Petroleum geology
kambiz Mehdizadeh farsad; davood Jahani; alireza hajian; Fereidoun Rezaei
Abstract
Hydraulic fracture is known as one of the effective methods for producing or being caused a change in the physical structure of a reservoir rock. In oil and gas reservoirs which have been fractured by a hydraulic approach, this method causes that a production well and the time of reservoir production ...
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Hydraulic fracture is known as one of the effective methods for producing or being caused a change in the physical structure of a reservoir rock. In oil and gas reservoirs which have been fractured by a hydraulic approach, this method causes that a production well and the time of reservoir production increase. In this research, fracture analysis have been comprised with the outputs produced by previous models. Its results show that the opening intersection produced by hydraulic fracture has been being changed in various time during pumpage, therefore, the fracture should be kept open by propanent substances. In the next stage, the amount of porosity pressure in the trend of the fracture is considered. In this survey, two parameters, i.e. the fracture measure and the change of pore pressure have been obtained using the hydraulic fracture modeled process under the actual condition of pay zone and its confining layers, and by the finite element approach. In this method, pumping processing has been assigned for fluid and propanent. At the end, by making a comparison between these result and the results obtained from previous studies, it can be found out that this approach is applicable and efficient.
Sedimentology
D. Jahani
Abstract
To study intraformational flat pebble conglomerates of the lower member of the Elika Formation (Lower Triassic), four stratigraphic sections in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran were selected. The thickness of the lower member of the Elika Formation in these sections ranges from 95 meters in the ...
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To study intraformational flat pebble conglomerates of the lower member of the Elika Formation (Lower Triassic), four stratigraphic sections in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran were selected. The thickness of the lower member of the Elika Formation in these sections ranges from 95 meters in the type section to 195 meters in the Veresk section. This member mainly consists of heavily bioturbated thin to thick-bedded limestone and shale intercalations which deposited under fair-weather and storm conditions. The intraformational flat pebble conglomerates are the most important of the storm facies. These conglomerates have sharp or erosional bases and interbedded with the fair-weather facies. These facies rang from a few centimeters to 100 cm thicknesses, and mainly consist of gravel- size intraclasts. The intraclasts are horizontal to sub- horizontal in the thinner beds, but they are imbricated, sometimes opposing orientations in the thicker beds. Their textures are mainly rudstone and sometimes floatstone. Field and microscopic studies indicate that the intraformational flat pebble conglomerates were deposited by powerful storm generated flows in open marine, shoal, lagoon and tidal flat/ beach ridge sub-environments related to carbonate homoclinal ramp platforms.
