Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Editorial Staff

Publication Ethics

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

News

Reviewer in 2021

Publons Link

Regulations for determining the cost of article processing in open access scientific journals

Chahmir Zn-Pb Deposit, a Typical Selwyn-Type (Vent Proximal) Sedex Deposit, Bafq Basin, Central Iran

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Angooran Mining Company, Zanjan, Iran.

Abstract

Chahmir Zn-Pb deposit is one of several sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits (e.g., Koushk, Zarigan, Dareh Dehu & Cheshmeh Firuzeh) located in southeast of Bafq basin hosted within a Early Cambrian volcano-sedimentary sequence, simultaneous with global Cambrian ocean anoxic event, forming in a rift environment. The host rock units of the Chahmir Zn-Pb deposit includes organic-rich black siltstones with intercalations of tuff and silty tuff overlain by green carbonaceous tuffs. Based on nature of sulfide mineralization, mineralogy and textures of sulfide minerals, the Chahmir deposit can be divided into four different facies. Based on their situation towards the vent of mineralization fluid, these facies include:  1) A massive ore facies (Vent Complex) forms the thicker part of generally massive higher grade ores in east of the deposit. This facies includes two subfacies: the sulfide-silica-carbonate subfacies in center of massive ore and sulfide-carbonate subfacies around it. Sulfide minerals are observed as massive, replacement, vein-veinlets and brecciated colloform textures. 2) Vein-veinlets facies (Feeder Zone) includes sulfide veins and silica that form as a scissors of host rocks under the massive ore facies. Vein-veinlets and replacement textures form main features of this facies. 3) Bedded ore facies which is thinner than the massive ore facies and is characterized by layered and banded feature and low grade ore. This facies occurs as stratiform laminated and banded sulfides contemporaneous with the formation of the host rocks. 4) Distal facies is formed at west of the deposit which is actually a sedimentary equivalent of bedded ore facies. Main characteristics of this facies are presence of disseminated pyrite, banded chert and barite. The most important characteristics of mineralization at the Chahmir deposit such as tectonic setting, host rocks, mineralogy, diffrent facies, show similarities to siltstone and shale hosted Zn-Pb Sedex type deposits. Accordingly, Chahmir is regarded as a Selwyn-Type (Vent Proximal) SEDEX deposit.

Keywords

References
References
Betts, B. G., Giles, D. & Lister, G. S., 2003- Tectonic Environment of Shale-Hosted Massive Sulfide Pb-Zn-Ag Deposits of Proterozoic Northeastern Australia, Eco. Geol., 98: 557–576
Betts, P. G., Giles, D., Mark, G., Lister, G. S., Goleby, B. R. & Ailleres, L., 2006- Synthesis of the Proterozoic evolution of the Mt Isa Inlier, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 53: 187-211.
Canet, C., Alfonso, P., Melgarejo, J. C. & Fallick, A. E., 2003- Origin of the mineralizing fluids from the Carboniferous sedex deposits of L Alforja (SW Catalonian Coastal Ranges, Spain), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 78-79: 513-517.
 Canet, C., Alfonso, P., Melgarejo, J. C. & Belyatsky, B. V., 2004- Geochemical evidences of sedimentary-exhalative origin of the shale-hosted PGE–Ag–Au–Zn–Cu occurrences of the Prades Mountains (Catalonia, Spain): trace-element abundances and Sm–Nd isotopes, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 82: 17–33.
Chen, J., Walter, M. R., Logan, G. A., Hinman, M. C. & Summons, R. E., 2003- The paleoproterozoic McArthur River (HYC) Pb-Zn-Ag deposit of northern Australia: Organic Chemistry and ore genesis, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210: 467-479.
Cooke, D. R., Bull, S. W., Large, R. R. & McGoldrick, P. J., 2000- The importance of oxidized brines for the formation of Australian Proterozoic stratiform sediment-hosted Pb-Zn (Sedex) deposits, Eco. Geol., 95: 1–18.
Daliran, F., Stosch, H. G. & Williams, P., 2008- Lower Cambrian Iron Oxide-Apatite-REE (U) deposits of the Bafq District, East-Central Iran, in: Corriveau, L., and Mumin, H., eds., Exploration for Iron Oxide Copper-Gold deposits: Canada and global analogues, Geological Survey of Canada, short course note.
Franklin, J. M., Hannington, M. D., Jonasson, I. R. & Barrie, C. T., 1998- Arc related volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, in Metallogeny of volcanic arc: British Columbia Geological Survey, Open-File 1998-8.
Gibbs, A., 1976- Geology and genesis of the Bafq lead-zinc deposits, Mine and Metal, B. 205-220.
Goodfellow, W. D., 2004-  Geology, genesis and exploration of SEDEX deposits, with emphasis on the Selwyn basin, Canada, in Deb, M. and Goodfellow, W.D., eds., Sediment-hosted lead-zinc sulphide deposits: Attributes and models of some major deposits of India, Australia and Canada: Narosa publishing house, Delhi, India, p. 24-99.
Goodfellow, W. D., 2007-  Metallogeny of the Selwyn Basin, Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File xxx.
Goodfellow, W. D. & Lydon, J. W., 2005-  Synthesis of SEDEX Deposits, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File xxx.
Goodfellow, W. D., Lydon, J. W. & Turner, R. W., 1993- Geology and genesis of stratiform sediment- hosted (SEDEX) Zn-Pb-Ag sulphide deposits, in Kirkham, R. V., Sinclair, W. D., Thorpe, R. I., and Duke, J. M., eds., Mineral Deposit Modeling, Special Paper 40, Geological Association of Canada, p. 201-251.
Goodfellow, W. D. & Lydon, J. W., 2007- Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits, in Goodfellow, W.D., ed., Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods: Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication No. 5, p. 163-183.
Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D. F., Horton, B. K., Axen, G. J., Stockli, L. D., Grove, M., Schmitt, A. K. & Walker, J. D., 2008- U-Pb geochronology of late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian granitoids in Iran: Implications for Paleogeogrephy, magmatism, and exhumation history of Iranian basement, Tectonophysics, 451: 71-96.
Huckriede, R., Kursten, M. & Venzlaff, H., 1962-  Zur geologie des gebiets zwischen Kerman und Saghand (Iran): Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 51: 197.
Ireland, T., Bull, S. W. & Large, R. R., 2004a- Mass flow sedimentology within the HYC Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Northern Territory, Australia: Evidence for syn-sedimentary ore genesis: Mineralium Deposita, 39: 143–158.
 Ireland, T., Large, R. R., McGoldrick, P. & Blake, M., 2004b- Spatial distribution patterns of sulfur isotopes, nodular carbonate, and ore textures in the McArthur River (HYC) Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Northern Territory, Australia, Eco. Geol., 99: 1687-1709.
Large, D. & Walcher, E., 1999- The Rammelsberg massive sulphide Cu-Zn-Pb-Ba-deposit, Germany: An example of sediment-hosted, massive sulphide mineralization: Mineralium Deposita, 34: 522–538.
 Large, R. R., Bull, S. W., McGoldrick, P. J., Walters, S., Derrick, G. M. & Carr, G. R., 2005- Stratiform and strata-bound Zn-Pb-Ag deposits in Pproterozoic sedimentary basins, northern Australia, Economic Geologists, Inc. 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 561–607.
 Large, R. R., McGoldrick, P., Bull, S. & Cooke, D., 2004- Proterozoic startiform sediment-hosted zinc-lead-silver deposits of northern Australia, in Deb, M. and Goodfellow, W.D., eds., Sediment-hosted lead-zinc sulphide deposits: Attributes and models of some major deposits of India, Australia and Canada: Narosa publishing house, Delhi, India, p. 1-24.
Large, R. R., Bull, S. W. & Winefield, P. R., 2001- Carbon and oxygen isotope halo in carbonates related to the McArthur River (HYC) Zn-Pb-Ag deposit: Implications for sedimentation, ore genesis, and mineral exploration, Eco. Geol., 96: 1567–1593.
 Large, R. R., Bull, S. W., Cooke, D. R. & McGoldrick, P. J., 1998- A genetic model for the HYC deposit, Australia: Based on regional sedimentology, geochemistry, and sulfide-sediment relationships, Eco. Geol., 93: 1345–1368.
 Leach, D. L., Sangster, D. F., Kelley, K. D., Large, R. R., Garven, G., Allen, C. R., Gutzmer, J. & Walters, S., 2005- Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits: A Global Perspective, Economic Geologists, Inc. 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 561–607
Lydon, J., 1996- Sedimentary exhalative sulphides (SEDEX); in Eckstrand, O.R., Sinclair, W.D., and Thorpe, R.I., eds., Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, Geology of Canada, No. 8: Geological Survey of Canada (also: Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America P-1), p. 130-152.
 Lydon, J., 2005-  Synopsis of the Belt-Purcell Basin, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File xxx.
 Lydon, W. J., 2004b- Genetic models for Sullivan and other SEDEX deposits, in Deb, M. and Goodfellow, W.D., eds., Sediment-hosted lead-zinc sulphide deposits: Attributes and models of some major deposits of India, Australia and Canada: Narosa publishing house, Delhi, India, p. 149-190.
 Lydon, W. J., 2004a- Geology of the Beit-Purcell basin and the Sullivan deposit, in Deb, M. and Goodfellow, W.D., eds., Sediment-hosted lead-zinc sulphide deposits: Attributes and models of some major deposits of India, Australia and Canada: Narosa publishing house, Delhi, India, p. 100-148.
MacIntyre, D. G., 1998- Geology, geochemistry and mineral deposits of the Akie River area, northeast British Columbia, Ministry of Energy and Mines, Bulletin 103, 60p.
 MacIntyre, D., 2005- Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Zn-Pb-Ag, Modified for Yukon by A. Fonseca Refer to preface for general references and formatting significance. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File xxx.
McGoldrick, P. & Large, R. R., 1998- Proterozoic stratiform sediment hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, AGSO, Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17(4): 189-196.
Momenzadeh,  M. & Heydari, E., 1995- Ore-hydrocarbon resources and alkaline magmatism of Late-Proterozoic-Early Cambrian in Iran: A genetic interpretation.
Nadimi, A., 2006- Evolution of the Central Iranian basement, Gondwana Research, xx: 1-10.
Rajabi, A., Rastad, E., Rashidnejed Omran, N. & Mohamadi Niaei, R., 2008- Chahmir deposit: A sedimentary-exhalative Zn-Pb deposit in Bafq basin, Central Iran. 33rd IGC, Oslo 2008.
Ramezani, J. & Tucker, R., 2003- The Saghand region, Central Iran: U–Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana tectonics. American Journal of Science, 303: 622–665.
Sangster, D. F., 2002- The role of dense brines in the formation of vent-distal sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) lead-zinc deposits: field and laboratory evidence: Mineralium Deposita, 37: 149-157.
 Stock, E., 2007- Footwall veins in the Red Dog district, Brooks Range, Alaska: Fluid conduits for giant SEDEX ore deposits?, British Columbia University, MSci thesis, 81p.
Talbot, C. J. & Alavi, M., 1996- The past of a future syntaxis across the Zagros, in Alsop, G. I., Blundell, D. J., and Davison, I., editors, Salt Tectonics: Geological Society Special Publications, 100: 89–109.
Tucker, M. E., 1994- Sedimentary petrology (an introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks), 2Ed, Blackwell Scientific Publ., London. 252p.
 Turner, R. J. W., 1990- Jason stratiform Zn-Pb-barite deposit, Selwyn basin, Canada (NTS 105-O-1): Geological setting, hydrothermal facies and genesis, in Abbott, J. G., and Turner, R. J. W., Mineral deposit of the northern Canadian Cordillera, International association on the genesis of ore deposits, field trip 14: guidebook, p.
Yaghubpur, A. & Mehrabi, B., 1997-  Kushk Zinc-Lead Deposit a Typical Black-Shale-Hosted Deposit in Yazd State, Iran, Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 8(2): 117-125.
 Yang, J., Large, R. R., Bull, S. & Scott, D. L., 2006- Basin-scale numerical modeling to test the role of buoyancy-driven fluid flow and heat transport in the formation of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits in the northern Mount Isa basin, Eco. Geol., 101: 1275–1292.
Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences
Volume 20, Issue 79
January 2011
Pages 143-156
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics