Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran

2 M.Sc., Department of Geology, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

This study aims at analyzing structural lineaments, fractures and blind faults of the Avaj - Abegarm region and determining the related fractal patterns using remote sensing techniques. The lineaments map was extracted using appropriate algorithms of spatial data, Landsat 8 satellite images and Shaded Relief Model with a semi-automatic method, and then field studies and instrumental recorded earthquakes have been used for identification of structural lineaments. The fractures pattern and structural lineaments of the study area were calculated using fractal analysis and Box Counting method and fractal dimension obtained in the Hassanabad and Avaj fault zones from Log–log plots. Based on calculated fractal dimensions of structural lineaments, location of the longitudinal faults and epicenter of destructive Changureh - Avaj 2002 earthquake, the Abdareh and Kharrud faults are active blind faults beneath the alluvial deposits of the study area,. The density of faults in the Hassanabad fault zones and the higher fractal dimension of fractures in this zone in comparison with the Avaj fault zone, indicate higher activity level of the Hassanabad and KharRud faults.

Keywords

 
Allen, M., Jackson, J. and Walker, R., 2004- Late Cenozoic reorganization of the Arabia - Eurasia collision and the comparison of short-term and long term deformation rates. Tectonics, V. 23, TC2008, doi: 10.1029 / 2003TC001530.
Ambraseys, N. N., 1963- The Buyin-Zara (Iran) earthquake of September 1962: a field report. B. Seismol. Soc. Am, V. 53, p. 705-740.
Assatse, W. T., Nouck, Ph. N., Tabod, Ch. T., Akame, J. M. and Biringanine, G. N., 2016- Hydrogeological activity of lineaments in Yaounde Cameroon region using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, p. 1-12.
Austin, J. R. and Blenkinsop, T. G., 2008- The Cloncurry Lineament: Geophysical and geological evidence for a deep crustal structure in the Eastern Succession of the Mount Isa Inlier". Precambrian Research, V. 163, p. 50–68.
Berberian, M. and King, G. C. P., 1981- Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evaluation of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, V. 18, p. 210–265.
Bolourchi, M. H., 1979- Geological Quadrangle Map of Kabudar Ahang, Scale 1:250,000, Sheet D 5. Geological Survey of Iran.
Corgne, S., Magagi, R., Yergeau, M. and Sylla, D., 2010- An integrated approach to hydro-geological lineament mapping of a semi-arid region of West Africa using Radarsat-1 and GIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, V. 114, p. 1863–1875.
Fallahi, A. H., Alaghebandian, R. and Miyajima, M., 2003- Microtremor Measurements and Building Damage during the Changureh-Avaj, Iran Earthquake of June 2002. Journal of Natural Disaster Science, V. 25, p. 37-46.
Farrokhnia, A. and Sorbi, A., 2015- Evaluation of the Lineaments and Faults in the Alborz Province by Remote Sensing. Journal of Engineering Geology, V. 9, p. 2751-2764.
Fichler, C., Rundhovde, E., Olesen, O., Saether, B. M., Ruelatten, H., Lundin, E. and Dore, A. G., 1999- Regional tectonic interpretation of image enhanced gravity and magnetic data covering the mid-Norweigian shelf and adjacent mainland. Tectonophysics, V. 306 (2), p. 183–197.
Ghasemi, H., Kamalian, N. and Hamzeloo, H., 2006- Stochastic finite-fault simulation for the 2002. Changureh-Avaj earthquake, NW Iran. Journal Earth and Space Physics, V. 32, p. 25-35.
Ghayamghamian, M. R., 2007- Directional damage due to near-fault and site effects in the M6.4 Changureh–Avaj earthquake of 22 June 2002. Journal Seismol, V. 11, p. 39–57
Gheitanchi, M. R., 2004- The June 22nd 2002 Changoureh – Avaj earthquake in Qazvin province, north central Iran. Journal Earth and Space Physics, V 30, p. 23–30.
Hamzehloo, H., 2005- Strong ground motion modelling of causative fault for the 2002 Avaj earthquake, Iran. Tectonophysics, V. 409, p. 159–174.
Hung, L. Q., Batelaan, O. and De Smedt, F., 2005- Lineament extraction and analysis, comparison of LANDSAT ETM and ASTER imagery. Case study: Suoimuoi tropical karst catchment, Vietnam. Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, Geology V, edited by Manfred Ehlers, Ulrich Michel, Proc. of SPIE. 5983, 59830T 0277-786X/05/$15 doi: 10.1117/12.627699.
Koike, K., Nagano, S. and Kawaba, K., 1998- Computer Geo". Sci. 24, 573p.
Koike, K., Nagano, S. and Ohmi, M., 1995- Computer Geo". Sci. 21,1091p.
Kudo, T., Yamamoto, A., Nohara, T., Kinoshita, H. and Shichi, R., 2004- Variations of gravity anomaly roughness in Chugoku district, Japan: relationship with distributions of topographic lineaments. Earth Planets Space, V. 56, p. 5–8.
Mahdavifar, M. H., Solaymani, Sh. and Jafari, M. K., 2006- Landslides triggered by the Avaj, Iran earthquake of June 22, 2002. Engineering Geology, V. 86, p. 166-182.
Mandelbrot, B. B., 1983- The Fractal Geometry of Nature (Updated and Augmented Edition), Freeman, New York. 495 p.
Masoud, A. and Koike, K., 2006- Tectonic architecture through Landsat-7 ETM+/SRTM DEM-derived lineaments and relationship to the hydrogeologic setting in Siwa region, NW Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, V. 45, p. 467 – 477.
Meshkani, S. A., Mehrabi, B., Yaghubpur, A. and Sadeghi, M., 2013- Recognition of the regional lineaments of Iran: Using geospatial data and their implications for exploration of metallic ore deposits, ore Geology Reviews, V. 55, p. 48-63.
Milbury, A. E. C., Smrekar, S. E., Raymond, C. A. and Schubert, G., 2007- Lithospheric structure in the east region of Mars’dichotomy boundary. Planetary and Space Science, V. 55, p. 280–288.
Oakey, G., 1994- A structural fabric defined by topographic lineaments: Correlation with Tertiary deformation of Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands, Canadian Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research, V. 99, p. 0148-0227.
Priestley, K., Baker, C. and Jackson, J., 1994- Implications of earthquake focal mechanism data for the active tectonics of the south Caspian basin and surrounding regions. Geophysics, V. 118, p. 111–141.
Salem, A., Furuya, S., Aboud, E., Elawadi, E., Jotaki, H. and Ushijima, K., 2005- Subsurface structural mapping using gravity data of Hohi Geothermal Area, Central Kyushu, Japan. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey, on CD-ROM.
Solaymani, Sh. and Feghhi, Kh., 2003- Report of Surface Faulting and Morphotectonics of “Avaj Region” Earthquake on June 22, 2002.
Turcotte, D. L., 1997- Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics", Cambridge Univ. Press.
Walker, R. T., Bergman, E., Jackson, J., Ghorashi, M. and Talebian, M., 2005- The 2002 June 22 Changureh (Avaj) earthquake in Qazvin province, northwest Iran: epicentral relocation, source parameters, surface deformation and geomorphology". Geophys, V. 160, p. 707–720.
Yazdi, M., Taheri, M., Navi, P. and Sadati, N., 2013- Landsat ETM+ imaging for mineral potential mapping: application to Avaj area, Qazvin, Iran. International Journal of Remote Sensing, V. 34, p. 5578–5795.
Zare, M., 2002- A Seismological Overview on the Changureh (Avaj, Iran) Earthquake of 22 June 2002, Mw=6.3. Orfeus Newsletter, V.  4, 12 p.
Zare, M., 2003- Seismotectonic of South Ghazvin Plain and Stress Situation in the Buin-Zahra 1962 and Changureh 2002 Earthquakes Prone Areas. Fourth International Conference of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Islamic Republic o