Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 M.Sc. Faculty of Sciences, University of Urumieh, Urumieh, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Sciences, University of Urumieh, Urumieh, Iran
3 Ph.D., University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
4 M.Sc., Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
In the present study, In order to study of the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Qom Formation in north of Khoy city, West Azarbayjan province (Sanandaj-Sirjan fore-arc basin), stratigraphic section of Sagatlu was selected and sampled. Thickness of Sagatlu section 216 meters was measured. Lithology of this section contain shale, siltstone, conglomerate and sandstone. The lower boundary of these deposits is alluvium, and its upper boundary is hard limestone deposits of Qom Formation. Study of the planktonic foraminifera communities found in the mentioned section to identify 16 genera and 37 species of planktonic foraminifers. In this research, 4 biozone are included, Subbotina linaperta assemblage Zone, Paragloborotalia opima Highest-occurrence Zone, Ciperoella ciperoensis Partial-Range Zone, Globigerinoides italicus assemblage Zone were identified as being age equivalent to Priabonian-Burdigalian and comparable to world standard biozones..
Keywords
Main Subjects
Abbasi, N., Domning, M. P., Navidi izad. N. and Shakeri, S., 2016- Sirenia fossils from Qom formation (Burdigalian) of the Kabudar Ahang area, Northwest Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia, vol. 122(1): 13-24.
Amirshahkarami, M. and Karavan, M., 2015- Microfacies models and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Oligocene-Miocene Qom Formation, south of Qom city, Iran. Geoscience Frontiers, Vol 6.p.593-604.
Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher III, C. C. and Aubry, M. P., 1995- A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. Special Publications of SEPM.
Berggren, W. A. and Pearson, P. N., 2005- A revised tropical to subtropical Paleogene planktonic foraminifera zonation.The Journal of Foraminiferal Research, vol 35,p:279-298.
Berggren, A., Olsson, R., Huber, H., Hemleben, C., Wade, B., Coxall, H., Pearson, P., Premoli, Silva, I., Spezzaferri, S., Premec Fucek, V., Kucenjak, M., Leckire, M. and Smart, W., 2018- Atlas of Oligocene and Early Miocene Planktonic Foraminifera, Cushman Foundation Special Publication, No. 46 p.1-524.
Bolli, H. M. and Saunders, J. B., 1985- Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktonic foraminifera, Plankton stratigraphy, pp.155-262.
BouDagher-Fadel, M. K., 2015- Biostratigraphic and geological significance of planktonic foraminifera, London. U.K.
Coxall, H. K. and Silvia Spezzaferri, S., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene CATAPSYDRAX, GLOBOROTALOIDES, and PROTENTELLOIDES, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 79-124.
Dabaghi Sadr, F., 2018- Evolution of the Tethyan seaway during the Oligocene and Miocene: constrains from Foraminiferal faunas of the Qom Formation, Iran.18-90371.
Dabaghi Sadr, F. and Schmiedl, G., 2017- Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Oligocene-Miocene the Tethyan Seaway, Qom Formation, Central Iran. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
Daneshian, J. and Ghanbari, M., 2017- Stratigraphy distribution of planktonic foraminifera from the Qom Formation: A case study from the Zanjan area (NW Central Iran).
Daneshian, J. and Ramazani, Dana, L., 2017- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene Qom Formation. Northwest of the Qom, Central Iran. Frontiers of Earth Science.
Fucek, V. P., Kucenjak, M. H. and Huber, B. T., 2018 - Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Chiloguembelinaand Jekinsina, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 459-480.
Hadavi, F., Moghaddam, M. N. and Mousazadeh, H., 2010- Burdigalian–Serravalian calcareous nanoplanktons from Qom Formation, north-center Iran, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 3(2), pp.133-139.
Hamad, M. M., El Gammal, R. and Nouradini, M., 2015- Coralline Red Algae From The Early Miocene Qom Formation, Bagh Section, Northern Isfahan, Iran, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(33), pp.467-480.
Hamon, N., Sepulcher, P. and Ramstein, G., 2013- The role of eastern Tethys seaway closure in the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (ca. 14 Ma). DOI: 10.5194/cpd-9-2115-2013.
Harzhauser, M., Kroh. A., Mandic, O., Piller, W., Gohlich, U., Reuter, M. and Berning, B., 2007- Biogeographic responses to geodynamics: a key study all around the Oligo-Miocene Tethyan Seaway. Zoologischer Anzeiger 246 (2007) 241–256.
Heydari, E., Hassanzadeh, J., Wade, W. J. and Ghazi, A. M., 2003- Permian-Triassic boundry interval in the Abadeh section of Iran with implications for mass extinction: Part1 - Sedimentology. Elsevier Science 193(3-4) pp.405-423.
Huber, B. T., Olsson, R. K. and Pearson, P. N., 2006- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene microperforate planktonic foraminifera (JENKINSINA, CASSIGERINELLOITA, CHILOGUEMBELINA, STREPTOCHILUS, ZEAUVIGERINA, TENUITELLA, and CASSIGERINELLA) and problematica (DIPSIDRIPELLA), Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 41 P. 461-508.
Iaccarino, S., Premoli, Silva, I., Biolzi, M., Foresi, L., Lirer, F. and Petrizzo, M., 2005- Practical manual of Oligocene to Middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera. International School on Planktonic Foraminifera.
Kennett, J. P. and Srinivasan, M. S., 1983- Neogene planktonic foraminifera, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, 265pp.
Khaksar, K. and Maghfouri Moghadam, I., 2007- Paleontological study of the Echinoderms in the Qom Formation (Central Iran). Earth Science Recearch Journal. Vol 11, No.1: 57-79.
Leckie, R. M., Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Fraass, A. J., King, D. J., Olsson, R. K., Premoli Silva, I., Spezzaferri, S., andBerggren, W. A., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and early Miocene PARAGLOBOROTALIA and PARASUBBOTINA ,Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 125-178.
Mohammadi, E., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghadam, H., Vaziri, M. R., and Ghaedi, M., 2011- Microfacies analysis and paleoenviornmental interpretation of the Qom Formation, South of the Kashan, Central Iran. Carbonates Evaporites (2011) 26:255–271.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-dasgerdi, M., Ghaedi, M., Dehghan, R., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghadam, H., Baizidi, Ch., Vaziri, M. R. and
Sfidari, E., 2013- The Tethyan Seaway Iranian Plate Oligo-Miocene deposits (the Qom Formation): distribution of Rupelian (Early Oligocene) and evaporate deposits as evidences for timing and trending of opening and closure of the Tethyan Seaway. Carbonates Evaporites (2013) 28:321–345.
Mohammadi, E., Vaziri, M. R. and Dastanpour, M., 2013b- Biostratigraphy of the Nummulitids and Lepidocyclinids bearing Qom Formation based on Larger Benthic Foraminifera (Sanandaj– Sirjan fore-arc basin and Central Iran back-arc basin, Iran): Arabian Journal of Geosciences, DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-1136-6.
Mohammadi, E. and Ameri, H., 2015- Biotic components and biostratigraphy of the Qom Formation in northern Abadeh, Sanandaj –Sirjan fore-arc basin, Iran (northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway). Arab Journal Geoscience (2015) 8:10789–10802.
Mohammadi, E., Vaziri, M. R. and Dastanpour, M., 2015- Biostratigraphy of the nummulitids and lepidocyclinids bearing Qom Formation based on larger benthic foraminifera (Sanandaj–Sirjan fore-arc basin and Central Iran back-arc basin, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, 403-423.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, M., Safari, A. and Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., 2018- Microfacies and depositional environments of the Qom Formation in Barzok area, SW Kashan, Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites. 30. 189-228.
Morley, C. K., Kongwung, B., Julapour, A. A., Abdolghafourian, M., Hajian, M., Waples, D., Warren, J., Otterdoom, H., Srisuriyon, K. and Kazemi, H., 2009- Structural development of a major late Cenozoic basin and transpressional belt in central Iran: The Central Basin in the Qom-Savhe area. Geological Society of America. Vol 5. P: 325-362.
Nouradini. M., Yazdi. M., Ashouri. A.,2014, Systematic notes on Burdigalian Echinoids from the Qom Formation in the Bagher Abad area, Central Iran.Geopersia 4(2), 2014, PP. 155-167.
Nouradini, M., Azami, S. H., Hamad, M., Yazdi, M. and Ashouri, A. R., 2015- Foraminiferal paleoecology and paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the lower Miocene deposits of the Qom Formation in Northeastern Isfahan, Central Iran. Boletín de la Sociedad GeolóGica Mexicana. VoluMen 67, núM. 1, 2015, p. 59-73.
Nouradini, M., Ashouri, A. R., Yazdi, M. and Rahiminejad, A. H., 2017- Palaeoecology and distribution of upper Oligocene–lower Miocene foraminifera in the Qom Formation, the Bagher-Abad section, NE Isfahan, Central Iran. Vol 4. P. 287-324.
Olsson, R., Hemleben, C., Coxall, H. and Wade, B. S., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene CIPEROELLA N. GEN, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 215-230.
Pearson, P., Olsson, R., Huber, H., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. and Coxall, H., 2006- Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera, Cushman Foundation Special Publication, No. 41 p. 1-508.
Pearson, P., Wade, B. S. and Huber, B. T., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Globigerinitidae (DIPSIDRIPELLA, GLOBIGERINITA, AND TENUITELLA), Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 429-458.
Reuter, M. W. E., Piller, M., Harzhauser, O., Mandic, B., Berning, F., Rogl, A., Kroh, M. P., Aubry, U., Wielandt-Schuster, and Hamedani, A., 2009- The Oligo-Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 98, p. 627-650.
Spezzaferri, S., 1994- Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and taxonomy of the Oligocene and lower Miocene in the oceanic record, An overview, Pacini Editore, An overview: Palaeontographia Italica Raccolta di Monografia paleologiche,v. 81, 188pp.
Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K. and Hemleben, C., 2018a- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene to lower miocene GLOBIGERINOIDES and TRILOBATUS, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 269-306.
Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Wade, B.S., Coxall, H. K., 2018b- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and lower Miocene GLOBOTURBOROTALITA, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 231-268.
Spezzaferri, S., Coxall, H., Olsson, R. K. and Hemleben, C., 2018c- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene GLOBIGERINA, GLOBIGERINELLA, and QUILTYELLA N. GEN, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 179-214.
Wade, B.S., Pearson, P.N., Berggren, W.A. and Pälike, H., 2011- Review and revision of Cenosoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth Science Review, 104, 111-142.
Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Fraass, A. J., Leckie, R. M., and Hemleben, C., 2018a-Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and lower Miocene DENTOGLOBIGERINA and GLOBOQUADRINA, Cushman Foundation Special Publication
No. 46 p. 331-384.
Wade, B. S., Olsson, R. K., Pearson, P. N., Edgar, K. M. and Premoli Silva, I., 2018b- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene SUBBOTINA, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 307-330.
Yazdi-Moghadam, M., Sadeghi, A., Adabi, M. H. and Tahmasbi, A., 2018- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the lower Miocene Hamzian and Arashtanab sections (NW Iran), northern margin of the Tethyan Seaway. Geobios No. 34 p. 238-253.
Zágoršek, K., Yazdi, M. and Bahrami, A., 2017- Cenozoic cyclostomatous bryozoans from the Qom Formation Chahriseh area northeast of Isfahan central Iran. 102, 356-378.
Zepeda, M. A., 1998- Planktonic Foraminiferal diversity, equitability and biostratigraohy of the appermost Campanian-Maastrichtian; ODP Leg 122, Hole 762, Exmouth Plateau, NW Australia, Eastern Indian Ocean. Cretaceous Research, 19:117-152.
Amirshahkarami, M. and Karavan, M., 2015- Microfacies models and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Oligocene-Miocene Qom Formation, south of Qom city, Iran. Geoscience Frontiers, Vol 6.p.593-604.
Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher III, C. C. and Aubry, M. P., 1995- A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. Special Publications of SEPM.
Berggren, W. A. and Pearson, P. N., 2005- A revised tropical to subtropical Paleogene planktonic foraminifera zonation.The Journal of Foraminiferal Research, vol 35,p:279-298.
Berggren, A., Olsson, R., Huber, H., Hemleben, C., Wade, B., Coxall, H., Pearson, P., Premoli, Silva, I., Spezzaferri, S., Premec Fucek, V., Kucenjak, M., Leckire, M. and Smart, W., 2018- Atlas of Oligocene and Early Miocene Planktonic Foraminifera, Cushman Foundation Special Publication, No. 46 p.1-524.
Bolli, H. M. and Saunders, J. B., 1985- Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktonic foraminifera, Plankton stratigraphy, pp.155-262.
BouDagher-Fadel, M. K., 2015- Biostratigraphic and geological significance of planktonic foraminifera, London. U.K.
Coxall, H. K. and Silvia Spezzaferri, S., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene CATAPSYDRAX, GLOBOROTALOIDES, and PROTENTELLOIDES, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 79-124.
Dabaghi Sadr, F., 2018- Evolution of the Tethyan seaway during the Oligocene and Miocene: constrains from Foraminiferal faunas of the Qom Formation, Iran.18-90371.
Dabaghi Sadr, F. and Schmiedl, G., 2017- Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Oligocene-Miocene the Tethyan Seaway, Qom Formation, Central Iran. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
Daneshian, J. and Ghanbari, M., 2017- Stratigraphy distribution of planktonic foraminifera from the Qom Formation: A case study from the Zanjan area (NW Central Iran).
Daneshian, J. and Ramazani, Dana, L., 2017- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene Qom Formation. Northwest of the Qom, Central Iran. Frontiers of Earth Science.
Fucek, V. P., Kucenjak, M. H. and Huber, B. T., 2018 - Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Chiloguembelinaand Jekinsina, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 459-480.
Hadavi, F., Moghaddam, M. N. and Mousazadeh, H., 2010- Burdigalian–Serravalian calcareous nanoplanktons from Qom Formation, north-center Iran, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 3(2), pp.133-139.
Hamad, M. M., El Gammal, R. and Nouradini, M., 2015- Coralline Red Algae From The Early Miocene Qom Formation, Bagh Section, Northern Isfahan, Iran, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(33), pp.467-480.
Hamon, N., Sepulcher, P. and Ramstein, G., 2013- The role of eastern Tethys seaway closure in the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (ca. 14 Ma). DOI: 10.5194/cpd-9-2115-2013.
Harzhauser, M., Kroh. A., Mandic, O., Piller, W., Gohlich, U., Reuter, M. and Berning, B., 2007- Biogeographic responses to geodynamics: a key study all around the Oligo-Miocene Tethyan Seaway. Zoologischer Anzeiger 246 (2007) 241–256.
Heydari, E., Hassanzadeh, J., Wade, W. J. and Ghazi, A. M., 2003- Permian-Triassic boundry interval in the Abadeh section of Iran with implications for mass extinction: Part1 - Sedimentology. Elsevier Science 193(3-4) pp.405-423.
Huber, B. T., Olsson, R. K. and Pearson, P. N., 2006- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Eocene microperforate planktonic foraminifera (JENKINSINA, CASSIGERINELLOITA, CHILOGUEMBELINA, STREPTOCHILUS, ZEAUVIGERINA, TENUITELLA, and CASSIGERINELLA) and problematica (DIPSIDRIPELLA), Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 41 P. 461-508.
Iaccarino, S., Premoli, Silva, I., Biolzi, M., Foresi, L., Lirer, F. and Petrizzo, M., 2005- Practical manual of Oligocene to Middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera. International School on Planktonic Foraminifera.
Kennett, J. P. and Srinivasan, M. S., 1983- Neogene planktonic foraminifera, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, 265pp.
Khaksar, K. and Maghfouri Moghadam, I., 2007- Paleontological study of the Echinoderms in the Qom Formation (Central Iran). Earth Science Recearch Journal. Vol 11, No.1: 57-79.
Leckie, R. M., Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Fraass, A. J., King, D. J., Olsson, R. K., Premoli Silva, I., Spezzaferri, S., andBerggren, W. A., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and early Miocene PARAGLOBOROTALIA and PARASUBBOTINA ,Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 125-178.
Mohammadi, E., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghadam, H., Vaziri, M. R., and Ghaedi, M., 2011- Microfacies analysis and paleoenviornmental interpretation of the Qom Formation, South of the Kashan, Central Iran. Carbonates Evaporites (2011) 26:255–271.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-dasgerdi, M., Ghaedi, M., Dehghan, R., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghadam, H., Baizidi, Ch., Vaziri, M. R. and
Sfidari, E., 2013- The Tethyan Seaway Iranian Plate Oligo-Miocene deposits (the Qom Formation): distribution of Rupelian (Early Oligocene) and evaporate deposits as evidences for timing and trending of opening and closure of the Tethyan Seaway. Carbonates Evaporites (2013) 28:321–345.
Mohammadi, E., Vaziri, M. R. and Dastanpour, M., 2013b- Biostratigraphy of the Nummulitids and Lepidocyclinids bearing Qom Formation based on Larger Benthic Foraminifera (Sanandaj– Sirjan fore-arc basin and Central Iran back-arc basin, Iran): Arabian Journal of Geosciences, DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-1136-6.
Mohammadi, E. and Ameri, H., 2015- Biotic components and biostratigraphy of the Qom Formation in northern Abadeh, Sanandaj –Sirjan fore-arc basin, Iran (northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway). Arab Journal Geoscience (2015) 8:10789–10802.
Mohammadi, E., Vaziri, M. R. and Dastanpour, M., 2015- Biostratigraphy of the nummulitids and lepidocyclinids bearing Qom Formation based on larger benthic foraminifera (Sanandaj–Sirjan fore-arc basin and Central Iran back-arc basin, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, 403-423.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, M., Safari, A. and Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., 2018- Microfacies and depositional environments of the Qom Formation in Barzok area, SW Kashan, Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites. 30. 189-228.
Morley, C. K., Kongwung, B., Julapour, A. A., Abdolghafourian, M., Hajian, M., Waples, D., Warren, J., Otterdoom, H., Srisuriyon, K. and Kazemi, H., 2009- Structural development of a major late Cenozoic basin and transpressional belt in central Iran: The Central Basin in the Qom-Savhe area. Geological Society of America. Vol 5. P: 325-362.
Nouradini. M., Yazdi. M., Ashouri. A.,2014, Systematic notes on Burdigalian Echinoids from the Qom Formation in the Bagher Abad area, Central Iran.Geopersia 4(2), 2014, PP. 155-167.
Nouradini, M., Azami, S. H., Hamad, M., Yazdi, M. and Ashouri, A. R., 2015- Foraminiferal paleoecology and paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the lower Miocene deposits of the Qom Formation in Northeastern Isfahan, Central Iran. Boletín de la Sociedad GeolóGica Mexicana. VoluMen 67, núM. 1, 2015, p. 59-73.
Nouradini, M., Ashouri, A. R., Yazdi, M. and Rahiminejad, A. H., 2017- Palaeoecology and distribution of upper Oligocene–lower Miocene foraminifera in the Qom Formation, the Bagher-Abad section, NE Isfahan, Central Iran. Vol 4. P. 287-324.
Olsson, R., Hemleben, C., Coxall, H. and Wade, B. S., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene CIPEROELLA N. GEN, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 215-230.
Pearson, P., Olsson, R., Huber, H., Hemleben, C., Berggren, W. and Coxall, H., 2006- Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera, Cushman Foundation Special Publication, No. 41 p. 1-508.
Pearson, P., Wade, B. S. and Huber, B. T., 2018- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Globigerinitidae (DIPSIDRIPELLA, GLOBIGERINITA, AND TENUITELLA), Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 429-458.
Reuter, M. W. E., Piller, M., Harzhauser, O., Mandic, B., Berning, F., Rogl, A., Kroh, M. P., Aubry, U., Wielandt-Schuster, and Hamedani, A., 2009- The Oligo-Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 98, p. 627-650.
Spezzaferri, S., 1994- Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and taxonomy of the Oligocene and lower Miocene in the oceanic record, An overview, Pacini Editore, An overview: Palaeontographia Italica Raccolta di Monografia paleologiche,v. 81, 188pp.
Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K. and Hemleben, C., 2018a- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene to lower miocene GLOBIGERINOIDES and TRILOBATUS, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 269-306.
Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K., Hemleben, C., Wade, B.S., Coxall, H. K., 2018b- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and lower Miocene GLOBOTURBOROTALITA, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 231-268.
Spezzaferri, S., Coxall, H., Olsson, R. K. and Hemleben, C., 2018c- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene GLOBIGERINA, GLOBIGERINELLA, and QUILTYELLA N. GEN, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 179-214.
Wade, B.S., Pearson, P.N., Berggren, W.A. and Pälike, H., 2011- Review and revision of Cenosoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale. Earth Science Review, 104, 111-142.
Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., Olsson, R. K., Fraass, A. J., Leckie, R. M., and Hemleben, C., 2018a-Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and lower Miocene DENTOGLOBIGERINA and GLOBOQUADRINA, Cushman Foundation Special Publication
No. 46 p. 331-384.
Wade, B. S., Olsson, R. K., Pearson, P. N., Edgar, K. M. and Premoli Silva, I., 2018b- Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene SUBBOTINA, Cushman Foundation Special Publication No. 46 p. 307-330.
Yazdi-Moghadam, M., Sadeghi, A., Adabi, M. H. and Tahmasbi, A., 2018- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the lower Miocene Hamzian and Arashtanab sections (NW Iran), northern margin of the Tethyan Seaway. Geobios No. 34 p. 238-253.
Zágoršek, K., Yazdi, M. and Bahrami, A., 2017- Cenozoic cyclostomatous bryozoans from the Qom Formation Chahriseh area northeast of Isfahan central Iran. 102, 356-378.
Zepeda, M. A., 1998- Planktonic Foraminiferal diversity, equitability and biostratigraohy of the appermost Campanian-Maastrichtian; ODP Leg 122, Hole 762, Exmouth Plateau, NW Australia, Eastern Indian Ocean. Cretaceous Research, 19:117-152.
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