Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Editorial Staff

Publication Ethics

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

News

Reviewer in 2021

Publons Link

Regulations for determining the cost of article processing in open access scientific journals

Structural evolution of Zoophycos group trace fossils from the Pabdeh Formation (Paleocene–Oligocene), SE of Ilam province, SW Iran

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D., Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Buali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Buali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

The Pabdeh Formation (Paleocene to Oligocene in age) comprises alternation of marl and limestone with the Purple Shale at the base is well exposed on the flanks of the Kabir-Kuh. Thalassinoides, Rhizocorallium, Planolites, Chondrites, cf. Rosselia, Spirophyton and Zoophycos were found in the limestone beds, among which trace fossils of Zoophycos group (Spirophyton and Zoophycos) are the most abundant. Structural variations of trace fossils of Zoophycos group were utiliized for recognition of five morphotypes including Rhizocorallium-shaped, branched Zoophycos, Spirophyton, short and fan-shaped lobate Zoophycos and long lobate Zoophycos morphotypes. Occurrence of these morphotypes in the studied sections implies an evolutionary trend, i.e. Rhizocorallium-shaped and branched Zoophycos morphotypes are developed in the lower parts of studied sections, whereas Spirophyton morphotype, is arranged in the mid-part of the Pabdeh Formation. Finally, short and fan-shaped lobate and long lobate Zoophycos morphotypes are abundant in the upper part of the formation. Seemingly, these morphotypes variation were adopted with switch of stable and calm water to unstable and relatively high energy environments.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
References
Alavi, M. H., Hajian, J., Amidi, M. and Bolourchi, M. H., 1982- Geology of Takab-Saein-Galeh, 1:250000. Geol.Survey of Iran. Report No. 50: 99p.
Baucon, A. and Avanzini, M., 2008- Zoophycos-like structures associated with dinosaur tracks in a tidal-flat environment: lower Jurassic (Southern Alps, Italy). Studi Trentini di Scienze Natulari Acta Geologica 83, 123- 131. Behbahani et al. 2010.
Behbahani, R., Mohseni, H., Khodabakhsh, S. and Atashmard, Z., 2010- Depositional environment of the Pabdeh Formation (Paleogene) elucidated from trace fossils, Zagros basin, W Iran. The 1 st International Applied Geological Congress, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University - Mashad Branch, Iran, 26- 28 April 2010.
Bromley, R. G. and Hanken, N. M., 2003- Structure and function of large, lobed Zoophycos, Pliocene of Rhodes, Greece. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 192:79- 100.
Bromley, R. G. 1991- Zoophycos: strip mine, refuse dump, cache or sewage farm? Lethaia 24, 460- 462.
Bromley, R. G., 1996- Trace Fossils. Biology, Taphonomy and Application, 361 pp. Chapman and Hall, London.
Colacicchi, R. and Baldanza, A., 1986- Carbonate turbidites in a Mesozoic pelagic basin: Scaglia Formation, Apennines—comparison with siliciclastic depositional models. Sedimentary Geology 48, 81- 105.
Eberli, G. P., 1987- Carbonate turbidite sequences deposited in rift‐basins of the Jurassic Tethys Ocean (eastern Alps, Switzerland). Sedimentology 34, 363- 388.
Ekdale, A. A. and Lewis, D. W., 1991- The New Zealand Zoophycos revisited: morphology, ethology and paleoecology. Ichnos, 1:183- 194.
Hanebuth, T. J. and Henrich, R., 2009- Recurrent decadal-scale dust events over Holocene western Africa and their control on canyon turbidite activity (Mauritania). Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 261- 270.
Häntzschel, W., 1962- Trace fossils and problematica. In: R. C. Moore (Editor), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils andProblematica. Geol. Soc. Am., New York, N.Y., and Univ. Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp.246-249. 177- 245.
Häntzschel, W., 1965- Vestigia Invertebratorum et Problematica; Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia pars 108. W. Junk, 's-Gravenhage, 142 pp.
Häntzschel, W., 1975- Trace fossils and problematica. In Teichert C. (ed.): Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W, Miscellanea, Supplement 1. The Geological Society of America and Kansas University, 1- 269.
James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965- Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Iranian oil consortium agreement area: American AAPG Bulletin. 49, pp. 2182- 2245.
Kotake, N., 1989- Paleoecology of the Zoophycos producers. Lethaia 22: 327- 341.
Kotake, N., 1991- Non-selective surface deposit feeding by the Zoophycos producers. Lethaia 24: 379- 385.
Kotake, N., 1997- Ethological interpretation of the trace fossil Zoophycos in the Hikoroichi Formation (Lower Carboniferous), southern Kitakami Mountains, northeast Japan. Paleontological Research 1, 15± 28.
Massalongo, A., 1855- Zoophycos novum genus plantarum fossilium Antonelli Edizioni, Verona.
McKay, C., Filipsson, H., Romero, O., Stuut, J. B. and Donner, B., 2014- Pelagic–benthic coupling within an upwelling system of the subtropical northeast Atlantic over the last 35 ka BP. Quaternary Science Reviews 106, 299- 315.
Miller III, W. and D'Alberto, L., 2001- Paleoethologic implications of Zoophycos from Late Cretaceous and Paleocene limestones of the Venetian Prealps, northeastern Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166, 237- 247.
Mohseni H., Behbahani R., Khodabakhsh S. and Atashmard, Z., 2011- Depositional environments and trace fossil assemblages in the Pabdeh Formation (Paleogene), Zagros Basin, Iran, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont., Abh., 262 (1), P.59. 77.
Monaco, P., Bracchini, L., Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J., Uchman, A. and Coccioni, R., 2016- Evolutionary trend of Zoophycos morphotypes from Upper Cretaceous–Lower Miocene in the type pelagic sections of Gubbio, central Italy. Lethaia. doi:10.1111/let.12175
Olivero, D. and Gaillard, C., 1996- Paleoecology of Jurassic Zoophycos from south-eastern France. Ichnos 4, 249- 260.
Olivero, D., 2003- Early Jurassic to late Cretaceous evolution of Zoophycos in the French Subalpine Basin (southeastern France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 192, 59- 78.
Olivero, D. and Gaillard, C. 2007- A constructional model for Zoophycos. In: Miller III, W. (ed.) Trace fossils concepts, problems, prospects, Elsevier, pp.466- 477.
Sappenfield, A., Droser, M., Kennedy, M. and McKenzie, R., 2012- The oldest Zoophycos and implications for Early Cambrian deposit feeding. Geol. Mag. 149 (6), 1118- 1123.
Seilacher, A., 1967a- Bathymetry of trace fossils. Mar. Geol., 5: 413- 428.
Seilacher, A., 1967b- Fossil behavior. Scientific American, 217:72- 80.
Seilacher, A., 2007- Trace Fossil Analysis, Springer,Berlin, Germany. 226p.
Uchman, A., 1995- Taxonomy and paleoecology of flysch trace fossils: the Marnoso-arenacea formation and associated facies (Miocene, Northern Apennines, Italy). Beringeria 15, 116.
Wetzel, A. and Werner, F., 1981- Morphology and ecological significance of Zoophycos in deep-sea sediments of NW Africa. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 32, 185- 212.
Wetzel, A., 1984- Bioturbation in deep-sea fine-grained sediments: influence of sediment texture, turbidite frequency and rates of environmental change. In: D.A.V. Stow and D.J.W. Piper (Editors), Fine-Grained Sediments: Deep-Water Processes and Facies. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 15:595- 608.
Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences
Volume 29, Issue 113 - Serial Number 113
Serial Number 113, Volume 29, Autumn 2019
November 2019
Pages 211-220
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics