Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Assistant professor, Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology,, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
Paleoecology of the Qom Formation ostracods in the Bojan and Varkan sections have been studied. The age of the sections has determined base on foraminifera and is Rupelian-chattian for the Bujan and Chattian for the Varkan Section. Ostracoda content of the Bujan and Varkan sections include 44 and 33 species respectively. The pecies of genus Cytheridea are the most abundant and the most dominant ostracods of the Bujan section. In the lower part of the Bujan section, different species of Cytherella and Cytheridea constitute the dominant ostracods, but upward the abundance of Cytherella is declined and Cytheridea, Neonesidea, and Bairdia are dominant. Podocopids constitute 76% and 86% of the Bujan section ostracods during Rupelin and Chattian, respectively. Neonesidea elegans, Bythocypris pseudoreniformis, Paracypris pandyai, Paracypris sapperi and Paracypris naalunensis constitute the dominant ostracods of the Varkan Section. Podocopid ostracods are dominant in the Varkan marls and constitute 77% of the ostracods. The high percentage of podocopid ostracods indicates that the environment was oxygen-rich and without the ecological stresses in both section; while in the Varkan Section, the ecological conditions are stable but in the Bujan section, the oxygen enriches upward and ecological conditions become closer to normal marin basins.
Keywords
Main Subjects
References
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Becker, G., 2005- Functional morphology of Palaeozoic ostracods: phylogenetic implications. Hydrobiologia, 538(1-3), 23-53. DOI:10.1007/s10750-004-4921-0.
Bergue, C. T. and Nicolaidis, D. D., 2012- The Paleocene-Oligocene ostracodes from DSDP Site 329 (Falkland Plateau): taxonomy and paleozoogeographical remarks. Paleontological Research, v. 16(1), p. 47-58. DOI:10.2517/1342-8144-16.1.047.
Bergue, C. T., Nicolaidis, D. D. and Andrade, K. N., 2013- The Lower Eocene–Lower Oligocene ostracodes from DSDP site 515B, Brazil Basin, southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 16(1), 27-38. DOI:10.4072/rbp.2013.1.02.
Bonaduce, G. and Barra, D., 2002- The ostracods in the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Langhian-Early Serravallian section of Ras il-Pellegrin (Malta). Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 108(2): 81-103. DOI:10.13130/2039-4942/5471.
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Mohammadi, E., 2021- Sedimentary facies and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Oligocene larger-benthic-foraminifera-dominated Qom Formation in the northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway. Palaeoworld 30, 356–372 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2020.06.005.
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Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, Safari, A. and Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., 2019- Microfacies and depositional environments of the Qom Formation in Barzok area, SW Kashan, Iran. Carbonates Evaporites 34:1293–1306. DOI:10.1007/s13146-017-0415-9.
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Tesakova, E. M., 2010- New data on late Santonian and early Maastrichtian ostracodes of the SaratovRegion. Paleontological Journal, 44(2):168-179. DOI:10.1134/S0031030110020085.
Van Buchem, F., Allan, T., Laursen, G., Lotfpour, M., Moallemi, A., Monibi, S., Motiei, H., Pickard, N., Tahmasbi, A. and Vedrenne, V., 2010- Regional stratigraphic architecture and reservoir types of the Oligo-Miocene deposits in the dezful Embayment (Asmari and Pabdeh Formations) SW Iran. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 329:219–263. DOI:10.1144/SP329.10.
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Aiello, G., Barattolo, F., Barra, D., Fiorito, G., Mazzarella, A., Raia, P. and Viola, R., 2007- Fractal analysis of ostracod shell variability: A comparison with geometric and classic morphometrics. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 52(3).
Alexander, C. I., 1932- Sexual dimorphism in fossil Ostracoda. American Midland Naturalist, 13(5), 302-311. DOI: 10.2307/2420175.
Almeida, C. M. D., 2011- Taxonomia, distribuição estratigráfica e paleoecologia de ostracodes do Cretáceo Superior, Coniaciano, ao Mioceno da Bacia de Santos, Margem Continental Sul do Brasil.
Ayress, M. A., De Deckker, P. and Coles, G. P., 2004- A taxonomic and distributional survey of marine benthonic Ostracoda off Kerguelen and Heard Islands, South Indian Ocean. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 23(1), 15-38. DOI:10.1144/jm.23.1.15.
Becker, G., 2005- Functional morphology of Palaeozoic ostracods: phylogenetic implications. Hydrobiologia, 538(1-3), 23-53. DOI:10.1007/s10750-004-4921-0.
Bergue, C. T. and Nicolaidis, D. D., 2012- The Paleocene-Oligocene ostracodes from DSDP Site 329 (Falkland Plateau): taxonomy and paleozoogeographical remarks. Paleontological Research, v. 16(1), p. 47-58. DOI:10.2517/1342-8144-16.1.047.
Bergue, C. T., Nicolaidis, D. D. and Andrade, K. N., 2013- The Lower Eocene–Lower Oligocene ostracodes from DSDP site 515B, Brazil Basin, southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 16(1), 27-38. DOI:10.4072/rbp.2013.1.02.
Bonaduce, G. and Barra, D., 2002- The ostracods in the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Langhian-Early Serravallian section of Ras il-Pellegrin (Malta). Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 108(2): 81-103. DOI:10.13130/2039-4942/5471.
Boomer, I. and Whatley, R., 1992- Ostracoda and dysaerobia in the Lower Jurassic of Wales: the reconstruction of past oxygen levels. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 99(3-4): 373-379. DOI:10.1016/0031-0182(92)90024-Y.
Brandão, S. N., Yasuhara, M., Irizuki, T. and Horne, D. J., 2013- The ostracod genus Trachyleberis (Crustacea; Ostracoda) and its type species. Marine Biodiversity, 43(4), 363-405. DOI:10.1007/s12526-013-0163-6.
Casier, J. G., Lethiers, F. and Claeys, P., 1996- Ostracod evidence for an abrupt mass extinction at the Frasnian Famennian boundary
(Devils Gate, Nevada, USA). Comptes Rendus de l Academie des Sciences Serie ii Fascicule a-sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, 322(5), 415-422.
Dall’Antonia, B., 2003a- Deep-sea ostracods as indicators of palaeoceanographic changes: a case history from the middle–late Miocene of southern Italy (Central Mediterranean). Terra Nova, 15: 52-60. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2003.00464.x.
Dall’Antonia, B., 2003b- Miocene ostracods from the Tremiti Islands and Hyblean Plateau: biostratigraphy and description of new and poorly known species. Geobios, 36: 27-53. DOI:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00105-5.
De Deckker, P., 2002- Ostracod palaeoecology. GMS, 131, 121-134. DOI: 10.1029/131GM06.
Elewa, A. M., 2004- Quantitative analysis and palaeoecology of Eocene Ostracoda and benthonic foraminifera from Gebel Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 211(3): 309-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.06.006 .
Friedrich, H., 1965- Meeresbiologie. Borntraeger, Berlin, 435pp.
Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. and Piller, W. E., 2013- Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimões Formation (late Miocene; western Amazonia/Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216-241. DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2012.10.002.
Hassani, M. J. and Hosseinipour, F., 2018- Quantitative analysis, basin evolution and paleoecology of Early Miocene ostracods in the southwest of Kerman, Iran. Geopersia, 8 (2): 213-232. DOI:10.22059/GEOPE.2018.224602.648295.
Iwatani, H., Murai, K., Irizuki, T. and Yasuhara, M., 2014- A paleobathymetric transition during the mid-Pliocene warm period: Ostracode evidence from Japan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 399, 173-186. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.034.
Kondo, H., Toyofuku, T. and Ikeya, N., 2005- Mg/Ca ratios in the shells of cultured specimens and natural populations of the marine ostracode Xestoleberis hanaii (Crustacea). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 225:3-13. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.05.026
Laursen, G., Monibi, S., Allan, T., Pickard, N., Hosseiney, A., Vincent, B., Hamon, Y., Van–Buchem, F., Moallemi, A. and Druillion, G., 2009- The Asmari Formation revisited: changed stratigraphic allocation and new biozonation: In: First International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition, Shiraz, Iran. DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.20145919.
McKenzie, K. G., Majoran, S., Emami, V. and Reyment, R. A., 1989- The KRITHE problem—first test of peypouquet’s hypothesis, with a redescription of KRITHE PRAETEXTA PRAETEXTA (crustacea, ostracoda). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 74(3-4):343-354. DOI: 10.1016/0031-0182(89)90069-2.
Matzke-Karasz, R., Martens, K. and Schudack, M. (Eds.)., 2007- Ostracodology-Linking Bio-and Geosciences: Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Ostracoda, Berlin, 2005 (Vol. 197). Springer Science & Business Media. DOI:10.1007/s10750-007-0719-1.
Mohammadi, E., 2020a- Sedimentary facies and depositional environments of the Oligocene–early Miocene marine Qom Formation, Central Iran Back‑Arc Basin, Iran (northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway). Carbonates and Evaporites, DOI:10.1007/s13146-020-00553-0.
Mohammadi, E., 2021- Sedimentary facies and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Oligocene larger-benthic-foraminifera-dominated Qom Formation in the northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway. Palaeoworld 30, 356–372 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2020.06.005.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, M., Ghaedi, M., Dehghan, R., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Baizidi, C., Vaziri, M. R. and Sfidari, E., 2013- The Tethyan Seaway Iranian Plate Oligo-Miocene deposits (the Qom Formation): distribution of Rupelian (Early Oligocene) and evaporate deposits as evidences for timing and trending of opening and closure of the Tethyan Seaway. Carbonates and Evaporites, 28:321-345. DOI:10.1007/s13146-012-0120-7.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, Safari, A. and Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., 2019- Microfacies and depositional environments of the Qom Formation in Barzok area, SW Kashan, Iran. Carbonates Evaporites 34:1293–1306. DOI:10.1007/s13146-017-0415-9.
Mohammadi, E., Vaziri, M. R. and Dastanpour, M., 2015- Biostratigraphy of the Nummulitids and Lepidocyclinids bearing Qom Formation based on Larger Benthic Foraminifera (Sanandaj–Sirjan fore-arc basin and Central Iran back-arc basin, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8:403-423. DOI:10.1007/s12517-013-1136-6.
Ozawa, H. and Kamiya, T., 2001- Palaeoceanographic recordes related to glacio-eustatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene Japan Sea coast based on ostracods from the Omman Formation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 170:27-48. DOI:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00225-5.
Reuter, M., Piller, W. E., Harzhauser, M., Mandic, O., Berning, B., Rogl, F., Kroh, A., Aubry, M. P., Wielandt-Schuster, U. and Hamedani, A., 2009- The Oligo-/Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 98:627–650. DOI:10.1007/s00531-007-0269-9.
Sartori, L. and Coimbra, J. C., 2010- A new Holocene neritic species of Australoecia Mckenzie (Ostracoda, Pontocyprididae) from the Brazilian shelf. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 13:115-122. DOI: 10.4072/rbp.2010.2.04.
Sato, T. and Kamiya, T., 2006. Taxonomy and geographical distribution of recent Xestoleberis species (Cytheroidea,ostracoda, crustacea) from Japan. Paleontological Research, 11:183-227. DOI:10.2517/1342-8144(2007)11[183:TAGDOR]2.0.CO;2.
Schuster, F. and Wielandt, U., 1999- Oligocene and Early Miocene coral faunas from Iran: palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 88:571–581. DOI:10.1007/s005310050285.
Szczechura, J. and Abd-Elshafy, E., 1988- Ostracods and Foraminifera from the Middle Miocene of the western coast of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 33(4):273-344.
Tanaka, G. and Nomura, S. I., 2009- Late Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda from the Shimajiri Group, Kume-jima Island, Japan: Biogeographical significance of the timing of the formation of back-arc basin (Okinawa Trough). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 276(1):56-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.023.
Tesakova, E. M., 2010- New data on late Santonian and early Maastrichtian ostracodes of the SaratovRegion. Paleontological Journal, 44(2):168-179. DOI:10.1134/S0031030110020085.
Van Buchem, F., Allan, T., Laursen, G., Lotfpour, M., Moallemi, A., Monibi, S., Motiei, H., Pickard, N., Tahmasbi, A. and Vedrenne, V., 2010- Regional stratigraphic architecture and reservoir types of the Oligo-Miocene deposits in the dezful Embayment (Asmari and Pabdeh Formations) SW Iran. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 329:219–263. DOI:10.1144/SP329.10.
Van den Bold, W. A., 1970- The Genus Costa (Ostracoda) in the Upper Cenozoic of the Caribbean Region. Micropaleontology, 16:61-75. DOI: 10.2307/1484848.
Whatley, R. and Maybury, C., 1990- Ostracoda and global events. Chapman and Hall, London, 621 pp.
Watley, R. 1991- The platycopid signal: a means of detecting anoxic events using ostracoda. Micropaleontology, 10: 181-185.
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