نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشکده زمین‌شناسی، دانشکدگان علوم، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
رشد جمعیت و افزایش شهرنشینی، انسان را در معرض آلاینده‌های شهری بیشتری قرار می‌دهد، به‌ویژه در شرایطی که مجبور به گذراندن مدتی طولانی در فضاهای بسته و با تهویه اندک هستند. این مطالعه، نخستین پژوهش در باره آلاینده‌های غیرآلی درون‌ساختمانی شهر تهران است که با استفاده از شاخص‌های زمین‌شیمیایی، شدت آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمی را در غبارهای درون ساختمانی تخمین می‌زند. از نواحی شلوغ و مرکزی شهر تهران، 31 نمونه غبار به روش نافعال از درون ساختمان‌های مسکونی و اداری برداشت و پس از آماده‌سازی، تجزیه شیمیایی با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی جرمی پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی در آزمایشگاه دانشگاه روویرا شهر تاراگونا اسپانیا انجام شد. شاخص‌های زمین‌شیمیایی منفرد شامل ضریب آلودگی، شاخص زمین‌انباشت و ضریب غنی‌شدگی، و شاخص‌های تجمعی شاخص بار آلودگی و شاخص پتانسیل ریسک بوم‌شناختی (اکولوژیک) برای تعیین شدت آلودگی در نمونه‌های غبار محاسبه شدند. نتایج آنالیز عنصری نشان داد که عناصر آرسنیک، کادمیم، مس، جیوه، سرب و روی در غبار درون ساختمانی شهر تهران غلظت های بالاتری نسبت به برخی شهرهای جهان نشان می‌دهند. در مقابل، عناصر کبالت، کروم، نیکل و وانادیم، مقادیر اندکی را نشان می‌دهند. این یافته توسط شاخص‌های تجمعی و شاخص منفرد ضریب آلودگی تایید شد، در حالی که شاخص‌های دیگر سطح پایین تا متوسط آلودگی را نشان می‌دهند. بر اساس نتایج غلظت عناصر در نمونه‌ها می‌توان به این نتیجه رسید که شاخص‌های با سطح متوسط تا پایین آلودگی در تحلیل حاضر قابل اطمینان نبوده و توصیه نمی‌شوند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
ارسلانی، ف.، علیجانی، ب.، اکبری، م.، محمدخان، ش.، 1399، بررسی عناصر سنگین (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) موجود در غبار ریزشی شهر تهران. پژوهش‌های دانش زمین. سال یازدهم، شماره 44، ص 15-36. http://doi.org/20.1001.1.20088299.1399.11.4.2.7.
دهقانی، ش.، 1396، زمین‌شیمی زیست‌محیطی، گونه‌پذیری و ارزیابی خطر سلامتی برخی فلزات بالقوه سمناک در غبار خیابان مناطق با بار ترافیکی سنگین در کلان‌شهر تهران. رساله دکتری زمین‌شناسی زیست‌محیطی، دانشگاه شیراز. 300 ص.
علی طالشی، م.ص.، معین‌الدینی، م.، فیض‌نیا، س.، اسکوئیزاتو، الف.، 1398، آلودگی فلزات سنگین در ذرات غبار خیابانی شهر تهران در سال 1397. ارزیابی غنای فلزی و درجه آلودگی. مجله مهندسی بهداشت محیط. سال 7 شماره 2 ص 179-194. .http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jehe.7.2.179
مقدسی، پ.، یزدی، م.، بیاتی، الف.، 1394، ویژگی‌های زمین‌شیمیایی گرد و غبار میادین اصلی تهران. فصلنامه علوم محیطی، دوره 3 شماره 1 ص 75-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jehe.7.2.179.
یعقوبی، ز.، حسینی، ع.، نبی بیدهندی، غ.، شرافتی، الف.، 1401، ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی پارک‌های منتخب کلان‌شهر تهران بر اساس نمونه‌برداری سال 1400 محیط‌شناسی، دوره 48 شماره 2 ص 179-196. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.10258620.1401.48.2.2.7.
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