نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زمین شناسی،دانشکده علوم زمین،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
5 گروه معدن، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشگاه امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
چکیده
محدوده گدارسرخ در مرکز پهنه سنندج- سیرجان،20 کیلومتری جنوب باختری موته واقع شده است. کانی‌سازی طلا در محدوده گدار سرخ، در رگه‌های کوارتز- سولفید رخ داده است. واحدهای سنگی میکا شیست،کالک شیست، فیلیت، اسلیت و واحدهای کربناته دگرگون شده با سن پالئوزییک است. مجموعه سنگی در مراحل مختلف دگرشکلی، نظم اولیه خود را از دست داده و فابریک‌های جدیدی را نشان می دهند. دگرشکلی به شکل پهنه‌های برشی شکل‌پذیر- شکنا دیده می شود.کانه‌زایی در مجاورت شکستگی ها و گسل های عادی با روندN45W رخ داده است،که به صورت ساختاری کنترل شده است.کانی‌شناسی شامل پیریت، کالکوپیریت، گالن، اسفالریت وکانی های ثانویه کوولیت و اکسیدهای آهن است. طلا به صورت آزاد در حاشیه کانی های سولفیدی دگرسان شده دیده شد، افزون بر آن مطالعات میکروسکوپی الکترونی نشان‌دهنده طلا به صورت درگیر در شبکه کانی های سولفیدی است. از مهمترین دگرسانی های حاضر می توان به دگرسانی سریسیتی، کربناتی، کلریتی و سیلیسی اشاره کرد. مطالعات میانبارهای سیال در رگه‌های کوارتز کانه‌دار بیانگر ترکیب NaCl+CO2+H2O و شوری بین 9 - 17 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام است. میانگین دامنه دمای همگن شدن بین °c 300 تا 275 است. مقادیر δ34S درکانی پیریت بین 5+ و 16- ‰ و مقادیر δ18O درکانی کوارتز بین 7/12 و 3/14 ‰ است. نسبت‌های ایزوتوپی محاسبه شده اکسیژن سیال بین4/6 و 3/7 ‰ و مقادیر δ34S سیال بین 3/17 - و 2/4+ ‰ قرار می گیرد. با توجه به شواهد زمین‌شناسی، مطالعات میانبار های سیال و ایزوتوپ‌های پایدار کانی‌زایی طلا در محدوده گدارسرخ قابل مقایسه با کانسارهای طلای کوهزایی است که در اثر اختلاط سیالات با شوری و دمای متفاوت رخ داده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
گزارش نقشه زمین‌شناسی 1:5000محدوده گلپایگان واقع در استان اصفهان، 1395، شرکت تهیه و تولید مواد معدنی ایران.
علی‌یاری، ف.، 1390، عوامل کنترل‌کننده، سن، ژنز و تیپ کانه‌زایی در کانسار طلای زرترشت، جنوب غرب جیرفت، سنندج - سیرجان جنوبی، پایان‌نامه دکترا، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 505 ص.
رشیدنژاد عمران، ن.، 1381، پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی سنگ‌های متاولکانوسدیمنتری و پلوتونیک منطقه موته (جنوب دلیجان، با نگرشی ویژه به خاستگاه کانی‌سازی طلا)، پایان‌نامه دکترا، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 436 ص.
علی‌یاری، ف.، 1390، عوامل کنترل‌کننده، سن، ژنز و تیپ کانه‌زایی در کانسار طلای زرترشت، جنوب غرب جیرفت، سنندج - سیرجان جنوبی، پایان‌نامه دکترا، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 505 ص.
رشیدنژاد عمران، ن.، 1381، پترولوژی و ژئوشیمی سنگ‌های متاولکانوسدیمنتری و پلوتونیک منطقه موته (جنوب دلیجان، با نگرشی ویژه به خاستگاه کانی‌سازی طلا)، پایان‌نامه دکترا، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 436 ص.
Abdollahi, M. J., Karimpour, M. H., Kheradmand, A., and Zarasvandi, A. R., 2009. Stable isotopes (O, H, and S) in the Muteh gold deposit, Golpaygan area, Iran. Natural Resources Research, 18(2): 137– 151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9103-3.
Aliyari, F., Rastad, E., and Mohajjel, M., 2012. Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion- Related Gold Systems. Resource Geology, 62(3): 296-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00196.x.
Asadi, S., Niroomand, S., and Moore, F., 2018. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope geochemistry of the orogenic–type Zinvinjian Cu–Pb–Zn–Au deposit in the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, Northwest Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 184, pp.82-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.10.013.
Bierlein, F. P., and Crowe, D. E., 2000. Phanerozoic orogenic lode gold deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 103-139. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.13.03.
Brown, P.E., Lamb, W.M., 1989. P-V-T properties of fluids in the system H2O+CO2+NaCI: New graphicapresentations and implications for fl uid inclusion studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53 1209-1221.
Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y. J., and Baker, M., 2012. Isotopic geochemistry of the Sawayaerdun orogenic-type gold deposit, Tianshan, northwest China: implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration. Chemical Geology, 310, pp.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.03.026.
Craw, D. and Campbell, J.R., 2004. Tectonic and structural setting for active mesothermal gold vein systems, Southern Alps, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology, 26(6-7), pp.995-1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.012
Craw, D., MacKenzie, D. J., Pitcairn, I. K., Teagle, D. A. H., and Norris, R. J., 2007. Geochemical signatures of mesothermal Au-mineralized late-metamorphic deformation zones, Otago Schist, New Zealand. Geochemistry: exploration, environment, analysis, 7(3), pp.225-232. https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-137.
Diamond, L.W., 2003. Glossary: Terms and symbols used in fluid inclusion studies. In: Samson, I., Anderson, A., Marshall, D. (Eds.), Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Mineral Association of Canada, Quebec, pp. 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-004-0411-6.
Dubinina, E.O., Baskina, V.A., and Avdeenko, A.S., 2011. Nature of ore–forming fluids of the Dal’negorsk deposit: Isotopic and geochemical parameters of the altered host rocks. Geol. Ore Deposit 53, 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1134/S107570151101003X.
Ghasemi, A., and Talbot, C. J., 2006. A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 26(6), 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.01.003.
Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I., and Gardoll, S., 2001. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geol. Rev. 18, 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6.
Goldfarb, R.J., Ayuso, R., Miller, M.L., Ebert, S.W., Marsh, E.E., Petsel, S.A., Miller, L.D., Bradley, D., Johnson, C., and McClelland, W., 2004. The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation. Economic Geology, 99(4), pp.643-671. https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.643.
Goldfarb, R. J., Baker, T., Dube, B., Groves, D.I., Hart, C.J.R., and Gosselin, P., 2005. Distribution, character and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. Econ. Geol. 100, 407-450. https://doi.org/10.5382/AV100.14.
Goldfarb, R. J., and Groves, D. I., 2015. Orogenic gold: Common or evolving fluid and metal sources through time. Lithos, 233: 2-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.07.011.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann, S.G., and Robert, F., 1998. Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews. 13(1-5): 7- 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00012-7.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Robert, F., and Hart, C.J.R., 2003. Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research and exploration significance. Economic Geology. 98(1): 1- 29. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.1.1.
Groves, D. I., and Santosh, M., 2016. The giant Jiaodong gold province: the key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits? Geoscience Frontiers, 7(3): 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.08.002.
Hass, J. L., 1971. The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure, Economic Geology, 66(6), pp 940-946. DOI: 10.2113/ gsecongeo.66.6.940.
Hodkiewicz, P.F., Groves, D.I., Davidson, G.I., Weinberg, R.F., and Hagemann, S.G., 2009. Influence of structural setting on sulphur isotopes in Archean orogenic gold deposits, Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn, Western Australia. Miner Deposita. 44, 129– 150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0211-5.
Hoefs, J., 2015. Theoretical and experimental principles. In Stable isotope geochemistry (pp. 1-46). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70708-0-1.
Kerrich, R., and Wyman, D., 1990. Geodynamic setting of mesothermal gold deposits: an association with accretionary tectonic regimes. Geology 18, 882–885. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0882:GSOMGD>2.3.CO;2.
Kouhestani, H., Rastad, E., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., and Mohajjel, M., 2006. Gold Mineralization in Chah-Bagh Ductile-Brittle Shear Zones, Muteh Mining District, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, 60(15): 142-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2009.57851.
Kouhestani, H., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., Rastad, E., Mohajjel, M., Goldfarb, R.J., and Ghaderi, M., 2014. Orogenic gold mineralization at the Chah Bagh deposit, Muteh gold district, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 91: 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.04.027.
Kreuzer, O.P., 2005. Intrusion-hosted mineralization in the Charters Towers Goldfield, North Queensland: new isotopic and fluid inclusion constraints on the timing and origin of the auriferous veins. Economic Geology, 100(8), pp.1583-1603. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.8.1583.
Méheut, M., Lazzeri, M., Balan, E., and Mauri, F., 2007. Equilibrium isotopic fractionation in the kaolinite, quartz, water system: Prediction from first-principles density-functional theory. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(13), pp.3170-3181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.012.
McCuaig, C., and Kerrich, R., 1998. P-T-t-Deformation-Fluid Characteristics of Lode Gold Deposits: Evidence from Alteration Systematics. Ore Geology Reviews, 12, 381-453.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368 (98)00010-9.
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C.L., and Sahandi, M.R., 2003. Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj–Sirjan zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21(4): 397-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120 (02)00035-4.
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Niroomand, Sh., Goldfarb, R.J., Moore, F., Mohajjel, M., and Marsh, E.E., 2011. The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran. Mineralium Deposita. 46, 409– 428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-011-0335-x.
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Asadi, S., Niroomand, S., and Moore, F., 2018. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope geochemistry of the orogenic–type Zinvinjian Cu–Pb–Zn–Au deposit in the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, Northwest Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 184, pp.82-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.10.013.
Bierlein, F. P., and Crowe, D. E., 2000. Phanerozoic orogenic lode gold deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 103-139. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.13.03.
Brown, P.E., Lamb, W.M., 1989. P-V-T properties of fluids in the system H2O+CO2+NaCI: New graphicapresentations and implications for fl uid inclusion studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53 1209-1221.
Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y. J., and Baker, M., 2012. Isotopic geochemistry of the Sawayaerdun orogenic-type gold deposit, Tianshan, northwest China: implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration. Chemical Geology, 310, pp.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.03.026.
Craw, D. and Campbell, J.R., 2004. Tectonic and structural setting for active mesothermal gold vein systems, Southern Alps, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology, 26(6-7), pp.995-1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2003.11.012
Craw, D., MacKenzie, D. J., Pitcairn, I. K., Teagle, D. A. H., and Norris, R. J., 2007. Geochemical signatures of mesothermal Au-mineralized late-metamorphic deformation zones, Otago Schist, New Zealand. Geochemistry: exploration, environment, analysis, 7(3), pp.225-232. https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-137.
Diamond, L.W., 2003. Glossary: Terms and symbols used in fluid inclusion studies. In: Samson, I., Anderson, A., Marshall, D. (Eds.), Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Mineral Association of Canada, Quebec, pp. 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-004-0411-6.
Dubinina, E.O., Baskina, V.A., and Avdeenko, A.S., 2011. Nature of ore–forming fluids of the Dal’negorsk deposit: Isotopic and geochemical parameters of the altered host rocks. Geol. Ore Deposit 53, 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1134/S107570151101003X.
Ghasemi, A., and Talbot, C. J., 2006. A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 26(6), 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.01.003.
Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I., and Gardoll, S., 2001. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geol. Rev. 18, 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6.
Goldfarb, R.J., Ayuso, R., Miller, M.L., Ebert, S.W., Marsh, E.E., Petsel, S.A., Miller, L.D., Bradley, D., Johnson, C., and McClelland, W., 2004. The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation. Economic Geology, 99(4), pp.643-671. https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.643.
Goldfarb, R. J., Baker, T., Dube, B., Groves, D.I., Hart, C.J.R., and Gosselin, P., 2005. Distribution, character and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. Econ. Geol. 100, 407-450. https://doi.org/10.5382/AV100.14.
Goldfarb, R. J., and Groves, D. I., 2015. Orogenic gold: Common or evolving fluid and metal sources through time. Lithos, 233: 2-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.07.011.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann, S.G., and Robert, F., 1998. Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews. 13(1-5): 7- 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00012-7.
Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Robert, F., and Hart, C.J.R., 2003. Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research and exploration significance. Economic Geology. 98(1): 1- 29. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.1.1.
Groves, D. I., and Santosh, M., 2016. The giant Jiaodong gold province: the key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits? Geoscience Frontiers, 7(3): 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.08.002.
Hass, J. L., 1971. The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure, Economic Geology, 66(6), pp 940-946. DOI: 10.2113/ gsecongeo.66.6.940.
Hodkiewicz, P.F., Groves, D.I., Davidson, G.I., Weinberg, R.F., and Hagemann, S.G., 2009. Influence of structural setting on sulphur isotopes in Archean orogenic gold deposits, Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn, Western Australia. Miner Deposita. 44, 129– 150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0211-5.
Hoefs, J., 2015. Theoretical and experimental principles. In Stable isotope geochemistry (pp. 1-46). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70708-0-1.
Kerrich, R., and Wyman, D., 1990. Geodynamic setting of mesothermal gold deposits: an association with accretionary tectonic regimes. Geology 18, 882–885. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0882:GSOMGD>2.3.CO;2.
Kouhestani, H., Rastad, E., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., and Mohajjel, M., 2006. Gold Mineralization in Chah-Bagh Ductile-Brittle Shear Zones, Muteh Mining District, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, 60(15): 142-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2009.57851.
Kouhestani, H., Rashidnejad-Omran, N., Rastad, E., Mohajjel, M., Goldfarb, R.J., and Ghaderi, M., 2014. Orogenic gold mineralization at the Chah Bagh deposit, Muteh gold district, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 91: 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.04.027.
Kreuzer, O.P., 2005. Intrusion-hosted mineralization in the Charters Towers Goldfield, North Queensland: new isotopic and fluid inclusion constraints on the timing and origin of the auriferous veins. Economic Geology, 100(8), pp.1583-1603. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.8.1583.
Méheut, M., Lazzeri, M., Balan, E., and Mauri, F., 2007. Equilibrium isotopic fractionation in the kaolinite, quartz, water system: Prediction from first-principles density-functional theory. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(13), pp.3170-3181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.012.
McCuaig, C., and Kerrich, R., 1998. P-T-t-Deformation-Fluid Characteristics of Lode Gold Deposits: Evidence from Alteration Systematics. Ore Geology Reviews, 12, 381-453.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368 (98)00010-9.
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C.L., and Sahandi, M.R., 2003. Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj–Sirjan zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21(4): 397-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120 (02)00035-4.
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