Document Type : Original Research Paper
Author
Geology Department, School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
Abstract
The Dalichai Formation in Ahvanu section in the north of Damghan city with a thickness of 78 meters consisting of an alternation of bluish-gray marls and limestone, was studied. Based on the presence and stratigraphic distribution of miospore, Klukisporites variegatus and Callialasporites dampieri of pollen are identified (Middle Jurassic) and presence of some index dinoflagellate species led to the identification of three biozones in the Dalichai Formation. These include in ascending order, Cribroperidinium crispum Total Range Biozone (late Bajocian), Dichadogonyaulax sellwoodii Interval Biozone (Bathonian - early Callovian), Ctenididinium continuum Interval Biozone (early to middle Callovian). Also, this Formation was divided into two biozone on the basis of Lenticulina varians-Ophtalmidium Assemblage zone and Globigerina bathoniana Taxon range zone. The close similarities of fauna assemblages of Dalichai Formation in this region (eastern Alborz ((dinoflagellate cyst, foraminifera, posidonia and radiolar) with assemblages recorded from different parts of Iran (such as central and eastern, western Alborz and Binalud and south of Iran) and other parts of world (northwest of Europe, and the northwestern Tethys and …) confirm the marine connection and faunal exchange between the mentioned basins during Middle Jurassic.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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Beisel, A.L., Zanin, Yu.N., Zamirailova, A.G., Lebedeva, N.K., Levchuk, L.K., Levchuk, M.A., Meledina, S.V., Nikitenko, B.L., Shurygin, B.N., and Yan., P.A. 2002. Reference section for the upper Jurassic and Callovian in northern west Siberia; Russian Geology and Geophysics. Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 811–825. (http://www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/science/publications/publ-jurassic-paleogeography-of-the-west-siberian-sedimentary-046975).
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BouDagher-Fadel, M.K., Banner, F.T., and Whittaker, J.E. 1997. Early Evolutionary History of Planktonic.Foraminifera, British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series, Chapman and Hall, 269p. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(99)80038-2.
Filatoff, J., 1975. Jurassic palynology of the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 154(1-4): 1-113.
https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/palab/detail/154/72175/Jurassic_palynology_of_the_Perth_Basin_Western_Australia
Filatoff, J., and Price P.L., 1988. A pteridacean spore lineage in the Australian Mesozoic. In: Jell, P.A. & Playford, G. (eds.): Palynological and palaeobotanical studies in honour of Basil E. Balme. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 5: 89-124.
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Kaminski, M. A., Gradstein, F. M., Berggren, W. A., Geroch, S., and Beckmann, J. P., 1988. Agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages from Trinidad: taxonomy, stratigraphy and paleobathymetry. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 41: 155–228.
Kling, S.A., 1978. Radiolaria, in Haq, B.U., and Boersma, A., eds., Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology: New York, Elsevier, p. 203-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31078-9_118.
Lentin, J.K., and Williams, G.L., 2004. Index of fossil dinoflagellates. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series 42, 909 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2018.09.003.
Liu, Z.S., 2003. Triassic and Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, NW China. Palaeon tologia Sinica 190, New Series a 14, 1–244. DOI:10.1007/s12549-017-0279-y.
Mafi, A., Ghasemi-Nejad, E., Ashouri, A., and Vahidi-Nia, M., 2013. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Upper Bajocian-Lower Oxfordian of the Dalichai Formation in Binalud Mountains (NE Iran): their biostratigraphical and biogeographical significance. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Online paper. DOI:10.1007/s12517-013-0976-4.
McKellar, J.L., 1998. Late Early to Late Jurassic palynology, biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Roma Shelf area, northwestern Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia (Including phytogeographic - palaeoclimatic implications of the Callialasporites dampieri and Microcachryidites Microfloras in the Jurassic - Early Cretaceous of Australia: an overview assessed against a background of floral change and true polar wander in the preceding late Palaeozoic - early Mesozoic). Ph.D. thesis, Brisbane (Queensland), University of Queensland, 620 p.
Poulsen, N.E., and Riding, J.B., 2003. The Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst zonation of Subboreal Northwest Europe. In: Ineson, J.R. and Surlyk, F. (eds). The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and GreenlandBulletin, 1:115-144. DOI:10.34194/geusb.v1.4650.
Riding, J.B., 1984. Dinoflagellate cyst range-top biostratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic to lowermost Cretaceous of northwest Europe. Palynology 8, 195–210. DOI:10.1080/01916122.1984.9989277.
Riding, J.B., 1987. Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Nettleton Bottom Borehole (Jurassic: Hettangian to Kimmeridgian), Lincolnshire, England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 46, 231-66.
Riding, J.B., and Thomas, J.E., 1992. Dinoflagellate cysts of the Jurassic System. In: Powell, A.J. (ed), A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts. British Micropalaeontological Society Publications Series. Chapman and Hall, London: 7-97.
Robin, C., Gorican, S., Guillocheau, F., Razin, P., Dromart, G., and Mosaffa, H., 2011. Mesozoic deep-water carbonate deposits from the southern Tethyan passive margin in Iran (Pichakun nappes, Neyriz area): biostratigraphy, facies sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, From: LETURMY, P. & ROBIN, C. (Eds) Tectonic and Stratigraphic Evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 330, 179–210. DOI:10.1144/SP330.10.
Seyed-Emami, K., 2003. Triassic in Iran. Facies. 48: 91–106. DOI:10.1007/BF02667532
Sultan, I. Z. and Solaiman, H.A., 1978. Palynostratigraphie du Bathonian – Callovian du puits no. 3 de Barga, Sinai nord, Egypte. Revue Micropalaeontologie, 20: 222- 229.
Traverse, A., 2007. Paleopalynology. Topics in Geobiology, second ed. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 813 pp.
Tripathi, A., and Ray, A., 2005. Palynostratigraphy of the Dubrajpur Formation (Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous), Rajmahal Basin, India. Palynology, 30: 133-149. https://doi.org/10.2113/gspalynol.30.1.133.
Vigran, J.O. and Thush, B., 1975. Illustration of Norwegian microfossils. Illustration and distribution of the Jurassic palynomorphs of Norway. Royal Norwegian Council of Science and Industrial Researches (NTNF), Continental shelf Division 65: 1-55.
Wever, P., Baudin, F., Azéma, J. and Fourcade, E., 1995. The Ocean Basins anil Mareins, volume 8: The Tethys Ocean, edited by A E. M. Naim et al. Plenum Press, New York. 1995. Patrick De W., Baudin, F., Azéma, J. and Fourcade, Eric. 1995. The Ocean Basins anil Mareins, volume 8: The Tethys Ocean, edited by A E. M. Naim et al. Plenum Press, New York. 1995.
https://geologie.mnhn.fr/PDW/De%20Wever%20Baudin%20Azema%201995%20Plenum.pdf.
Woollam, R., and Riding, J.B., 1983. Dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the English Jurassic. Institute of Geological Sciences Report 83/2. DOI:10.34194/geusb.v1.4650.
Wynd, J.G., 1965. Biofacies of the Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement area: Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, Report 1082, 89 pp.
Zarei, E., 2017. Palynofacies analysis and paleoenviromental interpretation of the Dalichai Formation, northeast of Semnan, Geopersia, 7(1).DOI: 10.22059/GEOPE.2017.224223.648291.
Arjang, B., 1975. Mikroflora der räto-jurassischen Ablagerungen des Kermaner Beckens (Zentral-Iran). Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 152: 85-148.
Arkell, W.J. 1956. Jurassic Geology of the world. . 806 pp.; Edinburgh (Oliver and Boyd)( https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/jurassic-geology-of-the-world-by-w-j-arkell-1956-oliver-and-boyd-edinburgh-pp-806-28-tables-102-textfigures-46-plates-price-5-5s/F6765A0F71B5891469D2413FD9399D67).
Batten, D.J., and Koppelhus, E., 1996. Biostratigraphic significance of uppermost Triassic and Jurassic miospores in Northwest Europe; In: J. Jansonius and D.C. Mc. Gregor (eds.), Palynology: Principles and Applications. -American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation 2,795-806.
Beisel, A.L., Zanin, Yu.N., Zamirailova, A.G., Lebedeva, N.K., Levchuk, L.K., Levchuk, M.A., Meledina, S.V., Nikitenko, B.L., Shurygin, B.N., and Yan., P.A. 2002. Reference section for the upper Jurassic and Callovian in northern west Siberia; Russian Geology and Geophysics. Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 811–825. (http://www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/science/publications/publ-jurassic-paleogeography-of-the-west-siberian-sedimentary-046975).
Bellen, R.C. VAN, Dunnington, H.V., Wetzei, R., and Morton, D, M., 1960. Lexique stratigraphique international. 3. Asie. Fascicule 10 a, Iraq. Paris.
BouDagher-Fadel, M.K., Banner, F.T., and Whittaker, J.E. 1997. Early Evolutionary History of Planktonic.Foraminifera, British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series, Chapman and Hall, 269p. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(99)80038-2.
Filatoff, J., 1975. Jurassic palynology of the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 154(1-4): 1-113.
https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/palab/detail/154/72175/Jurassic_palynology_of_the_Perth_Basin_Western_Australia
Filatoff, J., and Price P.L., 1988. A pteridacean spore lineage in the Australian Mesozoic. In: Jell, P.A. & Playford, G. (eds.): Palynological and palaeobotanical studies in honour of Basil E. Balme. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 5: 89-124.
Jefferies, R.P.S., and Minton, P., 1965. The mode of life of two Jurassic species of Posidonia (Bivalvia). Palaeontology 8(1):156-185. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/permissions/
Hallam, A., 1978. Eustatic cycles in the Jurassic. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 23, 1–32.Haug, E., 1892. Les chaines subalpines entre gap at Digne. Bull.Carte geol. Fr. 3(21), 1-197, pl. 1-4, 1907, Traite de geologie, 1.paris.
Helby, R., Morgan, R., and Partridge A.D., 1987. A palynological zonation of the Australian Mesozoic. In: Jell, P.A. (ed): Studies in Australian Mesozoic palynology. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, Memoir, 4: 1-94.
Ghasemi-Nejad, E., Sabbaghiyan, H., and Mosaddegh, H., 2012. Paleobiogeographic implications of late Bajocian-late Callovian (Middle Jurassic) dinoflagellate cysts from the Central Alborz Mountain, northern Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 43: 1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.08.006.
Kalantari, A., 1969. Foraminifera from the middle Jurassic-Cretaceous successions of KopperDagh region (N.E. IRAN). National Iranian Oil Company, Publication no.3.298p.
Kaminski, M. A., Gradstein, F. M., Berggren, W. A., Geroch, S., and Beckmann, J. P., 1988. Agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages from Trinidad: taxonomy, stratigraphy and paleobathymetry. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 41: 155–228.
Kling, S.A., 1978. Radiolaria, in Haq, B.U., and Boersma, A., eds., Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology: New York, Elsevier, p. 203-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31078-9_118.
Lentin, J.K., and Williams, G.L., 2004. Index of fossil dinoflagellates. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series 42, 909 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2018.09.003.
Liu, Z.S., 2003. Triassic and Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, NW China. Palaeon tologia Sinica 190, New Series a 14, 1–244. DOI:10.1007/s12549-017-0279-y.
Mafi, A., Ghasemi-Nejad, E., Ashouri, A., and Vahidi-Nia, M., 2013. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Upper Bajocian-Lower Oxfordian of the Dalichai Formation in Binalud Mountains (NE Iran): their biostratigraphical and biogeographical significance. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Online paper. DOI:10.1007/s12517-013-0976-4.
McKellar, J.L., 1998. Late Early to Late Jurassic palynology, biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Roma Shelf area, northwestern Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia (Including phytogeographic - palaeoclimatic implications of the Callialasporites dampieri and Microcachryidites Microfloras in the Jurassic - Early Cretaceous of Australia: an overview assessed against a background of floral change and true polar wander in the preceding late Palaeozoic - early Mesozoic). Ph.D. thesis, Brisbane (Queensland), University of Queensland, 620 p.
Poulsen, N.E., and Riding, J.B., 2003. The Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst zonation of Subboreal Northwest Europe. In: Ineson, J.R. and Surlyk, F. (eds). The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and GreenlandBulletin, 1:115-144. DOI:10.34194/geusb.v1.4650.
Riding, J.B., 1984. Dinoflagellate cyst range-top biostratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic to lowermost Cretaceous of northwest Europe. Palynology 8, 195–210. DOI:10.1080/01916122.1984.9989277.
Riding, J.B., 1987. Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Nettleton Bottom Borehole (Jurassic: Hettangian to Kimmeridgian), Lincolnshire, England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 46, 231-66.
Riding, J.B., and Thomas, J.E., 1992. Dinoflagellate cysts of the Jurassic System. In: Powell, A.J. (ed), A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts. British Micropalaeontological Society Publications Series. Chapman and Hall, London: 7-97.
Robin, C., Gorican, S., Guillocheau, F., Razin, P., Dromart, G., and Mosaffa, H., 2011. Mesozoic deep-water carbonate deposits from the southern Tethyan passive margin in Iran (Pichakun nappes, Neyriz area): biostratigraphy, facies sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, From: LETURMY, P. & ROBIN, C. (Eds) Tectonic and Stratigraphic Evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 330, 179–210. DOI:10.1144/SP330.10.
Seyed-Emami, K., 2003. Triassic in Iran. Facies. 48: 91–106. DOI:10.1007/BF02667532
Sultan, I. Z. and Solaiman, H.A., 1978. Palynostratigraphie du Bathonian – Callovian du puits no. 3 de Barga, Sinai nord, Egypte. Revue Micropalaeontologie, 20: 222- 229.
Traverse, A., 2007. Paleopalynology. Topics in Geobiology, second ed. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 813 pp.
Tripathi, A., and Ray, A., 2005. Palynostratigraphy of the Dubrajpur Formation (Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous), Rajmahal Basin, India. Palynology, 30: 133-149. https://doi.org/10.2113/gspalynol.30.1.133.
Vigran, J.O. and Thush, B., 1975. Illustration of Norwegian microfossils. Illustration and distribution of the Jurassic palynomorphs of Norway. Royal Norwegian Council of Science and Industrial Researches (NTNF), Continental shelf Division 65: 1-55.
Wever, P., Baudin, F., Azéma, J. and Fourcade, E., 1995. The Ocean Basins anil Mareins, volume 8: The Tethys Ocean, edited by A E. M. Naim et al. Plenum Press, New York. 1995. Patrick De W., Baudin, F., Azéma, J. and Fourcade, Eric. 1995. The Ocean Basins anil Mareins, volume 8: The Tethys Ocean, edited by A E. M. Naim et al. Plenum Press, New York. 1995.
https://geologie.mnhn.fr/PDW/De%20Wever%20Baudin%20Azema%201995%20Plenum.pdf.
Woollam, R., and Riding, J.B., 1983. Dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the English Jurassic. Institute of Geological Sciences Report 83/2. DOI:10.34194/geusb.v1.4650.
Wynd, J.G., 1965. Biofacies of the Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement area: Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, Report 1082, 89 pp.
Zarei, E., 2017. Palynofacies analysis and paleoenviromental interpretation of the Dalichai Formation, northeast of Semnan, Geopersia, 7(1).DOI: 10.22059/GEOPE.2017.224223.648291.
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