Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The E-W trending Faghan fault system with >180 km in length located in the northern part of the Lut Block and south of the Dorouneh Fault in central Iran. The fault cut through basement rocks and all other younger units from Cambrian to Cenozoic. Kinematic and dynamic analyses of the Faghan fault system is crucial for understanding the tectonic framework of the northern part of the Lut Block. These field based investigation analyses of the Faghan fault system indicates the E-W trending dextral strike- slip shear kinematics for the fault system and as Principal Deformation Zone (PDZ) along which minor sinistral, dextral and dip slip faults have also formed as second order riedel shears. Therefore, like the Kuh-e-Sarhangi fault zone, the Faghan fault system is considered as one of the fundamental fault zone in the north of the Lut Block caused the deformation partitioning in the block during Late Cenozoic. Accordingly, the Faghan fault system divorces the Bardacan-Kashmar and Gonabad micro-blocks from each other and transfers the deformation from the main Lut Block into its northern micro-blocks by Intraplate escaping tectonics.
Keywords
- Faghan Fault System
- Dorouneh Fault
- Bardscan-Kashmar Microblock
- Gonabad Microblock
- Lut Block
- Late Cenozoic
Main Subjects
Allen, M. B., Ghassemi, M. R., Shahrabi, M., and Qorashi, M., 2003. Accommodation of late Cenozoic oblique shortening in the Alborz range, northern Iran. Journal of structural geology, 25(5), 659-672. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00064-0.
Allen, M., Kheirkhah, M., Emami, M.H., and Jones, S.J., 2011. Right-lateral shear across Iran and kinematic change in the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. Geophys. Journal. International, 184, p.555–574. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04874.x.
Angelier, J., 1975, Sur I'analyse de measures recueillies dans des sites failles: I'utilite d'une confrontation entre les methodes dynamiques et cinematiques. C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, D281, 1805-1808.
Angelier, J., 1989, From orientation to magnitudes in paleostress determinations using fault slip data: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 37-50. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(89)90034-5.
Aydin, A., and Schultz, R.A., 1990. Effect of mechanical interaction on the development of strike-slip faults with echelon patterns. Journal of Structural Geology 12, 123–129. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(90)90053-2.
Bagheri, S., and Stampfli, G. M., 2008. The Anarak, Jandaq and Posht-e-Badam metamorphic complex in central Iran: New geological data, relationships and tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 451. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.047.
Bott, M. H. P., 1959. The mechanics of oblique slip faulting: Geological Magazine, v. 96, no. 02, p. 109-117. doi:10.1017/S0016756800059987.
Brunet, M., Korotaev, M. V., Ershov, A. V., and Nikishin, A. M., 2003. The south Caspian basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modeling. Sedimentary Geology 156, 119-148. doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00285-3.
Calzolari, G., Della Seta, M., Rossetti, F., Nozaem, R., Vignaroli, G., Cosentino, D., and Faccenna, C., 2016. Geomorphic signal of active faulting at the northern edge of Lut Block: Insights on the kinematic scenario of Central Iran. Tectonics, 35(1), 76-102. doi:10.1002/2015TC003869.
Calzolari, G., Rossetti, F., Ault, A. K., Lucci, F., Olivetti, V., and Nozaem, R., 2018. Hematite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry constrains intraplate strike-slip faulting on the Kuh-e-Faghan Fault, central Iran. Tectonophysics, 728, 41-54. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.01.023.
Davis, G.H., 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions. Wiley, New York. 492pp.
Deng, Q., and Zhang, P., 1984. Research on the geometry of shear fracture zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 5699–5710. doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p05699.
Deng, Q., Wu, D., Zhang, P., and Chen, S., 1986. Structure and deformational character of trike-slip fault zones. Pure and Applied Geophysics 124, 203–223. doi:10.1007/BF00875726.
Eftekhar-Nezhad, J., Aghanabati, A., Hamzehpour, B., and Baroyant, V., 1976.Geological map of Kashmar 1:250,000 : Geological survay of Iran Press.
Faulkner, D.R., Lewis, A.C., and Rutter, E.H., 2003. On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: field observations of the Carboneras fault in southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 367, 235–251. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00134-3.
Hessami, K., Jamali, F., and Tabassi, H., 2003. Major active faults of Iran: International institute of earthquake engineering and seismology of Iran press.
Holdsworth, R.E., and Pinheiro, R.V.L., 2000. The anatomy of shallow crustal transpressional structures: insights from the Archaean Carajas Fault Zone, Amazon, Brazil. Journal of Structural Geology 22, 1105–1123. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00036-5.
Holdsworth, R.E., Stewart, M., Imber, J., and Strachan, R.A., 2001. The structure and rheological evolution of continental fault zones: a review and case study. In: Miller, J.A., Holdsworth, R.E., Buick, I.S., Hand, M. (Eds.), Continental Reactivation and Reworking Geological Society, London, Special Publication 184, pp. 115–137. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.184.01.07.
Keller, J.V.A., Hall, S.H., Dart, C.J., and McClay, K.R., 1995. The geometry and evolution of a transpressional strike-slip system: the Carboneras Fault, SE Spain. Journal of the Geological Society, London 152, 339–351. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.2.0339.
Kim, Y-S., Peacock, D.C.P., and Sanderson, D.J., 2004. Fault damage zones. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 503–517. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.002.
Li, J.W., Zhou, M.F., Li, X.F., Fu, Z.R., and Li, Z.J., 2001. The Hunan-Jangxi strike-slip fault system in southern China: southern termination of the Tan-Lu fault. Journal of Geodynamics 32, 333–354. doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(01)00033-3.
Little, T.A., 1996. Faulting-related displacement gradients and strain adjacent to the Awatere strike-slip fault in New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 321–340. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80053-8.
Ludman, A., 1998. Evolution of a transcurrent fault system in shallow crustal metasedimentary rocks: the Norumbega fault zone, eastern Maine. Journal of Structural Geology 20, 93–107. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00094-1.
Madanipour, S., Ehlers, T.A., Yassaghi, A., Rezaeian, M., Enkelmann, E., and Bahroudi, A., 2013. Synchronous deformation on orogenic plateau margins: insights from the Arabia–Eurasia collision. Tectonophysics 608, 440–451. doi: 10.1016/ j.tecto.2013.09.003.
Mandl, G., 2000. Faulting in Brittle Rocks. An Introduction to the Mechanics of Tectonic Faults. Springer, Berlin. 434pp.
Marret, R., and Allmendinger, R. W., 1990, Kinematic analysis of fault slip data, J. Struct. Geol., 12, 973-986. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(90)90093-E.
Mattei, M., Cifelli, F., Muttoni, G., Zanchi, A., Berra, F., Mossavvari, F., and Eshraghi, S. A., 2012. Neogene block rotation in central Iran: Evidence from paleomagnetic data: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 124, no. 5-6, p. 943-956 doi:10.1130/B30479.1.
McGrath, A.G., and Davison, I., 1995. Damage zone geometry around fault tips. Journal of Structural Geology 17, 1011–1024. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(94)00116-H.
Naimi-Ghassabian, N., Khatib, M. M., Nazari, H., and Heyhat, M. R., 2015. Present-day tectonic regime and stress patterns from the formal inversion of focal mechanism data, in the North of Central–East Iran Blocks". Journal of African Earth Sciences, 111, 113-126. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.07.018.
Nogole Sadat, M.A.A., and Almasian, M., 1993. Tectonic map of Iran (1:1000,000). Geological survey of Iran.
Nozaem, R., Mohajjel, M., Rossetti, F., Della Seta, M., Vignaroli, G., Yassaghi, A., Salvini, F., and Eliassi, M., 2013. Post-Neogene right-lateral strike–slip tectonics at the north-western edge of the Lut Block (Kuh-e–Sarhangi Fault), Central Iran. Journal of Tectonophysics. 589. 220-233. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.001.
Pachell, M.A., and Evans, J.P., 2002. Growth, linkage, and termination processes of a 10 km-long strike-slip fault in jointed granite: the Gemini fault zone, Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Structural Geology 24, 1903–1924. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00027-5.
Price, R.A., and Carmichael, D.M., 1986. Geometric test for Late Cretaceous–Paleogene intracontinental transform faulting in the Canadian Cordillera. Geology 14, 468–471. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<468:GTFLCI>2.0.CO;2.
Rispoli, R., 1981. Stress fields about strike-slip faults inferred from stylolites and tension gashes. Tectonophysics 75, T29–T36. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(81)90274-2.
Sengör, A.M.C., 1987. Tectonics of the Tethysides: orogenic collage development in a collisional setting. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 15, 213–244. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.15.050187.001241.
Sheikholeslami, M. R., Mobayen, P., Javadi, H. R., and Ghassemi, M. R., 2021. Stress field and tectonic regime of Central Iran from inversion of the earthquake focal mechanisms. Tectonophysics, 813, 228931. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228931.
Stampfli, G.M., and Borel, G.D., 2002. A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 196, 17–33. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00588-X.
Stampfli, G.M., 2000. Tethyan oceans. In: Bozkurt E., Winchester G.A., Piper G.D.A. (Eds.), Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and surrounding area. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, pp. 1-23.
Storti, F., Rossetti, F., Laufer, A.L., and Salvini, F., 2006. Consistent kinematic architecture in the damage zones of intraplate strike-slip fault systems in North Victoria Land, Antarctica and implications for fault zone evolution, Journal of Structural Geology 28 ,50–63. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.09.004.
Swanson, M.T., 1988. Pseudotachylyte-bearing strike-slip duplex structures in the Fort Foster Brittle Zone of southernmost Maine. Journal of Structural Geology 10, 813–828. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(88)90097-1.
Sylvester, A.G., 1988. Strike-slip faults. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, 1666–1703. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1666:SSF>2.3.CO;2.
Taheri, j., Shamanian, G.H., Shojai Kaveh, N., Bahremand, M., and Amir Razavi, M., 2001. Geological map of Kashmar 1:100,000 : Geological survay of Iran Press.
Tchalenko, J.S., 1970. Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes. Geological Society of America Bulletin 81, 1625–1640.
Umhoefer, P.J., 2000. Where are the missing faults in translated terranes? Tectonophysics 326, 23–35. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1625:SBSZOD]2.0.CO;2.
Vauchez, A., Pacheco-Neves, S., Caby, R., Corsini, M., Egydio-Silva, M., Arthaud, M., and Amaro, V., 1995. The Borborema shear zone system. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 8, 247–266. doi:10.1016/0895-9811(95)00012-5.
Wallace, R. E., 1951. Geometry of shearing stress and relation to faulting: The Journal of Geology, p. 118-130 doi:10.1086/625831.
Walker. R., and Jackson, J., 2004. Active tectonics and late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran. Tectonics, V. 23, TC5010, doi:10.1029/ 2003TC001529.
Walpersdorf, A., Manighetti, I., Mousavi, Z., Tavakoli, F., Vergnolle, M., Jadidi, A., and Sedighi, M., 2014. Present day kinematics and fault slip rates in eastern Iran, derived from 11 years of GPS data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(2), 1359-1383. doi:10.1002/2013JB010620.
Woodcock, N.H., and Schubert, C., 1994. Continental strike-slip tectonics. In: Hancock, P.L. (Ed.), Continental Tectonics. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 251–263.
Allen, M., Kheirkhah, M., Emami, M.H., and Jones, S.J., 2011. Right-lateral shear across Iran and kinematic change in the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. Geophys. Journal. International, 184, p.555–574. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04874.x.
Angelier, J., 1975, Sur I'analyse de measures recueillies dans des sites failles: I'utilite d'une confrontation entre les methodes dynamiques et cinematiques. C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, D281, 1805-1808.
Angelier, J., 1989, From orientation to magnitudes in paleostress determinations using fault slip data: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 37-50. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(89)90034-5.
Aydin, A., and Schultz, R.A., 1990. Effect of mechanical interaction on the development of strike-slip faults with echelon patterns. Journal of Structural Geology 12, 123–129. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(90)90053-2.
Bagheri, S., and Stampfli, G. M., 2008. The Anarak, Jandaq and Posht-e-Badam metamorphic complex in central Iran: New geological data, relationships and tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 451. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.047.
Bott, M. H. P., 1959. The mechanics of oblique slip faulting: Geological Magazine, v. 96, no. 02, p. 109-117. doi:10.1017/S0016756800059987.
Brunet, M., Korotaev, M. V., Ershov, A. V., and Nikishin, A. M., 2003. The south Caspian basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modeling. Sedimentary Geology 156, 119-148. doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00285-3.
Calzolari, G., Della Seta, M., Rossetti, F., Nozaem, R., Vignaroli, G., Cosentino, D., and Faccenna, C., 2016. Geomorphic signal of active faulting at the northern edge of Lut Block: Insights on the kinematic scenario of Central Iran. Tectonics, 35(1), 76-102. doi:10.1002/2015TC003869.
Calzolari, G., Rossetti, F., Ault, A. K., Lucci, F., Olivetti, V., and Nozaem, R., 2018. Hematite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry constrains intraplate strike-slip faulting on the Kuh-e-Faghan Fault, central Iran. Tectonophysics, 728, 41-54. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.01.023.
Davis, G.H., 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions. Wiley, New York. 492pp.
Deng, Q., and Zhang, P., 1984. Research on the geometry of shear fracture zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 5699–5710. doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p05699.
Deng, Q., Wu, D., Zhang, P., and Chen, S., 1986. Structure and deformational character of trike-slip fault zones. Pure and Applied Geophysics 124, 203–223. doi:10.1007/BF00875726.
Eftekhar-Nezhad, J., Aghanabati, A., Hamzehpour, B., and Baroyant, V., 1976.Geological map of Kashmar 1:250,000 : Geological survay of Iran Press.
Faulkner, D.R., Lewis, A.C., and Rutter, E.H., 2003. On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: field observations of the Carboneras fault in southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 367, 235–251. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00134-3.
Hessami, K., Jamali, F., and Tabassi, H., 2003. Major active faults of Iran: International institute of earthquake engineering and seismology of Iran press.
Holdsworth, R.E., and Pinheiro, R.V.L., 2000. The anatomy of shallow crustal transpressional structures: insights from the Archaean Carajas Fault Zone, Amazon, Brazil. Journal of Structural Geology 22, 1105–1123. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00036-5.
Holdsworth, R.E., Stewart, M., Imber, J., and Strachan, R.A., 2001. The structure and rheological evolution of continental fault zones: a review and case study. In: Miller, J.A., Holdsworth, R.E., Buick, I.S., Hand, M. (Eds.), Continental Reactivation and Reworking Geological Society, London, Special Publication 184, pp. 115–137. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.184.01.07.
Keller, J.V.A., Hall, S.H., Dart, C.J., and McClay, K.R., 1995. The geometry and evolution of a transpressional strike-slip system: the Carboneras Fault, SE Spain. Journal of the Geological Society, London 152, 339–351. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.2.0339.
Kim, Y-S., Peacock, D.C.P., and Sanderson, D.J., 2004. Fault damage zones. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 503–517. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.002.
Li, J.W., Zhou, M.F., Li, X.F., Fu, Z.R., and Li, Z.J., 2001. The Hunan-Jangxi strike-slip fault system in southern China: southern termination of the Tan-Lu fault. Journal of Geodynamics 32, 333–354. doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(01)00033-3.
Little, T.A., 1996. Faulting-related displacement gradients and strain adjacent to the Awatere strike-slip fault in New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 321–340. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80053-8.
Ludman, A., 1998. Evolution of a transcurrent fault system in shallow crustal metasedimentary rocks: the Norumbega fault zone, eastern Maine. Journal of Structural Geology 20, 93–107. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00094-1.
Madanipour, S., Ehlers, T.A., Yassaghi, A., Rezaeian, M., Enkelmann, E., and Bahroudi, A., 2013. Synchronous deformation on orogenic plateau margins: insights from the Arabia–Eurasia collision. Tectonophysics 608, 440–451. doi: 10.1016/ j.tecto.2013.09.003.
Mandl, G., 2000. Faulting in Brittle Rocks. An Introduction to the Mechanics of Tectonic Faults. Springer, Berlin. 434pp.
Marret, R., and Allmendinger, R. W., 1990, Kinematic analysis of fault slip data, J. Struct. Geol., 12, 973-986. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(90)90093-E.
Mattei, M., Cifelli, F., Muttoni, G., Zanchi, A., Berra, F., Mossavvari, F., and Eshraghi, S. A., 2012. Neogene block rotation in central Iran: Evidence from paleomagnetic data: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 124, no. 5-6, p. 943-956 doi:10.1130/B30479.1.
McGrath, A.G., and Davison, I., 1995. Damage zone geometry around fault tips. Journal of Structural Geology 17, 1011–1024. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(94)00116-H.
Naimi-Ghassabian, N., Khatib, M. M., Nazari, H., and Heyhat, M. R., 2015. Present-day tectonic regime and stress patterns from the formal inversion of focal mechanism data, in the North of Central–East Iran Blocks". Journal of African Earth Sciences, 111, 113-126. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.07.018.
Nogole Sadat, M.A.A., and Almasian, M., 1993. Tectonic map of Iran (1:1000,000). Geological survey of Iran.
Nozaem, R., Mohajjel, M., Rossetti, F., Della Seta, M., Vignaroli, G., Yassaghi, A., Salvini, F., and Eliassi, M., 2013. Post-Neogene right-lateral strike–slip tectonics at the north-western edge of the Lut Block (Kuh-e–Sarhangi Fault), Central Iran. Journal of Tectonophysics. 589. 220-233. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.001.
Pachell, M.A., and Evans, J.P., 2002. Growth, linkage, and termination processes of a 10 km-long strike-slip fault in jointed granite: the Gemini fault zone, Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Structural Geology 24, 1903–1924. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00027-5.
Price, R.A., and Carmichael, D.M., 1986. Geometric test for Late Cretaceous–Paleogene intracontinental transform faulting in the Canadian Cordillera. Geology 14, 468–471. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<468:GTFLCI>2.0.CO;2.
Rispoli, R., 1981. Stress fields about strike-slip faults inferred from stylolites and tension gashes. Tectonophysics 75, T29–T36. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(81)90274-2.
Sengör, A.M.C., 1987. Tectonics of the Tethysides: orogenic collage development in a collisional setting. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 15, 213–244. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.15.050187.001241.
Sheikholeslami, M. R., Mobayen, P., Javadi, H. R., and Ghassemi, M. R., 2021. Stress field and tectonic regime of Central Iran from inversion of the earthquake focal mechanisms. Tectonophysics, 813, 228931. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228931.
Stampfli, G.M., and Borel, G.D., 2002. A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 196, 17–33. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00588-X.
Stampfli, G.M., 2000. Tethyan oceans. In: Bozkurt E., Winchester G.A., Piper G.D.A. (Eds.), Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and surrounding area. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, pp. 1-23.
Storti, F., Rossetti, F., Laufer, A.L., and Salvini, F., 2006. Consistent kinematic architecture in the damage zones of intraplate strike-slip fault systems in North Victoria Land, Antarctica and implications for fault zone evolution, Journal of Structural Geology 28 ,50–63. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.09.004.
Swanson, M.T., 1988. Pseudotachylyte-bearing strike-slip duplex structures in the Fort Foster Brittle Zone of southernmost Maine. Journal of Structural Geology 10, 813–828. doi:10.1016/0191-8141(88)90097-1.
Sylvester, A.G., 1988. Strike-slip faults. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, 1666–1703. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1666:SSF>2.3.CO;2.
Taheri, j., Shamanian, G.H., Shojai Kaveh, N., Bahremand, M., and Amir Razavi, M., 2001. Geological map of Kashmar 1:100,000 : Geological survay of Iran Press.
Tchalenko, J.S., 1970. Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes. Geological Society of America Bulletin 81, 1625–1640.
Umhoefer, P.J., 2000. Where are the missing faults in translated terranes? Tectonophysics 326, 23–35. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1625:SBSZOD]2.0.CO;2.
Vauchez, A., Pacheco-Neves, S., Caby, R., Corsini, M., Egydio-Silva, M., Arthaud, M., and Amaro, V., 1995. The Borborema shear zone system. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 8, 247–266. doi:10.1016/0895-9811(95)00012-5.
Wallace, R. E., 1951. Geometry of shearing stress and relation to faulting: The Journal of Geology, p. 118-130 doi:10.1086/625831.
Walker. R., and Jackson, J., 2004. Active tectonics and late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran. Tectonics, V. 23, TC5010, doi:10.1029/ 2003TC001529.
Walpersdorf, A., Manighetti, I., Mousavi, Z., Tavakoli, F., Vergnolle, M., Jadidi, A., and Sedighi, M., 2014. Present day kinematics and fault slip rates in eastern Iran, derived from 11 years of GPS data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(2), 1359-1383. doi:10.1002/2013JB010620.
Woodcock, N.H., and Schubert, C., 1994. Continental strike-slip tectonics. In: Hancock, P.L. (Ed.), Continental Tectonics. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 251–263.
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