Biostratigraphy of plant macrofossils of the Mazino, southwest of Tabas, Central East of Iran and its palaeoecological analysis

Vaez-Javadi, Fatemeh; Abbaszadeh, Mahdi

doi:10.22071/gsj.2022.307599.1937

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. Iran

https://doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2022.307599.1937

Abstract

Middle Jurassic sediments of the Hojedk Formation have been well-exposed in the Central East of Iran. In this study, plant macrofossils, which are collected from a coal exploratory well in the Mazino area, southwest of the Tabas were studied, so that 29 species of well-preserved plant macrofossils belonging to 15 genera of various orders such as Equisetales, Filicales, Caytoniales, Bennettitales, Cycadales, and Pinales were identified. One local biozone- Ptilophyllum harrisianum-Klukia exilis interval zone was recognized. The lower and the upper boundaries of this biozone were identified by the first and the last occurrences of index species. Based on the occurrences of the Equisetites sp. cf. E. beanii, Klukia exilis, Ptilophyllum harrisianum, Nilssonia macrophylla, and Elatides thomasii, an early Middle Jurassic age (Aalenian-Bajocian) was suggested for this plant assemblage. The relative abundance of Filicales (ferns), Cycadales, Pinales, and Equisetales are 43.18, 31.82, 13.63, and 4.64 percent, respectively. Moreover, the results of similarity indices of plant macrofossils indicate relatively strong value of similarity between the plant macrofossil assemblage of the Mazino area and elsewhere in the Tabas Block. Besides, the floral gradient score of this assemblage is 54.89. Based on the paleontological and lithological evidence, a humid ‘warm temperate biome’ is considered for this locality. Moreover, it is confirmed that a uniform vegetation and palaeoclimate occurred in Tabas Block during the Middle Jurassic and that Iran was located within Vakhrameev’s Euro-Sinian region, as Transcaspian subprovince.

Keywords

20.1001.1.10237429.1401.32.4.16.2

Main Subjects

Stratigraphy and Palaeontology

References

Alavi, M., Vaziri, H., Seyed-Emami, K., and Lasemi, Y., 1997. The Triassic and associated rocks of the Nakhlak and Aghdarband areas in central and northeastern Iran as remnants of the southern Turanian active continental margin. Geological Society of America Bulletin, V.109 (12), pp. 1563–1575.

Ameri, H., 2018. The Bajocian–Bathonian plant fossil from the Hojedk formation, Lenjan section, Kerman, Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, V. 11 (66), pp. 2–11. DOI:10.1007/s12517-017-3339-8.

Ameri, H., Dastanpour, M., Khalilizade, H., and Zamani, F., 2013. Plant fossil remains from the Bajocian–Bathonian of Hojedk Formation, Babhutk area, Kerman, Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, V. 7 (6), pp. 2293–2302. DOI:10.1007/s12517-013-0878-5.

Assereto, R., 1966. The Jurassic Shemshak Formation in Central Elburz (Iran). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, V. 72 (4), pp. 1133-1182.

Badihagh, M. T., Sajjadi, F., Farmani, T., and Uhl, D., 2019. Middle Jurassic palaeoenvironment and palaeobiogeography of the Tabas Block, Central Iran: palynological and palaeobotanical Investigations. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, V. 99, pp. 379–399. DOI:10.1007/s12549-018-0361-0.

Barnard, P. D. W., 1965. Flora of the Shemshak Formation Part2. Liassic Plants from Dorud. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, V. 4, p. 1123-1168.

Beckett, P. H., 1956. Coal deposits near Kerman, South Persia. Economic Geology, V. 51, pp. 197-198.

Berra, F., Angiolini, L., Zanchi, A., Vezzoli, G., Zanchetta, S., Bergomi, M., Vachard, D., Javadi, H. R., and Kouhpeyma, M., 2017. The upper Palaeozoic Godar-e-Siah Complex of Jandaq: Evidence and significance of a North Palaeotethyan succession in Central Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, V. 138, pp. 272-290.

Berberian, N., and King, G. C. P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, V. 18, pp. 210-265.

Dice, L. R., 1945. Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology, V. 26 (3), pp. 297-302.

Fürsich, F. T., Wilmsen, M., and Seyed-Emami, K., 2009. Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group of northern Iran. Geological Society London, Special Publications, V. 312, pp. 120-160. DOI:10.1144/SP312.6.

Rees, P. M. A., Ziegler, A. M., and Valdes, P. J., 2000. Jurassic phytogeography and climates: new data and model comparisons. In Hubert, B.T., MacLeod K.G. and Wing S.L. (eds.), Warm Climates in Earth History. Cambridge University Press, London, 480 pp.

Schweitzer, H. J., and Kirchner, M., 2003. Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans 13. Cycadophyta. III. Bennettitales. Palaeontographica B, V. 264 (1-6), pp. 1-166.

Schweitzer, H. J., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., and van der Burg, J., 1997. The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 10. Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta-Eusporangiate and Protoleptosporangiate. Palaeontographica B, V. 243, pp. 103-192.

Schweitzer, H. J., Kirchner, M., and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., 2000. The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 12. Cycadophyta II. Nilssoniales. Palaeontographica B, V. 254 (1-3), pp. 1-63.

Schweitzer, H. J., Schweitzer, U., Kirchner, M., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A., van der Burgh, J., and Ashraf, R. A., 2009. The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 14. Pterophyta, Leptosporangiatae. Palaeontographica B, 279 (1-6), pp. 1-108. DOI: 10.1127/palb/279/2009/1.

Sengör, A. M. C., 1979. Mid-Mesozoic closure of Permo-Triassic Tethys and its implications. Nature, V. 279, pp. 590-593.

Sengör, A. M. C., 1990. A new model for late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Iran and implications for Oman. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, V. 49 (1), pp. 797-831.

Shahabpour, J., 1998. Liesegang blocks from sandstone beds of the Hojedk Formation, Kerman, Iran. Geomorphology, V. 22, pp. 93-106.

Sørensen, T., 1948. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content. Biologiske Skrifter Udgivet af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, V. 4, pp. 1-34.

Tipper, G. H., 1921. The geology and mineral resources of eastern Persia. Record of Geological Survey of India, 53 (1), pp. 51-80.

Takin, M., 1972. Iranian geology and continental drift in the Middle East. Nature, V. 235, pp. 147-150.

Vaez Javadi, F., 2014. Triassic and Jurassic Floras and Climate of Central-East Iran. Geological Survey of Iran- Rahi publication, Tehran, 290 pp.

Vaez-Javadi, F., 2018. Middle Jurassic flora from the Hojedk Formation of Tabas, central east Iran: Biostratigraphy and Palaeoclimate implications. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, V. 124 (2), pp. 299-316. doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/10083.

Vaez-Javadi, F., and Mirzaie-Ataabadi, M., 2006. Jurassic plant macrofossils from the Hojedk Formation, Kerman area, east-central Iran. Alcheringa, V. 30, 63-96. doi.org/10.1080/03115510608619345.

Vakhrameev, V. A., 1991. Jurassic and Cretaceous floras and climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press, London, 318 pp.

Wilmsen, M., Fürsich, F. T., and Taheri, J., 2009. The Shemshak Group (Lower-Middle Jurassic) of the Binalud Mountains, NE Iran: stratigraphy, depositional environments and geodynamic implications. Geological Society of London, V. 312, pp. 175-188.

Zanchi, A., Berra, F., Mattei, M., Ghasemi, M. R., and Sabouri, J., 2006. Inversion tectonics in central Alborz, Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, V. 28, pp. 2023-2037. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.

Zanchi, A., Zanchetta, S., Berra, F., Mattei, M., Granzanti, E., Molyneux, S., Namab, A., and Sabouri, J., 2009. The Eo-Cimmerian (Late? Triassic) orogeny in North Iran. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, V. 312, pp. 31-55. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00876.x

Zanchi, A., Malaspina, N., Zanchetta, S., Berra, F., Benciolini, L., Bergomi, M., Cavallo, A., Javadi, H. R., and Kouhpeyma, M., 2015. The Cimmerian accretionary wedge of Anarak, Central Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, V. 102, pp. 45-72.

Ziegler, A. M., Parrish, J. M., Jiping, Y., Gyllenhaal, E. D., Rowley, D. B., Parrish, J. T., Shangyou, N., Bekker, A., and Hulver, M. L., 1993. Early Mesozoic Phytogeography and Climate. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London B 28, V. 341 (1297), pp. 297-305.

Ziegler, A. M., Rees, P. M., Rowley, D. B., Bekker, A., Qing L., and Hulver, M. L., 1996. Mesozoic assembly of Asia: Constraints from fossil floras, tectonics and paleomagnetism, in Yin, A., and Harrison, M., eds., The tectonic evolution of Asia. Cambridge University Press, pp. 371-400

Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences

Biostratigraphy of plant macrofossils of the Mazino, southwest of Tabas, Central East of Iran and its palaeoecological analysis

References

References

Volume 32, Issue 4 - Serial Number 126
Vol. 32,, Issue.4, Serial No. 126, Winter 2022
December 2022
Pages 209-220

Biostratigraphy of plant macrofossils of the Mazino, southwest of Tabas, Central East of Iran and its palaeoecological analysis

References

References

Volume 32, Issue 4 - Serial Number 126Vol. 32,, Issue.4, Serial No. 126, Winter 2022December 2022Pages 209-220

Volume 32, Issue 4 - Serial Number 126
Vol. 32,, Issue.4, Serial No. 126, Winter 2022
December 2022
Pages 209-220