. and Weiss, D. J. 2008- Geochemistry of rare earth elements in a marine influenced coal and its organic solvent extracts from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China.International Journal of Coal Geology 76, 309- 317.
Ward, C. R., 2016- Analysis, origin and significance of mineral matter in coal: An updated review. International Journal of Coal Geology 165, 1- 27.
Xiaojiang, L., Jun-ichiro, H. and Chun-Zhu, L., 2006- FT-Raman spectroscopic study of theevolution of char structure during the pyrolysis of a Victorian brown coal. Fuel,85, 1700- 1707.
Zerda, T. W., John, A. and Chmura, K., 1981- Raman studies of coals. Fuel, 60, 375- 378.
)