Petrology
Farzaneh Valinasab Zarnagh; Mohsen Moayyed; Ahmad Jahangiri; Hossein Azizi
Abstract
There are discontinuous outcrops of volcanic rocks in the West Azarbaijan province and in the north of Maku city. These volcanic complex were bimodal and compose of acidic and basic lava and pyroclastic rocks. Mineral chemistry studies show that clinopyroxenes in the studied rocks are diopside. These ...
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There are discontinuous outcrops of volcanic rocks in the West Azarbaijan province and in the north of Maku city. These volcanic complex were bimodal and compose of acidic and basic lava and pyroclastic rocks. Mineral chemistry studies show that clinopyroxenes in the studied rocks are diopside. These pyroxenes have a high magnesium number (0.87 to 0.99). Magma series and tectonic determination diagrams show that the basaltic rocks that make up the studied clinopyroxenes have an alkaline nature and were formed in a whitin plate environment. According to geothermobarometry studies, clinopyroxenes were formed at temperature 1100 - 1250 ° C and pressure of 3 - 9 Kbar. The depth for generation of magma was at about 22 kilometers.
Petrology
Mohsen Moayyed; Farzaneh ValinasabZarnagh; Ahmad Jahangiri; Hosein Azizi
Abstract
there are Discontinuous outcrops of volcanic rocks in the northern regions of Maku. The volcanic rocks were metamorphosed in the green schist facies. These volcanic complex were bimodal and compose of acidic and basic lava and pyroclastic rocks. The lava of this unit covers the Cambrian and equivalent ...
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there are Discontinuous outcrops of volcanic rocks in the northern regions of Maku. The volcanic rocks were metamorphosed in the green schist facies. These volcanic complex were bimodal and compose of acidic and basic lava and pyroclastic rocks. The lava of this unit covers the Cambrian and equivalent of Lashkarak rock units and is progressively covered by Devonian dolomitic units. The geochemical data of metabasic and metarhyolite rocks signify transitional to alkaline nature of the primary magma and they have a negative gradient of REE and LREE / HREE ratio of those rocks are high and enriched inHFS elements. Metarhyolite rocks are similar to the rift setting rhyolites (A1-Type). Geochemical data indicate that the studied rocks are due to fractional crystallization of basic magma with crustal contamination, and in particular, the studied rocks have a genetic relationship and originate from a commen magma. The magma of the studied rocks generated by 3-10 percent partial melting of an enriched garnet peridotitic mantle source in an intra-continental extensional rift setting. This tectonic setting is concordant with the known extensional rift setting governed on other parts of Iran during the early Paleozoic, primary stages of generation and development of the Paleotethys.
A. Asghari Moghaddam; E. Fijani
Abstract
Maku area is located in the north of West Azarbaijan, northwest of Iran. In this area, groundwater supplies main water demands for different purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industry. The aim of this research is to study the groundwater hydrochemistry, hydrogeological relation between karstic ...
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Maku area is located in the north of West Azarbaijan, northwest of Iran. In this area, groundwater supplies main water demands for different purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industry. The aim of this research is to study the groundwater hydrochemistry, hydrogeological relation between karstic and basaltic aquifers, determination of probable hydrochemical anomalies and their genesis and suitable methods for removal of these anomalies. For this purpose, in adition to available hydrochemical data, 72 water samples were collected from wells and springs in high and low level groundwater durations and were been analyzed for some trace elements. The results indicate fluoride anomaly in this area. In order to examine the hydrochemistry of the study area, graphical and mass balance methods were used. Both of these methods confirm the basaltic origin of fluoride anomalies. Consequently, hydrogeological relation between karstic and basaltic aquifer is established. Petrologic studies show that basaltic rocks of the area have appropriate conditions for occurrence of fluoroapatite; as a result, fluoroapatitic origin for high concentration of fluoride is identified. The most suitable methods for removal of the fluoride proposed to be adsorption on Defluoron2 and exchanging Cl- with F- by anionic resin in the study area.
S. Alipour
Abstract
Yarim-ghayeh cave, located in the border of Iran and Turkey, is hosted by the Oliogocene-Miocene limestone body. Its in and outside rough topography implies that the cave is very young and infact in the beginning stage of its formation. Overall volume is 9600 m3 with 631 ...
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Yarim-ghayeh cave, located in the border of Iran and Turkey, is hosted by the Oliogocene-Miocene limestone body. Its in and outside rough topography implies that the cave is very young and infact in the beginning stage of its formation. Overall volume is 9600 m3 with 631 m2 dry area and 4700 m3 occupied by water with 4 to 6 meters in depth. Structurally, the cave has been formed by a fault system cause a sinkhole form on the top of the cave aproximately of 10000 m2. Its water is clean and clear with pH of 7.36 and its fluorine is only 1.7 ppm compared to 4.5 ppm in Maku area. Yarimghayeh playa with an area of 5 m2 is in the close eastern part of the cave with permenant water flow. Elevation of the water surface of playa is 1414 m which is 2 m higher than the water surface of the cave (1412 m). 500 m3 water is daily pumped out without any change in water level. Since there is no any other water flowing to the cave, therefore, the playa is supplying the cave water system. The ecosystem of the cave and playa are tight together and any change in one will affect the other. To protect its water quality from contamination, access to this small scale cave must be restricted except for scientific research.