فصلنامه علمی علوم زمین

فصلنامه علمی علوم زمین

تصویر روند خطوط هم‌ستبرای تریاس پرمین و کربونیفر از عربستان- سراسر خلیج فارس - به سوی ایران و پیشنهاد جابه‌جایی چپبر زمان پرمین در راستای ابر گسله زاگرس

نویسنده
مشاوران بین‌المللی زمین‌شناسی، دالاس، تگزاس، آمریکا
چکیده
در این بررسی تلفیقی از خطوط هم‌ستیرا (نازک و ستبر) در تریاس، سازند خاف پرمین بالا و پرمو- کربونیفر در سراسر خاورمیانه صورت گرفته است (شکل ۱). خطوط هم‌ستبرا در شبه جزیره عربستان می‌تواند به سوی سواحل ایران با دقت بالایی نشان داده شود. این خطوط از این سو به آن سوی ابر گسله زاگرس یا زمیندرز زاگرس، با داده‌های موجود از خطوط هم‌ستبرا در گستره خلیج فارس سازگاری ندارد.
برپایه نقشه‌هایی که ویژگی‌های جغرافیایی لایههای چینخورده و گسلیده را پس از بازسازی دوباره (Palinspastic map) نشان می‌دهند با در نظر گرفتن نزدیک ٤٦٥ کیلومتر جابه‌جایی چیبر پرمین در راستای ابر گسله زاگرس، رسوبات پرمین دوسوی گسله از دیدگاه ستبرا و روند رخسارهها مطابقت خواهند داشت.
جابهجایی چپبر پیشنهادی در تضاد با دیدگاههای موجود در زمینه حرکت راستالغزی است که از ترسیر پسین تا عهد حاضر در گستره زاگرس پیشنهاد شده است (1989 Beydoun و بسیاری از دیگر پژوهشگران).
موضوعات

Abbas, M. J., 1983, Bouguer Gravity Map of Iraq, Directorate of Gen. Geol. Survey and Minerals Investigations, Baghdad.
Agar, R., 1987, The Najd fault system revisited; a two- way strike- slip orogen in the Saudi Arabian Shield, Jour. Structural Geol., Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 41-48.
Al- Ani, A. A., 1975, The Geology and Structure of Buzurgan Field, Southeast Iraq, 9th Arab petroleum Congress, Dubai, pager No. 122 (B-3), p. 1-8.
Ala, M. A. and B. J. Moss, 1979, Comparative petroleum Geology of Southeast Turkey and Northeast Syria, Jour. Petrol. Geol., Vol. 1,no. 4, p. 3-27.
Al- Rawi, M. M., 1981, Geological Interpretation of Oil Entrapment in the Zubair Formation, Raudhatain Field, Soc. petrol. Eng., Middle East Oil Techn. Conference, Bahrain, p. 149-158.
Alsharhan, A., and Kendall, C., 1986, Precambrian to Jurassic rocks of Arabian Gulf and Adjacent Areas: Their Facies, Depositional Setting, and Hydrocarbon Habitat, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol., Vol. 70, no. 8, p. 977- 1002.
Altiner, D., 1989, An Example for the Tectonic Evolution of the Arabian platform Margin (SE Anatolia) During Mesozoic, in A. M. C. Sengor, ed, Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region, NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Acad. publish., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Berberian, M., and G. C. King, 1981, Towards a Paleogeography and Tectonic evolution of Iran, Canad. Jour. Earth Sci., Vol. 18, p. 210-265.
Beydoun, Z. R., 1981, Some open questions relating to the petroleum prospects of Lebanon, Jour. Petrol. Geol., Vol. 3, no. 3, P. 303-314.5
Beydoun, A. R., 1988, The Middle East: Regional geology and petroleum resources, Scientific Press, Ltd. (U.K.), 292 p.
Beydoun, Z. R., 1989, Hydrocarbon potential of the deep (pre- Mesozoic) Formations in the Middle East Arab countries, Org. Arab petrol. Export. Countries, Tech. papers Presented at Seminar in Abu Dhabi on Deep Formations in the Arab Countries, p. 31-84.
Bishlawy, S. H., 1985, geology and hydrocarbon occurrence of the Khuff Formation in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E., Soc. Petrol. Eng., 4th Middle East Oil Show, Proceedings, p. 9-24.
Bordenave, M. L., and R. Burwood, 1990, Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros Orogenic Belt: provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan Reservoir Oil Accumulations, Organic Geochem. Vol. 16, nos. 1-3, Cp. 369-387.
Bou- Rabee, F. A., 1986, The geology and Geophysics of Kuwait, Univ. S. Carolina, ph. D. Dissertation, 150 p.
Braud, J. and L.- E. Ricou, 1971, L'accident du Zagros ou Main Thrust, un charriage et un coulissement, Comptes rendus Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 272, Ser. D, p. 203-206.
Brinkman, R., 1976, geology of Turkey, 158 p., Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Brown, G. F., 1972, Tectonic Map of the Arabian Peninsula, Scale 1:4,000,000, U. S. Geological Survey Map Ap- 2.
Buday, T., 1980, The Regional Geology of Iraq, State Organization for Minerals, Baghdad, vol. 1, and vol. 2, 1987 (with I. M. Kassab, M. J. Abbas, and S. Z. Jassim).
Christian, L. B., 1991, Subsurface geology of Turkey- Syria- Iraq border area, Private Consultant's Report, 95 pages, 40 maps.
Cline, R. B., 1989, Notes from paper "Thayem Field Discovery: Syria's Euphrates Graben", delivered at Houston Geol. Soc. International Expl. Meeting in Houston, 17 May 1989.
Dean, W. T., and O. Monod, 1990, Revised stratigraphy and relation- ships of Lower Palaeozoic rocks, eastern Taurus Mountains, south central Turkey, Geol. Mag., vol. 127, mo. 4, p. 333-347.
Demidov, V. A., 1981, Osobyennosti Formirovaniya Struktur Mesopotamskovo Progiba i sklina Arabiskoi plit, Mosk. O- VA Ispytatyelyei prirody OTD Geol., vol. 56, no. 3, p. 45- 48 (in Russian).
Dominguez, Jose R., 1965, Offshore Fields of Qatar, Fifth Arab Petroleum Congress, paper 57 (B-1), 37 p.
Dubertret, L., 1966, Liban, Syrie et bordure des pays voisins, Notes Mem. Moyen Orient, vol. 8, p. 251-358, Paris.
Dubertret, L., 1967, Remarques sur le fosse de la mer morte et ses prolongements au nord jusqu'au Taurus, Revue de
Geog. Physique et de Geol. Dynamique, vol. 9, fasc. 1, p. 3-16.
Edgell, H. S., 1977, The Permian System as an Oil and Gas Reservoir in Iran, Iraq and Arabia, The Iranian petroleum Institute, Proceedings of the Second Geol. Symposium of Iran, Teheran, p. 160- 195.
Edgell, H. S., 1989, Geological framework of Saudi Arabia ground- water resources, Ist Saudi Symposium on Earth Sci., Jeddah, J. K. A. U., Earth Sci., vol. 3, p. 267-286.
Falcon, N. L., 1969, Problems of the relationship between surface structure and deep displacements illustrated by the Zagros Range, In Time and place in Orogeny, p. 9-25, Geol. Soc. London.
Freud, R., Z. Garfunkle, I. Zak, M. Goldberg, T. Weissbrod, and B. Derin, 1970, The Shear Along the Dead Sea Rift, phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A. 267, p. 107-130.
Gidon, M., F. Berthier, J. Billiault, B. Halbronn, and p. Maurizot, 1974, Sur les caracteres et l'Ampleur du Coulissement de la "Main Fault" dans la region de Borujerd- Dorud (Zagros Orientale, Iran), Comptes rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie D, vol. 278, p. 421-424.
Gvirtzman, G. and T. Weissbrod, 1984, The Hercynian Geanticline of Helez and the Late Palaeozoic history of the Levant, in the Geol. Evol. of East. Medit., ed. J. E. Dixon and A. H. F. Robertson, Geol. Soc. London, p. 177- 186.
Haynes, S. J. and H. McQuillan, 1974, Evolution of the Zagros Suture Zone, Southern Iran, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., vol. 85. p. 739-744.
Husseini, M. I., 1988, The Arabian infracambrian Extensional System, Tectonophysics, vol. 148, p. 93- 103.
Husseini, M. I., 1991, Tectonic and depositional model of the Arabian and adjoining plates during the Silurian- Devonian, Bull. Amer. Ass. petrol. Geol., vol. 75, no. 1, p. 108- 120.
Ibrahim, M. W., 1983, Petroleum geology. of Southern Iraq, Bull. Amer. Ass. petrol. Geol. vol. 67, p. 97- 130.
Ibrahim, M. W., 1984, Geothermal gradients and geothermal Oil generation in Southern Iraq: A preliminary Investigation, Jour. Petrol. Geol., vol. 7, no. i, p. 77-86.
Jackson, J. and D. McKenzie, 1988, The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East, Geoph. Jour., vol. 93, p. 45-73.
Karig, D. E. and H. Kozlu, 1990, Late Palaeogene- Neogene evolution of the triple junction region near Maras, south- central Turkey, Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 147, p. 1023- 1034.
Kashfi, M. S., 1985, The Pre- Zargros Integrity of the Iranian Platform, Jour. Petrol. Geol., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 353-360.
Kashfi, M. S., 1988, Evidence for Non- Collision Geology in the Middle East, Jour. Petrol. Geol. vol. 11, no. 4, p. 443.
Kassler, p., 1973, The Structural and Geomorphic evolution of the Persian Gulf, In Purser, B. H., The Persian Gulf, Springer-Verlag, p. 11-32.
Koop, W. J., and R. Stoneley, 1982, Subsidence History of the Middle East Zagros Basin, Permian to Recent, phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A 305, p. 149-168.
Laboun, A. A., 1986, Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon potential of the Paleozoic succession in both Tabuk and Widyan Basins, Arabia, In M. T. Halbouty, ed., Future Petroleum Provinces of the World, Amer. Ass. petrol. Geol., Mem. 40, p. 373-397.
Laboun, A. A., 1987, Unayzah Formation: A New Permian- Carboniferous Unit in Saudi Arabia, Amer.Assoc. petrol. Geol. Bull., vol. 71, no. I, p. 29-38.
Laboun, A. A., 1988, The Distribution of Carboniferous- Permian siliciclastic rocks in the Greater Arabian Basin, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 100, p. 362-373.
Le Nindre, Y.-M., J. Manivit, and D. Vaslet, 1990, Geodynamique et Paleogeographie de la Plate- Form Arabe du Permien au Jurassique, Document du BRGM no. 192, Histoire Geologique de la Bordure Occidentale de la Plate-Forme Arabe, Vol. 2, 273 p., Orleans, France.
Lippard, S. J., A. W. Shelton and I. G. Glass, 1986, The Ophiolite of Northern Oman, Geol. Soc. of London, Memoir No. II, Fig. 14.
Livaccari, R. F., and I. S. Merin, 1986, Hydrocarbon Exploration within Southeastern Turkey using Landsat Imagery, Oil and Gas Jour., Jan. 20, 1986, p. 88-93.
Loutfi, G. and S. El Bishlawy, 1989, Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the deep Paleozoic sequence in Abu Dhabi, Org. Arab. Petrol. Export. Countries, Techn. Papers Presented at Abu Dhabi Seminar on Deep Formations in the Arab Countries, p. 87- 129.
Loutfi, F. and A. Jaber, 1970, Geology of the Upper Albian- Campanian Succession in the Kuwait- Saudi Arabia- Neutral Zone, Offshore Area, Seventh Arab Petrol. Congress, Kuwait, Paper 62 (B-3).
Loutfi, G. and M. M. Abdel Sattar, 1987, Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Triassic succession in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E., Soc. Petrol. Eng., 5th Middle East Oil Show, Bahrain, Proceedings, p. 717-735.
Lovelock, P. E. R., 1984, A review of the tectonics of the northern Middle East region, Geol. Mag., vol. 121, no. 6, p. 577-587.
Mattes, B. W., & S. Conway Morris, 1990, Carbonate/evaporite deposition in the Late Precambrian- Early Cambrian
Ara Formation of Southern Oman, In Robertson, A. H. F., Searle, M. P. & Ries, A. C. (eds), The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region, Geological Society Special Publication No. 49, p. 617-636.
McBride, J. H., M. Barazangi, J. Best, D. Al- Saad, T. Sawaf, M. Al- Otri, and A. Gebron, 1990, Seismic Reflection Structure of Intracratonic Palmyride Fold-Thrust Belt and Surrounding Platform, Syria, Bull. Amer. Ass. petrol. Geol., vol. 74, no. 3, p. 238- 258.
Metwealli, M. H., G. Philip, and M. Moussly, 1974, Petroleum- Bearing Formations in Northeastern Syria and Northern Iraq, Bull. Amer. Ass. petrol. Geol., vol. 58, no. 9, p. 1781- 1796.
Ministry of Geology, U. S. S. R., 1984, Gravimetric Map of Africa- Middle East, Sheet 3, scale 1:5,000,000, Moscow.
Murris, R. J., 1978, Middle East: Stratigraphic Evolution and Oil Habitat, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Vol. 64, p. 597- 618.
Murris, R. J., 1980, Hydrocarbon habitat of the Middle East, Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol., Memoir 6, Facts and Principles of World Petroleum Occurrence, ed. Andrew D. Miall, Toronto.
Oil and Gas Jour., 1991, Aug. 12 issue, p. 36, Wall Street Journ., New York Times, etc. (1990-1991), reports on Paleozoic oil discoveries in Saudi Arabia.
Ponikarov, V. P., et. al., 1967, The Geology of Syria, U. S. S. R. Mission in Syria.
Powers, R. W., Ramirez, Redmond and Elberg, 1966, Sedimentary Geology of Saudi Arabia, U. S. G. S. Profes. Paper 560-D.
Rigassi, D., 1971, Petroleum Geology of Turkey, in Geol. and History of Turkey, Petrol. Expl. Soc. Libya, Angus Campbell, ed., p. 453- 482.
Rogo de Righi, M., and A. Cortesini, 1964, Gravity Tectonics in foothills structure belt of southeast Turkey, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol., Vol. 48, P. 1911-1937.
Schlumberger, 1976, Well Evaluation Conference, Iran, Chap. I, p. 9-25 (by A. Afshar, M. Eshghi and K. Odouli). Schlumberger, 1975, Well Evaluation Conference, Saudi Arabia, Chapt. I, p. 9-25 (by Arabian American Oil Co).
Schmidt, G. C., 1964, A review of Permian and Mesozoic formations exposed near the Turdey/ Iraq border at Harbol, Bull. Min. Research and Expl. Inst. Turkey, No. 62, p. 103- 118.
Sengor, A. M. C., N. Gorur, and F. Saroglu, 1985, Strike-slip faulting and related basin Formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study, S. E. P. M., p. 227-264.
Sengor, A. M. C., 1990, A new model for the late Paleozoic - Mesozoic- tectonic evolution of Iran and implications for Oman, In Robertson, A. H. F., Searle, M. P. & Ries, A. C. (eds), The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region, Geological Society Special Publication No. 49, p. 797-831. cibeli al
Setudehnia, A., 1978, The Mesozoic sequence in south-west Iran and adjacent areas, Jour. Petrol. Geol., vol. I, no. 1, P. 3-42.
Snyder, D. B., and M. Barazangi, 1986, Deep crustal structure and flexure of the Arabian Plate beneath the Zagros collisional mountain belt as Inferred from gravity observations, Tectonics, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 361-373.
Spaargaren, F. A., 1987, Geological Map of Iraq and Southwestern Iran, 1:1,000,000 scale, Robertson Research Corp.
Stocklin, J., 1968, Structural History and Tectonics of Iran: A Review, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., vol. 52, no. 7, p. 1229- 1258.
Stocklin, J., 1974, Possible ancient continental margins in Iran, In the geology of continental margins, ed. C. A. Burk and C. L. Drake, Springer-Verlag, p. 873-887.
Szabo, F. and A. Kheradpir, 1978, Permian and Triassic stratigraphy, Zagros basin, south-west Iran, Jour. Petrol. Geol., vol. I, no. 2, p. 57-82.
Tchalenko, J. S. and J. Braud, 1974, Seismicity and Structure of the Zagros (Iran): The Main Recent Fault Between 33 and 350N, Royal Soc. London, Transactions, vol. 277, A. 1262, 25 p.
Temple, P. G. and L. J. Perry, 1962, Geology and oil occurrence in southeast Turkey, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol., vol. 46, no. 9, p. 1596-1612.
United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East, 1963, Case Histories of Oil and Gas Fields in Asia and the Far East, Mineral Resources Development Series, no. 20, p. 118, Bangkok.
Vaslet, D., 1990, Le Paleozoique (Ante- Permien superieur) D'Arabie Saoudite, Document du BRGM no. 191, Histoire Geologique de la Bordure Occidentale de la Plate- Forme Arabe, Vol. I., 209 p., Orleans, France.
Warsi, W. E. K., 1990, Gravity field of Kuwait and its relevance to major geological structures, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., vol. 74, no. 10, p. 1610-1622.
Weber, H., 1963, Ergebnisse erdolgeologischer aufschlussarbeiten der DEA in Nordost- Syrien, Erdol und Kohle, vol. 16, p. 669-682.
Wellman, H., 1966, Active Wrench Faults of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Geol. Rundsch., vol. 55, no. 3, p. 716-735.
Wolfart, R., 1967, Geologie von Syrien und dem Libanon, in Beitrage Zur Regionalen Geologie der Erde, Berlin.
Wolfart, R., 1981, Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Middle East, p. 1- 129, C. H. Holland, ed., Dublin.
Youash, Y. Y., and A. Naoum, 1970, General geology of Sinjar area, Univ. of Baghdad, Bull., Col. of Sci., vol. 11, p. 136-150.
دوره 3، شماره 11
بهار 1373، سال سوم، شماره 11
تابستان 1373
صفحه 63-79