نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 استاد، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، پژوهشکده علوم زمین، سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The Miocene sediments in Neyriz region crop out in Zagros Crushed Zone, between Zagros Main Fault and Zagros Ophiolite Zone. For paleoenvironmental studies of these sediments, two stratigraphic sections (Kuh-e Asaki and Horgan sections) have been measured and sampled. The thicknesses of these two sections are 424 and 440 m respectively and contain red and green sandstone, conglomerate and marl which are bounded unconformably between the Jahrum Formation and Bakhtiari conglomerate. Based on the field and petrographic studies, 14 sedimentary facies related to proximal, mid fan-delta; transition zone, delta slope and prodelta have been recognized for the Miocene succession. Due to the slope facies formed by the turbidity currents, grain fall and debris flows, the coarse grained clasts and poorly sorted texture, a fan-delta model is suggested for the succession. Also, the development of the slope facies indicates a paleo-slope and slope-type, deep-water fan-delta. The frequent intra-formational disconformities, irregular changes in grain size and present of gravity flows indicate an active tectonic sedimentary basin and reflux of coarse grained sediments (catastrophic events) to the proximal parts of Zagros Basin.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
اشراقی، ص.ع.، روشنروان ج. و سبزهای، م.، 1378- نقشه یکصدهزارم قطروئیه، تهران، سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
اشراقی، ص. ع.، روشنروان، ج.، علایی مهابادی، س. و سبزهای، م.، 1375- نقشه یکصدهزارم نیریز، تهران، سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.
Alavi, M., 2004- Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science 304: 1-20.
Allen, J., 1963- The classification of cross-stratified units, with notes on their origin. Sedimentology 2: 93-114.
Allen, J., 1982- Mud drapes in sand-wave deposits: a physical model with application to the Folkescone Beds (early Cretaceous, southeast England). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 306: 291-345.
Allen, J., 1983- Studies in fluviatile sedimentation: bars, bar complexes and sandstone sheets (low-sinuosity braided streams) in the Brownstones (L. Devonian), Welsh Borders. Sedimentary Geology 33: 237-293.
Babaei, A., Babaei, H. A. and Arvin, M., 2005- Tectonic evolution of the Neyriz ophiolite, Iran; An accretionary prism model. Ofioliti 30: 65-74.
Benton, M. and Harper, D., 1997- Basic Palaeontology, Longman. Harlow 342 pp.
Berberian, M. and King, G. C. P., 1981- Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18: 210-265.
Colella, A., DeBoer, P. L. and Nio, S. D., 1987- Sedimentology of a marine intermontane Pleistocene Gilbert-type fan-delta complex in the Crati Basin, southern Italy. Sedimentology 34: 731-736.
Collinson, J., 1968- Deltaic sedimentation units in the Upper Carboniferous of northern England. Sedimentology 10: 233-254.
Collinson, J., 1969- The sedimentology of the Grindslow Shales and the Kinderscout Grit: a deltaic complex in the Namurian of northern England. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 39: 194-221.
Conaghan, P. J. and Jones, J. G., 1975- The Hawkesbury Sandstone and the Brahmaputra: A depositional model for continental sandstones. Journal of Geological Society of Australia 22: 275-283.
Dickson, J., 1966- Carbonate identification and genesis as revealed by staining. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 36: 491-505.
Fakhari, M. D., Axen, G. J., Horton, B. K., Hassanzadeh, J. and Amini, A., 2008- Revised age of proximal deposits in the Zagros foreland basin and implications for Cenozoic evolution of the High Zagros. Tectonophysics 451: 170-185.
Falcon, N., 1974- Southern Iran: Zagros mountains, Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 4: 199-211.
Feng, D., Deng, H., Zhou, Z., Gao, X. and Cui, L., 2015- Paleotopographic controls on facies development in various types of braid-delta depositional systems in lacustrine basins in China. Geosience Frontiers 6: 579-591.
Folk, R. L., 1980- Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Austin, Texas: Hemphill Press 182 pp.
Gobo, K., Ghinassi, M. and Nemec, W., 2014- Reciprocal changes in foreset to bottomset facies in A Gilbert-Type Delta: response to short-term changes in base level. Journal of Sedimentary Research 84: 1079-1095.
Hessami, K., Koyi, H. A., Talbot, C. J., Tabasi, H. and Shabanian, E., 2001- Progressive unconformities within an evolving foreland fold-thrust belt, Zagros Mountains. Journal of Geological Society, London 158: 969-981.
Hubert, J. F. and Hyde, M. G., 1983- Sheet flow deposits of graded beds and mudstones on an alluvial sandflat-playa system: Upper Triassic Blomidon redbeds, St Mary's Bay, Nova Scotia. Sedimentology 29: 457-474.
James, G. A. and Wynd, J. C., 1965- Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 49: 94-156.
Koop, W. J. and Stoneley, R., 1982- Subsidence history of the Middle East Zagros basin, Permian to Recent. In: Kent, M.B.P. (Eds.), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part A 305: 149-168.
Liu, T., Zhang, J. and Li, C. L., 2014- Sedimentary facies of prograded-type fan delta Hungjue area, Gaoyou Sag, China. Petroleum Science and Technology 32: 217-224.
Lowe, D., 1982- Sediment gravity flows; II, Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 52: 279-297.
McCabe, P., 1977- Deep distributary channels and giant bedforms in the Upper Carboniferous of the Central Pennines, northern England. Sedimentology 24: 271-290.
McKee, E. D., Crosby, E. J. and Berryhill, H. L. Jr., 1967- Flood deposits, Gijou Creek, Colorado. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 37: 829-851.
Miall, A., 1985- Architectural-element analysis: a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits. Earth Science Review 22: 261-308.
Miall, A., 1988- Reservoir heterogeneities in fluvial sandstones: Lessons from outcrop studies, Bulletin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists 72: 682-697.
Miall, A., 1996- The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. Sedimentary Facies, Basin Analysis, and Petroleum Geology, Berlin: Springer-Verlag 582 pp.
Nadimi, A., 2002- Mantle flow patterns ant the Neyriz paleo-spreading center, Iran. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200: 93-104.
Navabpour, P., Angelier, J. and Barrier, E., 2007- Cenozoic post-collisional brittle tectonic history and stress reorientation in the High Zagros Belt (Iran, Fars Province). Tectonophysics 432: 101-131.
Nemec, W. and Postma, G., 1993- Quaternary alluvial fans in southwestern Crete: sedimentation processes and geomorphic evolution. In: Marzo, M. and Puigdefabregas, C. (Eds.), Alluvial Sedimentation International Association of Sedimentology. Special Publication 17: 235-276.
Nemec, W. and Steel, R. J., 1984- Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: Their significant features and some comments on gravelly massflow deposits. In: Koster, E. H. and Steel, R.j. (Eds.), Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates. Memorial Canadian Society of Petrolium Geology 1-31.
Nemec, W., Steel, R. J., Gjelberg, J., Collinson, J. D., Prestholm, E. and Oxnevad, I. E., 1988- Anatomy of collapsed and re-established delta front in Lower Cretaceous of eastern Spitsbergen: gravitational sliding and sedimention processes. American Assosiation of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin 72: 545-476.
Nichols, G., 2009- Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Wiley-Blackwell 432 pp.
Petrolink, G., 1998- Exploration and production features United Arab Emirates and Iran. Geo Arabia 3: 427–455.
Pirouz, M., Simpson, G. and Chiaradia, M., 2015- Constraint on foreland basin migration in the Zagros mountain belt using Sr isotope stratigraphy. Basin Research 27: 714-728.
Postma, G., 1990- Depositional architeture and facies of river and fan deltas: a synthesis. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special publication 10: 13-27.
Prior, D. B. and Bornhold, B. D., 1990- The underwater development of Holocene fan deltas. In: Colella, A. (Eds.), Coarse-grained Deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists, Spacial Publication 75-90.
Prothero, D. R. and Schwab, F., 1996- Sedimentary Geology, Freeman and Company, First edition 575 pp.
Reading, H., 1996- Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell 704 pp.
Ricou, L. E., 1971- Le croissant ophiolitique pe´ri-arabe une ceinture de nappes mise en place au cre´tace´ supe´rieur. Revue de ge´ographie physique et ge´ologie dynamique 13: 327-350.
Sarkarinejad, K., 2005- Structures and microstructures related to steady-state mantle flow in the Neyriz ophiolite, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 25: 859-881.
Sherkati, S. and Letouzey, J., 2004- Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the Izeh Zone and Dezful Embayment, Central Zagros, Iran. GeoArabia 9: 131.
Stear, W., 1985- Comparison of the bedform distribution and dynamics of modern and ancient sandy ephemeral flood deposits in the southwestern Karoo region, South Africa. Sedimentary Geology 45: 209-230.
Steel, R. J. and Aasheim, S. M., 1978- Alluvial sand deposition in a rapidly subsiding basin (Devonian, Norway). In: Miall, A.D. (Eds.), Fluvial Sedimentology. Memorial Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists 5: 385-412.
Stocklin, J., 1968- Structural history and tectonics of Iran. A review. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 52: 1229-1258.
Tunbridge, I., 1981- Sandy high-energy flood sediments- some criteria fot their tecognition, with an example from the Devonian of S.W England. Sedimentary Geology 28: 79-95.
Tunbridge, I., 1984- Facies model for a sandy ephemeral stream and clay playa complex; the Middle Devonian Trentishoe Fotmation of North Devon, U. K. Sedimentology 31: 697-715.
Wescott, W. A. and Ethridge, E. G., 1990- Fan deltas; alluvial fans in coastal settings. In: Rachocki, A.H. & Church, M. (Eds.), Alluvial Fans: a Field Approach. London: Blackie 195-211.
)